subeo

Latin

Etymology

From sub- (“under”) +‎ eō (“go”).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): /ˈsu.be.oː/, [ˈs̠ʊbeoː]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ˈsu.be.o/, [ˈsuːbeo]

Verb

subeō (present infinitive subīre, perfect active subiī or subīvī, supine subitum); irregular conjugation, irregular

1. to go under, come under; enter

   Synonyms: ineō, ingredior, introeō, intrō, succēdō, accēdō, invādō, immigrō

   Antonyms: exeō, ēvādō, ēgredior, abeō, ēiciō

   • 20 BCE – 14 BCE, Horace, Epistles 1.7:

     Macra cavum repetes artum quem macra subisti

     Thin, you will return to the narrow cave that you entered thin

2. to come or go up to, approach, draw near, advance or proceed to a place; come or go on

   Synonyms: adorior, prōgredior, prōdeō, prōcēdō, adeō, incēdō, aggredior, gradior, īnferō, succēdō, prōficiō

   Antonyms: discēdō, dīgredior, facessō, excēdō, dēficiō, dēgredior, dēcēdō

3. to succeed, follow, take place

   Synonyms: succēdō, excipiō, sequor

4. to occur, come to mind
   • 8 CE – 12 CE, Ovid, Sorrows 1.125–126:

     et sī quae subeunt, tēcum, liber, omnia ferrēs,
     sarcina lātūrō magna futūrus erās.

     And, [my] book, if you were to carry with you all [the thoughts] which are coming to mind, [what] a heavy burden you would be to the one who will be carrying you!
     (Writing from exile, Ovid addresses his book as if it were a living emissary he will send back to Rome. The poet mingles present and future tenses in this conditional “if–then” couplet.)

5. to submit to, undergo, bear, endure

   Synonyms: tolerō, sustineō, patiō, accipiō, recipiō, sinō, suscipiō, sufferō, dūrō, ferō, perferō, sustentō, perpetior

6. to approach stealthily, sneak up on
7. to go up, mount, climb, scale

   Synonyms: īnscendō, cōnscendō, ascendō, escendō, succēdō, enitor, superscandō, suprascandō, ērēpō, scandō

   Antonyms: dēscendō, dēcurrō

Conjugation

Irregular conjugation, but similar to fourth conjugation. The third principal part is most often contracted to subiī, but occasionally appears as subīvī.

Conjugation of subeō (irregular)
indicative		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	subeō	subīs	subit	subīmus	subītis	subeunt
	imperfect	subībam	subībās	subībat	subībāmus	subībātis	subībant
	future	subībō	subībis	subībit	subībimus	subībitis	subībunt
	perfect	subiī, subīvī	subīstī, subīvistī	subiit, subīvit	subiimus	subīstis	subiērunt, subiēre
	pluperfect	subieram	subierās	subierat	subierāmus	subierātis	subierant
	future perfect	subierō	subieris	subierit	subierimus	subieritis	subierint
passive	present	subeor	subīris, subīre	subītur	subīmur	subīminī	subeuntur
	imperfect	subībar	subībāris, subībāre	subībātur	subībāmur	subībāminī	subībantur
	future	subībor	subīberis, subībere	subībitur	subībimur	subībiminī	subībuntur
	perfect	subitus + present active indicative of sum
	pluperfect	subitus + imperfect active indicative of sum
	future perfect	subitus + future active indicative of sum
subjunctive		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	subeam	subeās	subeat	subeāmus	subeātis	subeant
	imperfect	subīrem	subīrēs	subīret	subīrēmus	subīrētis	subīrent
	perfect	subierim	subierīs	subierit	subierīmus	subierītis	subierint
	pluperfect	subīssem	subīssēs	subīsset	subīssēmus	subīssētis	subīssent
passive	present	subear	subeāris, subeāre	subeātur	subeāmur	subeāminī	subeantur
	imperfect	subīrer	subīrēris, subīrēre	subīrētur	subīrēmur	subīrēminī	subīrentur
	perfect	subitus + present active subjunctive of sum
	pluperfect	subitus + imperfect active subjunctive of sum
imperative		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	—	subī	—	—	subīte	—
	future	—	subītō	subītō	—	subītōte	subeuntō
passive	present	—	subīre	—	—	subīminī	—
	future	—	subītor	subītor	—	—	subeuntor
non-finite forms		active			passive
		present	perfect	future	present	perfect	future
infinitives		subīre	subīsse	subitūrum esse	subīrī	subitum esse	subitum īrī
participles		subiēns	—	subitūrus	—	subitus	subeundus
verbal nouns		gerund				supine
		genitive	dative	accusative	ablative	accusative	ablative
		subeundī	subeundō	subeundum	subeundō	subitum	subitū

Related terms

• subitārius
• subitō
• subitus

Descendants

• Aragonese: subir
• Asturian: xubir
• Corsican: subì
• Extremaduran: subil
• French: subir
• Galician: subir
• Italian: subire
• Ligurian: subî
• Leonese: xubire
• Megleno-Romanian: sui
• Mirandese: chubir
• Navarro-Aragonese: subir, sobir
• Occitan: subir
• Old Galician-Portuguese: subir, sobir
• Old Spanish: subir
• Piedmontese: sübì
• Portuguese: subir, sobir
• Romanian: sui, suire
• Sardinian: subire
• Spanish: subir
• Venetan: subir

References

• “subeo”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “subeo”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• subeo in Enrico Olivetti, editor (2003-2024), Dizionario Latino, Olivetti Media Communication
• subeo in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎^[1], London: Macmillan and Co.
  • to suffer mishap: calamitatem accipere, subire
    
  • to incur danger, risk: pericula subire, adire, suscipere
    
  • to suffer reproof; to be criticised, blamed: vituperationem subire
    
  • to gain the reputation of cruelty: famam crudelitatis subire (Catil. 4. 6. 12)
    
  • to incur ignominy: infamiam concipere, subire, sibi conflare
    
  • an idea strikes me: haec cogitatio subit animum
    
  • to incur a person's hatred: alicuius odium subire, suscipere, in se convertere, sibi conflare
    
  • to enter the house: tectum subire
    
  • to submit to a punishment: poenam subire
    
  • to advance to the walls protected by a covering of shields: testudine facta moenia subire (B. G. 2. 6)
    
  • to accept the terms of the peace: pacis condiciones accipere, subire (opp. repudiare, respuere)
    
  • (ambiguous) to speak extempore: subito, ex tempore (opp. ex praeparato) dicere