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    Pinus

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    narsaiah
    This document discusses the structure, reproduction, and life cycle of Pinus (pine trees). It begins by describing the distribution and occurrence of pine species, focusing on the 6 species found in India. It then covers the external and internal morphology, as well as the reproduction, of pine trees. Key points include that pine trees are monoecious with male and female cones on separate branches, undergo meiosis to produce gametophytes, and have wind pollination followed by fertilization inside the female cone to form seeds. The economic importance of pine for its strong wood is also noted.

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    Pinus

    Uploaded by

    narsaiah
    57 views12 pages
    This document discusses the structure, reproduction, and life cycle of Pinus (pine trees). It begins by describing the distribution and occurrence of pine species, focusing on the 6 species found in India. It then covers the external and internal morphology, as well as the reproduction, of pine trees. Key points include that pine trees are monoecious with male and female cones on separate branches, undergo meiosis to produce gametophytes, and have wind pollination followed by fertilization inside the female cone to form seeds. The economic importance of pine for its strong wood is also noted.

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    This document discusses the structure, reproduction, and life cycle of Pinus (pine trees). It begins by describing the distribution and occurrence of pine species, focusing on the 6 species found in India. It then covers the external and internal morphology, as well as the reproduction, of pine trees. Key points include that pine trees are monoecious with male and female cones on separate branches, undergo meiosis to produce gametophytes, and have wind pollination followed by fertilization inside the female cone to form seeds. The economic importance of pine for its strong wood is also noted.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    57 views12 pages

    Pinus

    Uploaded by

    narsaiah
    This document discusses the structure, reproduction, and life cycle of Pinus (pine trees). It begins by describing the distribution and occurrence of pine species, focusing on the 6 species found in India. It then covers the external and internal morphology, as well as the reproduction, of pine trees. Key points include that pine trees are monoecious with male and female cones on separate branches, undergo meiosis to produce gametophytes, and have wind pollination followed by fertilization inside the female cone to form seeds. The economic importance of pine for its strong wood is also noted.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 12

    Bhagalpur National College, Bhagalpur

    ( A Constituent unit of Tilka Manjhi Bhagalpur University,


    Bhagalpur)

    PPT Presentation for B.Sc. I- PINUS: Structure, Reproduction and Life cycle

    Presented by - Dr. Amit Kishore


    Singh
    Department of Botany
    B.N. College, Bhagalpur
    Distribution and Occurence

     Widely distributed in the Northern Hemisphere, mostly in temperate


    areas.

     Of the 90 species, 6 species are Indian- P. excelsa, P. longifolia, P. gerardiana,


    P. insularis, P. armandi, forms dense evergreen forests in
    hilly regions (Himalayas).

    P. P. P.
    longifolia roxburgii insularis
    Systematic Position of Pinus
    External morphology of Pinus
     Plant body is sporophytic
    Foliage leaf (green
    and needle like)
    Root Stem Leaves
     Well  Main trunk
    (Dimorphic)
    developed tap unbranched.
    is
     root.  It has branches Scale leaves (small,
    confined to apical membranous and
    region. brownish in colour)
     Branc are
    hes
    dimorp
    Branches of unlimited hic Branches of limited
    growth /long shoot growth /dwarf shoot
    (spurs)
    Internal morphology of Pinus

