つ
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Japanese
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Pronunciation
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]Derived in the Heian period from writing the man'yōgana kanji 川 in the cursive sōsho style.
Syllable
[edit]- The hiragana syllable つ (tsu). Its equivalent in katakana is ツ (tsu). It is the eighteenth syllable in the gojūon order; its position is た行う段 (ta-gyō u-dan, “row ta, section u”).
See also
[edit]- (Hiragana) 平仮名; あぁ, いぃ, うぅゔ, えぇ, おぉ, かゕが, きぎ, くぐ, けゖげ, こ𛄲 (𛄲)ご, さざ, しじ, すず, せぜ, そぞ, ただ, ちぢ, つっづ, てで, とど, な, に, ぬ, ね, の, はばぱ, ひびぴ, ふぶぷ, へべぺ, ほぼぽ, ま, み, む, め, も, やゃ, 𛀆, ゆゅ, 𛀁, よょ, らら゚, りり゚, るる゚, れれ゚, ろろ゚, わゎわ゙, ゐ𛅐 (𛅐)ゐ゙, 𛄟 (𛄟), ゑ𛅑 (𛅑)ゑ゙, を𛅒 (𛅒)を゙, ん, ー, ゝ, ゞ, ゟ
- とぅ (tu)
Etymology 2
[edit]⟨tu⟩ → /t͡su/
From Old Japanese. According to one theory, shortened from 棄つ (<utu> → utsu, “throw away, discard”).
Suffix
[edit]- (Classical Japanese) indicates the completion of an action
- (Classical Japanese) indicates certainty
- (Classical Japanese) indicates affirmation
- (Classical Japanese, in the form ...tsu ...tsu) shows parallel action
Usage notes
[edit]- 下二段活用 (shimo nidan katsuyō, “lower bigrade conjugation”). Attaches to the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of a verb.
- つ (tsu) is mainly used with transitive verbs while ぬ (nu) is mainly used with intransitive verbs.
- This word is morphologically an inflectional suffix. It is classified as 助動詞 (jodōshi, “auxiliary verb”) in traditional Japanese grammar.
Conjugation
[edit]Derived terms
[edit]Etymology 3
[edit]⟨tu⟩ → /t͡su/
From Old Japanese.
There were some variants found in the old documents, starting with alveolar consonants like の (no), な (na), す (su), し (shi), て (te) etc.[1]
Yamada (1913) proposed that it is cognate with Old Korean 叱 (-s) (whence Middle Korean ㅅ (-s)). [2] However, the phonology does not match, and there is a distinct vestigial medial -s- that appears in certain ancient Japanese terms, such as 春雨 (harusame, possibly haru ("spring") + -s- (genitive) + ame ("rain")), 新稲 (nīshine, possibly nī ("new") + -s- (genitive) + ine ("rice")), 真青 (masao, possibly ma ("true, real") + -s- (genitive) + ao ("blue")).
Particle
[edit]- (archaic, obsolete) genitive or possessive marker
- 豊葦原中国
- Toyoashihara no Nakatsukuni
- Toyoashihara no Nakatsukuni
- 天つ風
- ama tsu kaze
- wind blowing from the heavens
- 国つ神
- kuni tsu kami
- kami of the land
- 豊葦原中国
Usage notes
[edit]A few terms in modern Japanese have been derived from the possessive marker tsu:
- 目 (ma, “eye”, combining form) + つ (tsu) + 毛 (ke, “hair”) → 睫 (matsuge, “eyelashes”)
- 身 (mi, “body”) + つ (tsu) + 柄 (kara, “design → by itself”) → 自ら (mizukara, “personally, oneself”)
See also
[edit]Etymology 4
[edit]Alternative spellings |
---|
個 箇 |
From Old Japanese.
Counter
[edit]- suffixed to Japanese numerals hito-, futa-, mi-, ... , kokono-, used to count almost anything
- Synonym: 個 (-ko)
Derived terms
[edit]Japanese number-counter combinations for つ (tsu) | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | How many? |
一つ (hitotsu) | 二つ (futatsu) | 三つ (mittsu) 三つ (mitsu) |
四つ (yottsu) 四つ (yotsu) |
五つ (itsutsu) | 六つ (muttsu) 六つ (mutsu) |
七つ (nanatsu) | 八つ (yattsu) 八つ (yatsu) |
九つ (kokonotsu) | 幾つ (ikutsu) |
See also
[edit]Etymology 5
[edit]Noun
[edit]Proper noun
[edit]- 津: a place name
- 津: a surname
Etymology 6
[edit]Noun
[edit]Etymology 7
[edit]Probably from kaomoji such as (´・ω・)つ旦, which represents serving tea.
Symbol
[edit]つ
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ Choi Kun-Sik (崔建植) (1999) “上代籍帳の人名における連体助詞「つ」について”, in 文学史研究 40[1]
- ^ Yamada, Yoshio (1913) 奈良朝文法史
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