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    Animal Form and Function: C E L P

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    Joshua Miguel Buno
    This module covers the structure and function of animal organ systems including the integumentary system, skeletal system, and muscular system of both invertebrates and vertebrates. It describes the key components and features of these systems for different animal types, such as the hydrostatic skeleton of worms, exoskeleton of arthropods, and endoskeleton of vertebrates. The objectives are for students to understand the anatomy and physiology of these organ systems and how they allow for animal movement.

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    Animal Form and Function: C E L P

    Uploaded by

    Joshua Miguel Buno
    168 views38 pages
    This module covers the structure and function of animal organ systems including the integumentary system, skeletal system, and muscular system of both invertebrates and vertebrates. It describes the key components and features of these systems for different animal types, such as the hydrostatic skeleton of worms, exoskeleton of arthropods, and endoskeleton of vertebrates. The objectives are for students to understand the anatomy and physiology of these organ systems and how they allow for animal movement.

    Original Title

    MODULE-5-Animal-Form-and-Function

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    This module covers the structure and function of animal organ systems including the integumentary system, skeletal system, and muscular system of both invertebrates and vertebrates. It describes the key components and features of these systems for different animal types, such as the hydrostatic skeleton of worms, exoskeleton of arthropods, and endoskeleton of vertebrates. The objectives are for students to understand the anatomy and physiology of these organ systems and how they allow for animal movement.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    168 views38 pages

    Animal Form and Function: C E L P

    Uploaded by

    Joshua Miguel Buno
    This module covers the structure and function of animal organ systems including the integumentary system, skeletal system, and muscular system of both invertebrates and vertebrates. It describes the key components and features of these systems for different animal types, such as the hydrostatic skeleton of worms, exoskeleton of arthropods, and endoskeleton of vertebrates. The objectives are for students to understand the anatomy and physiology of these organ systems and how they allow for animal movement.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 38

    MODULE 4

    Animal Form and Function


    Prepared by:
    Mr. Jay Flores Tandan
    Faculty, College Department

    Centro Escolar Las Piñas


    Objectives
    At the end of this module,
    the students should be able to:
    • Describe the structure and physiology of
    the different organ systems
    • Differentiate the types of skeletons
    • Explain the ability of animals to create
    gross anatomical movements
    Integumentary System
    • Integument
    -external covering of the body
    Functions:
    Protection from mechanical and
    chemical injury and invasion by
    microorganism;
    Regulation of body temperature;
    Excretion of waste materials;
    Formation of vitamin D3;
    Reception of environmental
    stimuli;
    Locomotion;
    Movement of nutrient and gases
    • Integumentary System of
    Invertebrates

    Integument
    -for most multicellular invertebrates
    -consists of single layer of
    columnar epithelial cells
    (Epidermis)
    may possess cilia, glandular cells;
    basement membrane;
    connective tissue (fibers and cells)
    Zoology 10th Ed. by Miller and Harley, p. 436
    • Integumentary System of
    Vertebrates

    Skin
    -vertebrate integument
    -largest organ; grows with the
    animal
    Epidermis
    -consists of epithelial tissue
    (one to several cells thick)

    Dermis
    -includes connective tissue:
    collagenous, reticular and elastic
    fibers
    Hypodermis
    -comprise of loose connective
    tissue, adipose tissue, and nerve
    endings
    -separates the skin from deeper
    tissues
    Integrated Principles of Zoology 17th Ed. by Hickman Jr. et al., p. 641
    Zoology 10th Ed. by Miller and Harley, p. 439
    Skeletal System
    • Skeletal System of Invertebrates

    Kinds of Skeleton
    Hydrostatic skeleton
    Exoskeleton
    Endoskeleton
    Hydrostatic skeleton
    -compose of core of liquid (water
    or a body fluid such as blood) and
    sheath of longitudinal and
    circular muscles
    Zoology 10th Ed. by Miller and Harley, p. 441
    Contracting muscles push
    against a hydrostatic skeleton,
    and the transmitted force
    generates body movements

    Example: Sea anemone


    Alternately contracting its
    longitudinal and circular muscles

    Example: Earthworm
    Lumbricus terrestris
    Exoskeleton
    -also have locomotor functions
    (site for muscle attachment and
    counterforces for muscle
    movements);
    secondary functions: support and
    protect the body
    Zoology 10th Ed. by Miller and Harley, p. 442
    Endoskeleton
    -use for protection and support
    Endoskeleton of sponges
    -made up of mineral spicules and
    fibers of spongin

    Endoskeleton of
    echinoderms (sea stars, sea
    urchins)
    -made up of small, calcareous plates
    (Ossicles)
    Zoology 10th Ed. by Miller and Harley, p. 153
    Zoology 10th Ed. by Miller and Harley, p. 304
    • Skeletal System of Vertebrates

    Endoskeleton
    -enclosed by other body tissues
    -comprise of connective tissues:
    cartilage and bone
    Integrated Principles of Zoology 17th Ed. by Hickman Jr. et al., p. 192
    Zoology 10th Ed. by Miller and Harley, p. 444
    Muscular System
    • Muscular System of
    Invertebrates

    Functional differences between


    invertebrate muscles and
    vertebrate skeletal muscles:
    At least two motor nerves
    innervate a typical muscle fiber
    (one motor nerve fiber causes a
    fast contraction while the other a
    slow contraction)

    Example: Arthropods
    Upward wing movement (rather
    than a nerve impulse) activates
    the muscles that produce the
    downstroke

    Example:
    Insect (bees, wasps, flies, beetles)
    • Muscular System of
    Vertebrates

    Skeletal muscles
    -attach to vertebrate
    endoskeleton
    Tendon
    -tough, fibrous bands or cords;
    join skeletal muscles to the
    skeleton
    Zoology 10th Ed. by Miller and Harley, p. 31
    Ward’s Science+ Frog Visual Dissection Guide by Hofgesang
    References
    • Dela Paz, Reynaldo M., Annabelle A. Herrera and Edna A.
    Amparado. Lecture Notes on Zoology. Quezon City: ACLC Trading
    Enterprises, 2006

    • Hickman Jr., Cleveland P. et al. Integrated Principles of Zoology.


    17th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill Education, 2017

    • Miller, Stephen A. and John P. Harley. Zoology.10th ed.


    New York: McGraw-Hill Education, 2016

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