CHAPTER IV

RESEARCH RESULT AND DISUSSION

IV.1 RESEARCH RESULT

Leaf Anatomy Structure

No Species Description
Experiment Picture Literature Picture
1 Leave of
Lilium sp  Kutikuka is a thin plant. Epidermis
consists of one layer. The form of
Xylem Floating Stomata and
Parenchymal Cover Cells are
hexagons
 Lilium sp is a monocot because of
undifferentiated mesophyll
Stomata type: amphaticomatic (the
stomata are on the abaxial and
adaxial side with almost the same
number. The cover cell is parallel
to the fanaceous lamina epidermis.
It has no carrier sheath so called
C3 plant

2 Leave of  From the results of observations,

Nerium epidermal tissue on butterflies is
oleander located at the top and bottom. The
upper epidermal tissue is covered
by a cuticle that can prevent
evaporation of water. Under the
upper epidermal tissue there are
palisade parenchyma (pole tissue)
 which is arranged like a fence and
contains chlorophyll.
 Parenchyma sponges also compose
the leaves of butterflies just below
the palisade parenchymal tissue.
At the bottom there are stomata
and trichomata which are
derivatives of the epidermis.
 The transport file for the process
of transferring the material and the
results of photosynthesis is also
present in this leaf, Ca-oxalate
crystals are also present in it.

3 Leave of
Pinus  In the epidermal tissue there is
mercusii hypodermis, which consists of
parenchymal cells that resemble
fiber.
 In the basic tissues there are
channels of hars which are
characteristic of the stems, roots,
and leaves of pine plants.
 Apart from that it is composed of
parenchymatic cells, has a curve in
the direction of cells containing
chlorophyll. In the embryo tissue,
a single bundle or two bundles are
side by side and are located in the
middle of the leaf surrounded by
transfusion tissue.
  The anatomical structure of pine
leaves, the tissue is arranged
neatly and regularly because pine
trees are classified as
dicotyledonous plants.

4 Leave of  The anatomy of the leaves in the

Colocasia sp taro plant is composed of
epidermis, mesophyll, and
transporting tissue
 The leaves consist of a dermal
tissue system, which includes
mesophyll which contains a lot of
chloroplasts. Mesophyll can be
homogeneous or divided into pole
tissue (palisade) and spongy tissue
(sponges). The pole network is
more compact than the sponge
tissue which has a wide
intercellular space. The pole
network is a number of cells that
extend to the surface of the leaf
blade.
 The epidermis is coated by a thin
and clear layer, this layer is a layer
of wax.
5 Leave of  Leaf type is parallel
Orchidacea  Tissue type is reinforcing
sp sklerenchymal tissue
 The spongy and mesophilic tissue
types are not defined
 The layer is not connected because
of the limitations of the
microscope

6 Leave of  Mesophyll tissue looks thin but in

Ipomea large amounts
aquatic  Consists of pole tissue and sponge
tissue but over parenchymal cells
with chloroplasts with inter cell
space

IV.2 DISCUSSION

1.Leave of Lilium sp

This plant is monocot because of undifferentiated mesophyll. In general, monocot leaves

can be known because the shape of the leaves is similar to the ribbon. At the base has a sheet that
is used to wrap the stem. Then the position of the veins also looks parallel to each other.

Epidermal tissue and also the cuticle are located on the upper surface layer and the lower
surface layer of the leaf. The status can be seen in a row. While the mesophyll section which has
a function in helping make a food substance through photosynthesis is located in the part of the
basin between the veins of the leaves
 Kutikula in this plant is. Epidermis consists of one layer. The form of Xylem Floating
Stomata and Parenchymal Cover Cells are hexagons. Stomata type: amphaticomatic (the stomata
are on the abaxial and adaxial side with almost the same number. The cover cell is parallel to the
fanaceous lamina epidermis. It has no carrier sheath so called C3 plant.

