恐龍的體型
恐龍的體型將目前已知的不同恐龍生物群中,最大、最重與最小的成員列表出來。
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Longest_dinosaur_by_clade.svg/320px-Longest_dinosaur_by_clade.svg.png)
備註:這個列表並不包含未公佈的化石。恐龍的體重估計值比身長估計值變化範圍更大,因為使用已滅絕動物的骨骸來估計牠們的身長較為容易。
獸腳亞目
[编辑]最長的獸腳亞目
[编辑]![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Longest_theropods.svg/300px-Longest_theropods.svg.png)
以下列表為身長(包含尾巴在內)超過12公尺的獸腳類恐龍。
2南方巨兽龙: 12.3—13.2米(40—43英尺)[2][3]
7高棘龍: 11.5—11.8米(38—39英尺)?[4][3]
最重的獸腳亞目
[编辑]1霸王龙: 4.5—9.5 t(5.0—10.5 short ton)[7][8][9]
2南方巨兽龙: 6—8.5 t(6.6—9.4 short ton) [10][11][12][13]
3棘龙: 6—8.5 t(6.6—9.4 short ton)[14][12][15]
4鲨齿龙: 4—8.2 t(4.4—9.0 short ton)[10][16][12]
5魁纣龙: 4.9—7.5 t(5.4—8.3 short ton)[4][10]
6高棘龍: 2.4—7.3 t(2.6—8.0 short ton)[10][17][18]
7恐手龙: 5—6.8 t(5.5—7.5 short ton)[19][4]
8似鳄龙: 2.5—6.5 t(2.8—7.2 short ton)[2][16][4]
9奥沙拉龙: 5—6.4 t(5.5—7.1 short ton)[20]
10吉兰泰龙: 2.5—6 t(2.8—6.6 short ton)[21][22]
最小的獸腳亞目(不包含鳥類)
[编辑]以下為身長小於或等于80cm的獸腳類恐龍(不包含鳥類):
- 耀龍(Epidexipteryx):25公分到30公分。[4][23]
- 近鳥(Anchiornis):34公分。[24]
- 小馳龍(Parvicursor):39公分。
- 寐龍(Mei):53公分。[2]
- 金鳳鳥(Jinfengopteryx):55公分。[25]
- 小盜龍(Microraptor):55到77公分。
- 美頜龍(Compsognathus):60公分到1.4公尺。
- 小力加布龍(Ligabueino):70公分。
- 大黑天神龍(Mahakala):70公分。[26]
- 侏羅獵龍(Juravenator):75到104公分。
- 恩霹渥巴龍(Nqwebasaurus):80公分。
蜥脚形亚目
[编辑]蜥脚形亚目恐龍的化石經常處於破碎的狀態,因此很難估計牠們的體型。而且牠們的化石常缺乏尾部,所以估計值的錯誤範圍很大。恐龍體重的計算方式是採用身長的三次方,而蜥腳類恐龍的身長大多無法確定,因此更難以估計牠們的體重。以下估計值主要根據Gavinrymill、Miketaylor (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆)、以及 Mortimer (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆)等人的論敘。而化石非常破碎,或是化石已遺失的物種,都標上問號。
巨型蜥腳類恐龍通常可以分為兩群:一群的體型較短、較粗壯,但體重較大,主要為泰坦巨龍類與腕龍科;另一群的體型較為修長,但體重較輕,主要為梁龍科。
最長的蜥脚形亚目
[编辑]![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Longest_dinosaurs1.png/380px-Longest_dinosaurs1.png)
1阿根廷龍(Argentinosaurus)31-37.6公尺。[27]
2巴塔哥巨龍 (Patagotitan):30-35公尺。[28][4][29]
3马门溪龙(Mamenchisaurus):26到35公尺。[4][30]
4超龍(Supersaurus):32到34.5公尺。[31][4]
5梁龍(D. hallorum):26-32公尺。原為地震龍(Seismosaurus)。[4][31][3][32]
6阿拉莫龍(Alamosaurus):28到31.5公尺。[4][33][3]
7巨大南极龙("Antarctosaurus" giganteus): 25-30公尺。[3]
8新疆巨龍(Xinjiangtitan):26-29公尺。[34]
9波塞東龍(Sauroposeidon): 27到28.5公尺。備註:目前已知最高的恐龍,身高15-17公尺。[35][4][36]
最重的蜥脚形亚目
[编辑]1阿根廷龍(Argentinosaurus):50至92公噸。[37][4][10]
2马门溪龙(Mamenchisaurus):44到80公噸。[4]
3巴塔哥巨龙属 (Patagotitan):55到72公噸。[38]
4南巨龙属 (Notocolossus):44.9到55公噸。[37]
