The document discusses different types of internal combustion engines including their classifications based on combustion type, cylinder configuration, valve location, and stroke. It also covers key engine components like pistons, cylinders, valves, and carburetors. Specific engine types are examined in more detail including 4-stroke and 2-stroke engines as well as different carburetor designs used to mix fuel and air.
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The document discusses different types of internal combustion engines including their classifications based on combustion type, cylinder configuration, valve location, and stroke. It also covers key engine components like pistons, cylinders, valves, and carburetors. Specific engine types are examined in more detail including 4-stroke and 2-stroke engines as well as different carburetor designs used to mix fuel and air.
The document discusses different types of internal combustion engines including their classifications based on combustion type, cylinder configuration, valve location, and stroke. It also covers key engine components like pistons, cylinders, valves, and carburetors. Specific engine types are examined in more detail including 4-stroke and 2-stroke engines as well as different carburetor designs used to mix fuel and air.
Copyright:
Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
The document discusses different types of internal combustion engines including their classifications based on combustion type, cylinder configuration, valve location, and stroke. It also covers key engine components like pistons, cylinders, valves, and carburetors. Specific engine types are examined in more detail including 4-stroke and 2-stroke engines as well as different carburetor designs used to mix fuel and air.
Copyright:
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Automobile Engineering
Engine Parts
Piston and Piston Rings
Parts
OHV Engine Design
4-cylinder 8 valves OHV engine
OHC or SOHC Engine
4-cylinder 8 valves SOHC engine
DOHC or Twin cam engine
4-cylinder 16 valves DOHC engine
ME240/107S: Engine Dissection
You are dissecting a 3.5 HP single cylinder, 4 cycle engine, made by Briggs & Stratton in Milwaukee, WI
These engines are typically used in lawn mowers, snow blowers, go-carts, etc
of vertical travel of the piston from bottom dead center (BDC) to top dead center (TDC) TDC
Displacement (D) space
displaced by the piston during a stroke D= (stroke)(p)(Bore)2/4
Bore BDC
Engine Terminology: Compression Ratio
Compression ratio (CR):
ratio
of total volume to the volume of the combustion chamber spark ignition engines have CR = 7-12 CR = (C + D)/C where C = volume of combustion chamber D = displacement
Classification of Engines
External vs. Internal Combustion Spark Ignition vs. Compression Ignition
Cylinder Configuration Valve Location
2 Stroke or 4 Stroke
Engine Classification: External vs. Internal Combustion
External combustion combustion
of an air-fuel mixture transfers heat to a second fluid which becomes the motive (working) fluid that produces power E.g., steam driven engine
Internal combustion the
products of combustion are the motive fluid
Engine Classification: Spark vs. Compression Ignition
Spark ignition (SI) engines
a
compressed, homogeneous air-fuel mixture (15:1 ratio of air to fuel by mass) is ignited using a spark
Compression ignition (CI) engines
rapid
compression of air to a high pressure raises the temperature so that fuel, when delivered into combustion chamber, spontaneously ignites without need for a spark often referred to as a Diesel engine
Engine Classification: Cylinder Configurations
In Line (Automobile) V (Automobile) Horizontally Opposed (Subaru)
Radial (Aircraft)
Opposed Piston (crankshafts geared together)
Engine Classification: Valve Location
Most common: overhead-valve or I-head
Intake valve
Exhaust valve
Engine Classification: 2 Stroke
Compression (ports closed) Air Taken Into Crankcase
Exhaust Combustion (ports closed) (intake port closed)
Intake Stroke Intake valve opens, admitting fuel and air. Exhaust valve closed for most of stroke
Compression Stroke Both valves closed, Fuel/air mixture is compressed by rising piston. Spark ignites mixture near end of stroke.
Power Stroke Fuel-air mixture burns, increasing temperature and pressure, expansion of combustion gases drives piston down. Both valves closed - exhaust valve opens near end of stroke
Exhaust Stroke Exhaust valve open, exhaust products are displaced from cylinder. Intake valve opens near end of stroke.
Briggs Engine - Intake
Compression
Power Stroke
Exhaust Stroke
Carburetors
Purpose of the carburetor is to produce a mixture of fuel and air on which the engine can operate Must produce economical fuel consumption and smooth engine operation over a wide range of speeds
Requires complicated device rather than a simple mixing valve; price is very important!
Venturi (nozzle)
Use force of atmospheric pressure and artificially created low pressure area to mix fuel and air Use a venturi nozzle to lower air pressure in carburetor to create suction to pull fuel into air
Constant level is maintained in bowl as float moves down, valve stem moves down, allowing more fuel into bowl, float moves up and closes valve
Fuel Nozzle
Inlet Air
Metering Orifice
Ref. Obert
Flo-Jet Carburetor
Fuel tank is above carburetor Fuel is fed directly to carburetor by gravity Why the vent?
Flo-Jet Carburetor Air-fuel mixture
Fuel from tank
Air flow
Pulsa-Jet Carburetor
Incorporates a diaphragm type fuel pump and a constant level fuel chamber
Pulsa-Jet Carburetor Operation
Intake stroke of piston creates a vacuum in carburetor elbow Pulls cap A and pump diaphragm B inward and compresses spring Vacuum thus created on cover side of diaphragm pulls fuel up suction pipe S into intake valve D
Pulsa-Jet Carburetor Operation
When engine intake stroke is complete, spring C pushes plunger A outward Gasoline in pocket above diaphragm to close inlet valve D and open discharge valve E
Fuel is then pumped into fuel cup F
Pulsa-Jet Carburetor Operation
Venturi in carburetor is connected to intake pipe I which draws gasoline from fuel cup F
Process is repeated on the next stroke, keeping the fuel cup full Since fuel cup level is constant, engine gets constant air-fuel ratio
Parts of an IC Engine
Name as many parts as you can
Name: ________________ CROSS SECTION OF OVERHEAD VALVE FOUR CYCLE SI ENGINE