    T.S of Root T.S of Leaf


    T.S of Stem
     Piliferous epiblema  Cuticularized epidermis at the outermost layer encloses  Xeromorphic
    unicellular
    bear root hair (seen only in hypodermis layer below. Outermost epidermal layer
    young roots).  Inner cortex is thin walled parenchyma containing has thick-walled cells which are
    Broad parenchymatous chloroplasts and resin canals. cuticularized.
    cortex follows. Vascular bundles are conjoint, collateral, endarch , Stomata are sunken in below
    Endodermis and pericycle layers open and form a ring around the pith. surface of epidermis.
    seen next.  Medullary rays are narrow. Mesophyll is parenchymatous,
     Vascular tissue is Mesophyll is parenchymatous, not differentiated into not differentiated into palisade and
    arranged
    radially in 2-6 groups of xylem palisade and spongy cells. spongy cells.
    and phloem. Vessels in xylem and companion cells in phloem are Resin canals with secretory
    This tissue lacks true vessels and absent. tissue present.
    companion cells.  Ring of vascular cambium develops. Two vascular bundle with
     Resin canals present in xylem Pinus wood is dense and massive with conjoint tissue presnt in the
    patch making it Y-shaped. few parenchyma cells – pycnoxylic. middle.
    Old roots show Cork cambium (phellogen) formed in outer cortical Albuminous cells in pericycle is
    secondary growth. layer. present.
    Forms secondary cortical cells (phelloderm) towards
    inner side and cork (phellem) on outer side.
    Reproduction in Pinus
    Sporophytic plant body is monoecious, but the male and the female cones are
    produced on separate branches of the same plant.
    Male cone
    •Borne on the
    branches lower in the axils
    leaves. of scale
    • Appear
    January (in plains)
    in the and March
    month
    (in hills) of
    reaching maturity
    within 2-3 months.
    • Can be seen in clusters
    just behind the shoot – apex.
    Female cone
    • Borne on the upper branches
    of the tree, in axils of scale
    leaves either singly or in
    groups of 2-4.
    •Female cones are seen in
    February and get pollinated
    within 3-4 months.
    •Complete maturation and
    seed dispersal takes place in the
    3rd year of development.
    Microsporogenesis and male gametophyte
    Each male cone has 60-100 spirally arranged
    microsporophylls.
    Two microsporangia are present on
    the underside of each microsporophyll.
     Development of microsporangium is
     eusporangiate type.
    Within the microsporangium, the
    microspore mother cells undergo
    meiotic divisions to form
    microspores. haploid

    Microsporangia

    Meiosis

    MMC
    Pollen tetrad

    Releasd from
    sprorangium and
    set on ovule
    through wind for
    pollination
    Megasporogenesis and female gametophyte
    •Cone on maturity is usually cylindrical and 15-20cms
    in length.
    •Each cone consists of central axis bearing spirally arranged ovuliferous
    scales (60-70).
    • On young cones a small thin & leathery bract scale can be below the
    ovuliferous scale.
    • Each ovuliferous scale has two ovules on its upper surface.
    Inside Ovule
    • Nucellus differentiated into
    Megaspore mother cell
    (MMC).
    Meiosis
    •

    4 megaspore
    3 megaspore
    1 megaspore
    Degenerate
    Functional

    Endosperm
    (Female gametophyte)
    Pollination and Fertilization
    •Inside endosperm, development
    of archegonia takes place.
    •Archegonia consists of venter
    cell and ashort neck.
    • Egg is very large. It
    is
    surrounded by prothallial cells.
    •The neck is without neck canal
    cells.

    Released from
    sprorangium and FERT(feImLaIleZgaAmTetIo
    set on ovule Ready for pollination
    through wind for OphNyte)
    pollination

    Wind pollination

    Matured ovule structure)

    Numerous divisions
    EMBRYO ZYGOTE FERTILIZATIO
    N

    PROEMBRYO
    Alternation of generation in Pinus

    Sporophytic phase Gametophytic phase


    Economic importance of Pinus

    Pine tree wood is very strong and it is extensively used to manufacture doors, electric
    poles, window panes, boats, railway sleepers, musical instruments, boards, boxes, veneers
    and plywood, building construction, paneling, etc. due to its durability.

    Turpentine oil is produced from the pine tree which is used as a solvent for varnishes,
    paints and in perfumery industry.

    It is also used for producing disinfectants, synthetic pine oil, denaturants, and insecticides,
    etc.

    Pine oil from the pinewood is used in pharmaceutical industries, textile industries, leather
    industries, etc.

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