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    Perception and Individual Making

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    Lida Morik
    Perception is influenced by factors related to the perceiver, situation, and target. Individual decision making is based on perception rather than objective reality. There are biases and errors in how people make attributions about others, such as the fundamental attribution error and self-serving bias. Mental shortcuts like selective perception and stereotyping also influence perception. While rational decision making aims to be comprehensive, models recognize people often use bounded rationality and intuition due to limitations of time and information.

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    Perception and Individual Making

    Uploaded by

    Lida Morik
    31 views7 pages
    Perception is influenced by factors related to the perceiver, situation, and target. Individual decision making is based on perception rather than objective reality. There are biases and errors in how people make attributions about others, such as the fundamental attribution error and self-serving bias. Mental shortcuts like selective perception and stereotyping also influence perception. While rational decision making aims to be comprehensive, models recognize people often use bounded rationality and intuition due to limitations of time and information.

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    Perception is influenced by factors related to the perceiver, situation, and target. Individual decision making is based on perception rather than objective reality. There are biases and errors in how people make attributions about others, such as the fundamental attribution error and self-serving bias. Mental shortcuts like selective perception and stereotyping also influence perception. While rational decision making aims to be comprehensive, models recognize people often use bounded rationality and intuition due to limitations of time and information.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    31 views7 pages

    Perception and Individual Making

    Uploaded by

    Lida Morik
    Perception is influenced by factors related to the perceiver, situation, and target. Individual decision making is based on perception rather than objective reality. There are biases and errors in how people make attributions about others, such as the fundamental attribution error and self-serving bias. Mental shortcuts like selective perception and stereotyping also influence perception. While rational decision making aims to be comprehensive, models recognize people often use bounded rationality and intuition due to limitations of time and information.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 7

    PERCEPTION & INDIVIDUAL DECISION M

    AKING
    M. FADLIL KIROM (17102066)
    M. RAIHAN AL FATHI (17102067)
    Perception

    • Definition of Perception: A process by which individuals organize and interpret their sensory impressions in
    order to give meaning to their environment
    • People’s behavior is based on their perception of what reality is, not on reality itself
    • The world as it is perceived is the world that is behaviorally important

    2
    Factors that Influence Perception

    Perceiver Situation Target

    Attitudes, motives, interes Time, work setting, social novelty, motion, sounds, s
    ts experiences, expectatio setting ize, background, proximit
    ns y, similarity

    3
    Attribution Theory – judging others
    Our perception and judgment of others is significantly influenced by our assumptions of the other person’s internal state.
    When individuals observe behavior, they attempt to determine whether it is internally or externally caused.

    Distinctiveness
    Shows different behaviors in different situations.
    High, External : Low, Internal

    Consensus
    Consistency
    Response is
    Responds in the
    the same
    same as
    wayothers
    over to
    time
    same situation.
    High, Internal
    External :: Low,
    Low, External
    Internal

    4
    Errors and Biases in Attributions

    Fundamental Attribution Error Self-Serving Bias


    tendency to underestimate the influence tendency for individuals to attribute thei
    of external factors and overestimate the r own successes to internal factors while
    influence of internal factors when makin putting the blame for failures on externa
    g judgments about the behavior of other l factors
    s

    5
    Mental Shortcuts - Individuals

    Selective Perception Contrast Effects


    People selectively interpret what they see Affected by comparisons with other peopl
    on the basis of their interests, background, e recently encountered who rank higher or
    experience, and attitudes lower on the same characteristics

    Halo Effect Stereotyping


    Drawing a general impression about an in Judging someone on the basis of our perce
    dividual on the basis of a single characteris ption of the group to which he or she belo
    tic (favorable) ngs - simplify complex world, maintain con
    sistency

    6
    Decision-Making Models in Organizatio
    ns

    Rational Decision-making Model


    • The decision maker has complete information
    • Is able to identify all the relevant options in unbiased manner (people might satisfice)
    • Six-step decision-making process,

    Bounded Reality
    Intuition
    •A non-conscious
    The “real world” process created
    model: Most from distilled
    people respondexperience thatproblem
    to a complex results inby
    quick decisions
    reducing the problem to a level at which it can
    be readily
    •Relies understood.
    on holistic associations or links between disparate pieces of information
    •It’s
    Seeksfastsatisfactory
    and affectively
    andcharged – engaging
    sufficient the
    solutions emotions
    from limited data and alternatives

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