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    Solid Nodes Hollow Internodes: (Culm)

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    Labib Hasnain
    The document describes the morphology of a grass plant. It has hollow stems called culms with nodes and internodes. The leaves have parallel veins and sheaths that wrap around the stem. The inflorescence is a spike of spikelets with two-rowed florets. Each floret contains lodicules, stamens, and a single ovary. The fruit is a caryopsis. Key identifying features include the inflorescence type, versatile anthers, and plumose stigmas. Related crops include rice, sugarcane, maize, barley, and millet.

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    Solid Nodes Hollow Internodes: (Culm)

    Uploaded by

    Labib Hasnain
    69 views16 pages
    The document describes the morphology of a grass plant. It has hollow stems called culms with nodes and internodes. The leaves have parallel veins and sheaths that wrap around the stem. The inflorescence is a spike of spikelets with two-rowed florets. Each floret contains lodicules, stamens, and a single ovary. The fruit is a caryopsis. Key identifying features include the inflorescence type, versatile anthers, and plumose stigmas. Related crops include rice, sugarcane, maize, barley, and millet.

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    The document describes the morphology of a grass plant. It has hollow stems called culms with nodes and internodes. The leaves have parallel veins and sheaths that wrap around the stem. The inflorescence is a spike of spikelets with two-rowed florets. Each floret contains lodicules, stamens, and a single ovary. The fruit is a caryopsis. Key identifying features include the inflorescence type, versatile anthers, and plumose stigmas. Related crops include rice, sugarcane, maize, barley, and millet.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    69 views16 pages

    Solid Nodes Hollow Internodes: (Culm)

    Uploaded by

    Labib Hasnain
    The document describes the morphology of a grass plant. It has hollow stems called culms with nodes and internodes. The leaves have parallel veins and sheaths that wrap around the stem. The inflorescence is a spike of spikelets with two-rowed florets. Each floret contains lodicules, stamens, and a single ovary. The fruit is a caryopsis. Key identifying features include the inflorescence type, versatile anthers, and plumose stigmas. Related crops include rice, sugarcane, maize, barley, and millet.

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    You are on page 1of 16

    Habit : Cultivated annual herb

    solid nodes
    (culm

    hollow internodes

    Simple,The leaf blade is thin lanceolate entire


    acute and hairy with parallel venation
    Erect simple herbaceous usually glabrous
    cylindrical with 5-7 solid nodes and hollow internodes
    The internodes are shorter at base and increasing
    with height of the stem.
    Adventitious and fibrous.
    A thin membranous,
    colorless and jagged
    ligule present at inner
    side of the junction of
    leaf blade and leaf
    sheath

    two clamp shaped hairy


    auricles at both
    ends of the junction.

    isobilateral and is divided into leaf sheath


    and leaf blade
    The leaf sheath is thick, fleshy and amplexicaul.

    sheath pulvinus.
    The terminal leaf, which
    encloses the inflorescence,
    is flag leaf.
    Inflorescence

    Spike of spikelets
    Spikelet
    Sessile,

    borne on
    unbranched and
    zigzagged rachis,

    arranged in two
    rows with a single
    terminal spikelet.
    Glume 1 Glume 2

    It is composed of a minute rachilla, variable number of


    florets (3-7) and boat shaped two empty glumes
    Lower florets are fertile while
    Floret upper florets are sterile.

    Fertile floret consists of a


    lemma, a palea and a flower.

    Lemma is large, boat shaped


    and awned.

    Palea is small, thin and


    membranous.
    Flower
    Minute sessile bracteate incomplete
    bisexual zygomorphic

    irregular and hypogynous

    Lodicule

    The perianth is represented by 2 broad, thick, fleshy


    and transparent lodicules, lies beneath the ovary.
    Androecium

    Anther

    Filament

    Stamens-3 polyandrous (free) filament short and slender

    anther large 2-lobed (dithecous) versatile


    Gynoecium

    Stigma

    Style

    Ovary

    Carpel-1 (monocarpellary), ovary superior and unilocular

    stigma bifurcated and feathery style reduced placentation- basal


    Floral formula: Br. % O P 2 (lodicules) A 3 G 1
    +
    Family : Gramineae/ Poaceae
    Identifying Characters:
    i. Inflorescence spike of spikelets.
    ii. Anther versatile and stigma plumose type.
    iii. Fruit caryopsis.
    iv Stem culm

    Other related crops:


    Rice: Oryza sativa
    Sugarcane: Saccharum officinarum
    Maize: Zea mays
    Barley: Hordeum vulgare
    Millet: Sorghum vulgare
    Conclusion:

     Inflorescence = Spike of spikelets


     Spikelet = 2 empty glumes + florets
     Floret = A lemma + a palea + a flower
     Flower = 2 lodicules + Androecium +
    a gynoecium

     Fruit = Caryopsis

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