2. Leave of Nerium oleander

Most dauin dorsiventral. These leaves are located horizontally with different upper and
lower surfaces. The surface of the leaf is covered by the epidermis which consists of the upper
epidermis and lower epidermis. At the upper part of the epidermis there is a cuticle which is a
differentiation of the epidermis, thick cuticle serves to prevent excessive transpiration and
protect from injury.
The upper epidermis consists of layers and there is no stoma. In the lower epidermis only
consists of one layer and is equipped with cryptophore stomata which are guarded by kidney-
shaped guard cells. Guard cells support chloroplasts. Stomata open pores into the sub-stomatal
cavity in the mesophyll to facilitate gas exchange.
Mesophyll in Nerium oleander consists of palisade parenchyma cells that are elongated in
shape with the same size as stems arranged in rows so that there is no cavity between cells.
Palisade parenchyma cells are composed of one layer located below the multilateral epidermis.
While the spongy parenchyma is different in shape and size, the location is irregular so that there
are anatarsal joints with each other.
Cells from tissues around a compact vein are arranged to provide mechanical strength.
These cells also store food in the form of starch and protein. In Nerium oleander has pinnate
leaves pinnate with leaf bones of different sizes, depending on the level of branching. These
parallel repetitions are interconnected with very thin bonds and spread across the middle part of
the leaf and form bones, and here branch into smaller leaf bones scattered throughout the leaf
blade. The leaf bone is a smaller parenchyma formed by the chloroplast poor parenchymal tissue
and its supporting tissue is colenchyma. Therefore large bones do not have direct contact with
mesophyll.
The transport file for the process of transferring the material and the results of photosynthesis is
also present in this leaf, Ca-oxalate crystals are also present in it
3 . Leave of Pinus mercusii

In the epidermal tissue there is hypodermis, which consists of parenchymal cells that
resemble fiber.In the basic tissues there are channels of hars which are characteristic of the
stems, roots, and leaves of pine plants. Apart from that it is composed of parenchymatic cells,
has a curve in the direction of cells containing chlorophyll. In the embryo tissue, a single bundle
or two bundles are side by side and are located in the middle of the leaf surrounded by
transfusion tissue. The anatomical structure of pine leaves, the tissue is arranged neatly and
regularly because pine trees are classified as dicotyledonous plants.

4 . Leave of Colocasia sp

On observation of taro leaves (Colocasia) can be seen upper epidermis, lower epidermis,
leaf mesophyll, palisade tissue (poles), spongy tissue (sponges), vascular tissue, stomata,
chlorophyll, and trichomes.

The leaves consist of a dermal tissue system, which includes mesophyll which contains a lot of
chloroplasts. Mesophyll can be homogeneous or divided into pole tissue (palisade) and spongy
tissue (sponges). The pole network is more compact than the sponge tissue which has a wide
intercellular space. The pole network consists of a number of cells that extend perpendicular to
the surface of the leaf blade.

Epidermis tissue is the outermost tissue of the leaves and serves to protect the tissue
beneath it as well as a place for air entry and evaporation, because the epidermis has a stomata
which is a derivative of the epidermis. The epidermis is coated by a thin and clear layer. This
layer is a layer of wax which causes the epidermis to not easily enter water. From this
phenomenon we often see that if the water is about taro leaves, the water will still clot and not be
absorbed by the leaves and eventually fall. This wax coating causes taro leaves as if they are
water repellent.

5 . Leave of Orchidacea sp
 Leaf type is parallel,Tissue type is reinforcing sklerenchymal tissue. The spongy and
mesophilic tissue types are not defined. The layer is not connected because of the limitations of
the microscope
6 . Leave of Ipomea aquatic

Mesophyll tissue looks thin but in large amounts. Consists of pole tissue and sponge
tissue but over parenchymal cells with chloroplasts with inter cell space, The anatomical
structure of hydrophytic plants is less diverse compared to xerophytic plants. Factors that affect
the structure of aquatic plants or hydrofits usually depend on temperature, water, concentration
and composition of salt in water. Aquatic plants have few supporting and protective tissues, the
number of tissue vessels is small, xylem shrinks, and has air space.