Object Oriented Programming using C++

Questions and Answers – OOPs Basic Conc…

This set of Object Oriented Programming (OOPs) using C++ Multiple Choice Questions &
Answers (MCQs) focuses on “OOP Basic Concepts”.

1. Which was the first purely object oriented programming language developed?
a) Java
b) C++
c) SmallTalk
d) Kotlin
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: SmallTalk was the first programming language developed which was purely
object oriented. It was developed by Alan Kay. OOP concept came into the picture in
1970’s.

2. Which of the following best defines a class?

a) Parent of an object
b) Instance of an object
c) Blueprint of an object
d) Scope of an object
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: A class is Blueprint of an object which describes/ shows all the functions and
data that are provided by an object of a specific class. It can’t be called as parent or
instance of an object. Class in general describes all the properties of an object.

3. Who invented OOP?

a) Alan Kay
b) Andrea Ferro
c) Dennis Ritchie
d) Adele Goldberg
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: Alan Kay invented OOP, Andrea Ferro was a part of SmallTalk Development.
Dennis invented C++ and Adele Goldberg was in team to develop SmallTalk but Alan
actually had got rewarded for OOP.
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4. What is the additional feature in classes that was not in structures?
a) Data members
b) Member functions
c) Static data allowed
d) Public access specifier
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: Member functions are allowed inside a class but were not present in structure
concept. Data members, static data and public access specifiers were present in structures
too.

5. Which is not feature of OOP in general definitions?

a) Code reusability
b) Modularity
c) Duplicate/Redundant data
d) Efficient Code
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: Duplicate/Redundant data is dependent on programmer and hence can’t be
guaranteed by OOP. Code reusability is done using inheritance. Modularity is supported by
using different code files and classes. Codes are more efficient because of features of
OOP.

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6. Pure OOP can be implemented without using class in a program. (True or False)
a) True
b) False
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: It’s false because for a program to be pure OO, everything must be written
inside classes. If this rule is violated, the program can’t be labelled as purely OO.

7. Which Feature of OOP illustrated the code reusability?

a) Polymorphism
b) Abstraction
c) Encapsulation
d) Inheritance
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: Using inheritance we can reuse the code already written and also can avoid
creation of many new functions or variables, as that can be done one time and be reused,
using classes.

8. Which language does not support all 4 types of inheritance?

a) C++
b) Java
c) Kotlin
d) Small Talk
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: Java doesn’t support all 4 types of inheritance. It doesn’t support multiple
inheritance. But the multiple inheritance can be implemented using interfaces in Java.

9. How many classes can be defined in a single program?

a) Only 1
b) Only 100
c) Only 999
d) As many as you want
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: Any number of classes can be defined inside a program, provided that their
names are different. In java, if public class is present then it must have the same name as
that of file.

10. When OOP concept did first came into picture?

a) 1970’s
b) 1980’s
c) 1993
d) 1995
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: OOP first came into picture in 1970’s by Alan and his team. Later it was used
by some programming languages and got implemented successfully, SmallTalk was first
language to use pure OOP and followed all rules strictly.

11. Why Java is Partially OOP language?

a) It supports usual declaration of primitive data types
b) It doesn’t support all types of inheritance
c) It allows code to be written outside classes
d) It does not support pointers
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: As Java supports usual declaration of data variables, it is partial
implementation of OOP. Because according to rules of OOP, object constructors must be
used, even for declaration of variables.

12. Which concept of OOP is false for C++?

a) Code can be written without using classes
b) Code must contain at least one class
c) A class must have member functions
d) At least one object should be declared in code
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: In C++, it’s not necessary to use classes, and hence codes can be written
without using OOP concept. Classes may or may not contain member functions, so it’s not
a necessary condition in C++. And, an object can only be declared in a code if its class is
defined/included via header file.

13. Which header file is required in C++ to use OOP?

a) iostream.h
b) stdio.h
c) stdlib.h
d) OOP can be used without using any header file
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: We need not include any specific header file to use OOP concept in C++, only
specific functions used in code need their respective header files to be included or classes
should be defined if needed.

14. Which of the two features match each other?

a) Inheritance and Encapsulation
b) Encapsulation and Polymorphism
c) Encapsulation and Abstraction
d) Abstraction and Polymorphism
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: Encapsulation and Abstraction are similar features. Encapsulation is actually
binding all the properties in a single class or we can say hiding all the features of object
inside a class. And Abstraction is hiding unwanted data (for user) and showing only the data
required by the user of program.

15. Which feature allows open recursion, among the following?

a) Use of this pointer
b) Use of pointers
c) Use of pass by value
d) Use of parameterized constructor
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: Use of this pointer allows an object to call data and methods of itself whenever
needed. This helps us call the members of an object recursively, and differentiate the
variables of different scopes.

