實驗經濟學
閱讀設定
實驗經濟學(粵讀:sat6 jim6 ging1 zai3 hok6 | 英文:experimental economics)係指運用實驗方法嚟研究經濟學嘅一個領域-相對於打前嘅經濟學以經濟紀錄做主導數據。
諗頭
[編輯]喺最嚴格嘅科學基準嚟講,齋靠觀察(廿世紀社科依賴嘅研究方法)頂櫳淨係可以搵得出事物之間嘅相關(correlation;簡單講就係正比同反比),噉係因為當一個研究者觀察到(例如) 同 硬係一齊出現(正比),噉依然有三個可能性:
喺科學上,要搵出事物之間嘅因果關係,就實要靠實驗嘅方法:實驗係指研究者特登操作某啲變數,再睇吓個操作會造成乜嘢效果,例如「如果佢特登操作 ,就會見到 跟住出現,而如果佢唔特登操作 , 就唔會跟住出現」,佢就有理由相信 真係能夠引致 。因為廿世紀嘅經濟學好多時都係齋靠觀察,所以成日俾人詬病話佢哋唔能夠確立唔同經濟現象之間嘅因果關係[2][3]。
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做法
[編輯]實驗通常都係喺高度受控嘅實驗室入面做嘅,研究者會搵啲受試者返嚟,做一啲操作,再俾啲受試者做一啲經濟作業,睇吓操作會點樣影響受試者喺經濟作業上嘅表現。但係有唔少學者都嫌呢啲實驗環境太過人工化,唔夠自然,所以有研究者會做實地實驗,即係喺現實環境入面做操作以及睇吓個操作會造成乜嘢結果[4][5],又或者係自然實驗,指個操作係由研究者以外嘅力量所施加嘅(例如係研究自然災難造成嘅經濟行為改變噉)[6]。
睇埋
[編輯]引述
[編輯]- ↑ Aldrich, John (1995). "Correlations Genuine and Spurious in Pearson and Yule" (PDF). Statistical Science. 10 (4): 364–376.
- ↑ Alvin E. Roth, 2002. "The Economist as Engineer: Game Theory, Experimentation, and Computation as Tools for Design Economics," Econometrica, 70(4), pp. 1341–1378.
- ↑ See, e.g., Grechenig, K., Nicklisch, A., & Thöni, C. (2010). Punishment despite reasonable doubt—a public goods experiment with sanctions under uncertainty. Journal of Empirical Legal Studies, 7(4), 847-867.
- ↑ Vernon L. Smith, 2008a. "Experimental methods in economics," The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics, 2nd Edition.
- ↑ Vernon L. Smith, 2008b. "Experimental economics," The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics, 2nd Edition.
- ↑ J. DiNardo, 2008. "natural experiments and quasi-natural experiments," The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics, 2nd Edition.