5阿拉莫龍(Alamosaurus):39.5到52公噸。[37][4][11]
6波塞東龍(Sauroposeidon):38到52公噸。[35][4][36]
7无畏巨龙(Dreadnoughtus):22.1到46公噸。[37][39]
8潮汐龙(Futalognkosaurus):20到42公噸。[4][40]
最小的蜥脚形亚目
[编辑]- 歐姆殿龍(Ohmdenosaurus): 4米(13英尺)[3]
- 貝里肯龍(Blikanasaurus): 4—5米(13—16英尺)[4][3]
- 细长龙(Lirainosaurus): 4—7米(13—23英尺)[4][41]
- 馬扎爾龍(Magyarosaurus): 5.3—6米(17—20英尺)[4][3]
- 歐羅巴龍(Europasaurus): 5.7—6.2米(19—20英尺)[4][3][42]
- 火山齒龍(Vulcanodon): 6.5—11米(21—36英尺)[4][3]
- 伊森龍(Isanosaurus): 6.5—17米(21—56英尺)[3][43]
- 萨尔塔龙(Saltasaurus): 7—12.8米(23—42英尺)[4][44][29]
- 内乌肯龙(Neuquensaurus): 7—15米(23—49英尺)[3][45]
- 雷前龍(Antetonitrus): 8—12.2米(26—40英尺)[3][46]
鳥腳亞目
[编辑]最長的鳥腳亞目
[编辑]![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Largestornithopods_scale.png/300px-Largestornithopods_scale.png)
- 山東龍(Shantungosaurus):14.7—18.7米(48—61英尺)[16][3][47][48][49]
- 埃德蒙頓龍(Edmontosaurus):9—15.2米(30—50英尺)[3][4][50][51][52][53]
- 阔步龙(Hypsibema):15米(49英尺)?[3]
- 贝尼萨尔禽龙(Iguanodon):10—13米(33—43英尺)[3][54]
- 卡戎龍(Charonosaurus):10—13米(33—43英尺)[4][55]
- 巨保罗龙(Magnapaulia):12.5米(41英尺)[56]
- 窄吻櫛龍(Saurolophus angustirostris):12米(39英尺)[4][57]
最重的鳥腳亞目
[编辑]- 山東龍: 9.9—22.5 t(10.9—24.8 short ton)[4][10][16][58]
- 加尔韦禽龙: 15.3 t(16.9 short ton)[10]
- 连接埃德蒙顿龙: 3—13.2 t(3.3—14.6 short ton)[59][16][60][51]
- 栉龙: 5—11 t(5.5—12.1 short ton)[10][61]
- 贝尼萨尔禽龙: 3.08—8.3 t(3.40—9.15 short ton)[10][62]
- 帝王埃德蒙顿龙: 4—7.6 t(4.4—8.4 short ton)[10]
- 加拿大短冠龙: 4.5—7 t(5.0—7.7 short ton)[4][10]
- 巨齿兰州龙: 6 t(6.6 short ton)[4]
- 沃克氏副栉龙: 2.5—5.1 t(2.8—5.6 short ton)[10][16][63][64]
- 嘉荫卡戎龙: 5 t(5.5 short ton)[4]
角龍亞目
[编辑]最長的角龍亞目
[编辑]以下為身長(包含尾巴)超過6公尺以上的角龍類恐龍。
- 始三角龍(Eotriceratops):8.5米(28英尺)[4]
- 三角龍(Triceratops):8米(26英尺)[4]
- 牛角龍(Torosaurus):8米(26英尺)[4]
- 白杨山角龙(Ojoceratops):8米(26英尺)[3]
- 泰坦角龙(Titanoceratops):6.5—6.8米(21—22英尺)[4][65]
- 厚鼻龍(Pachyrhinosaurus): 6米(20英尺)[4]
- 河神龙(Achelousaurus): 6米(20英尺)[4]
最小的角龍亞目
[编辑]厚頭龍亞目
[编辑]最大的厚頭龍亞目
[编辑]最小的厚頭龍亞目
[编辑]装甲类
[编辑]最長的装甲类
[编辑]以下为长度超过8米的装甲类恐龙:
- 劍龍屬(Stegosaurus):6.5—9米(21—30英尺)[4][3]
- 雪松甲龙(Ankylosaurus):5—9米(16—30英尺)[4][3][67]
- 锐龙(Dacentrurus):7—8米(23—26英尺)[4][3][68]
- 甲龍(Ankylosaurus):6.25—8米(20.5—26.2英尺)[3][69][70]
- 多智龙(Tarchia):4.5—8米(15—26英尺)[4][3]
最小的装甲类
[编辑]- 遼寧龍(Liaoningosaurus):34公分,但化石為幼年體。[3]
- 小盾龍(Scutellosaurus):1.2公尺。[3]
- 龍胄龍(Dracopelta):2公尺。[3]
- 敏迷龍(Minmi):2公尺。
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