Object Oriented Programming using C++

Questions and Answers – Classes
This set of Object Oriented Programming (OOPs) using C++ Multiple Choice Questions &
Answers (MCQs) focuses on “Classes”.

1. Which of the following is not type of class?

a) Abstract Class
b) Final Class
c) Start Class
d) String Class
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: Only 9 types of classes are provided in general, namely, abstract, final,
mutable, wrapper, anonymous, input-output, string, system, network. We may further divide
the classes into parent class and subclass if inheritance is used.

2. Class is pass by _______

a) Value
b) Reference
c) Value or Reference, depending on program
d) Copy
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: Classes are pass by reference, and the structures are pass by copy. It doesn’t
depend on the program.

3. What is default access specifier for data members or member functions declared within a
class without any specifier, in C++?
a) Private
b) Protected
c) Public
d) Depends on compiler
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: The data members and member functions are Private by default in C++
classes, if none of the access specifier is used. It is actually made to increase the privacy of
data.
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4. Which is most appropriate comment on following class definition?

class Student
{
int a;
public : float a;
};

a) Error : same variable name can’t be used twice

b) Error : Public must come first
c) Error : data types are different for same variable
d) It is correct
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: Same variable can’t be defined twice in same scope. Even if the data types are
different, variable name must be different. There is no rule like Public member should come
first or last.

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5. Which is known as a generic class?

a) Abstract class
b) Final class
c) Template class
d) Efficient Code
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: Template classes are known to be generic classes because those can be used
for any data type value and the same class can be used for all the variables of different data
types.
6. Size of a class is _____________
a) Sum of the size of all the variables declared inside the class
b) Sum of the size of all the variables along with inherited variables in the class
c) Size of the largest size of variable
d) Classes doesn’t have any size
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: Classes doesn’t have any size, actually the size of object of the class can be
defined. That is done only when an object is created and its constructor is called.

7. Which class can have member functions without their implementation?

a) Default class
b) String class
c) Template class
d) Abstract class
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: Abstract classes can have member functions with no implementation, where
the inheriting subclasses must implement those functions.

8. Which of the following describes a friend class?

a) Friend class can access all the private members of the class, of which it is a friend
b) Friend class can only access protected members of the class, of which it is a friend
c) Friend class don’t have any implementation
d) Friend class can’t access any data member of another class but can use it’s methods
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: A friend class can access all the private members of another class, of which it
is a friend. It is a special class provided to use when you need to reuse the data of a class
but don’t want that class to have those special functions.

9. What is the scope of a class nested inside another class?

a) Protected scope
b) Private scope
c) Global scope
d) Depends on access specifier and inheritance used
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: It depends on the access specifier and the type of inheritance used with the
class, because if the class is inherited then the nested class can be used by subclass too,
provided it’s not of private type.

10. Class with main() function can be inherited.

a) True
b) False
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: The class containing main function can be inherited and hence the program
can be executed using the derived class names also in java.
11. Which among the following is false, for a member function of a class?
a) All member functions must be defined
b) Member functions can be defined inside or outside the class body
c) Member functions need not be declared inside the class definition
d) Member functions can be made friend to another class using the friend keyword
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: Member functions must be declared inside class body, though the definition
can be given outside the class body. There is no way to declare the member functions
outside the class.

12. Which syntax for class definition is wrong?

a) class student{ };
b) student class{ };
c) class student{ public: student(int a){ } };
d) class student{ student(int a){} };
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: Keyword class should come first. Class name should come after keyword
class. Parameterized constructor definition depends on programmer so it can be left empty
also.

13. Which of the following pairs are similar?

a) Class and object
b) Class and structure
c) Structure and object
d) Structure and functions
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: Class and structure are similar to each other. Only major difference is that a
structure doesn’t have member functions whereas the class can have both data members
and member functions.

14. Which among the following is false for class features?

a) Classes may/may not have both data members and member functions
b) Class definition must be ended with a colon
c) Class can have only member functions with no data members
d) Class is similar to union and structures
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: Class definition must end with a semicolon, not colon. Class can have only
member functions in its body with no data members.

15. Instance of which type of class can’t be created?

a) Anonymous class
b) Nested class
c) Parent class
d) Abstract class
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: Instance of abstract class can’t be created as it will not have any constructor of
its own, hence while creating an instance of class, it can’t initialize the object members.
Actually the class inheriting the abstract class can have its instance because it will have
implementation of all members.

Object Oriented Programming using C++

Questions and Answers – Objects
This set of Object Oriented Programming (OOPs) using C++ Multiple Choice Questions &
Answers (MCQs) focuses on “Objects”.

1. Which definition best describes an object?

a) Instance of a class
b) Instance of itself
c) Child of a class
d) Overview of a class
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: An object is instance of its class. It can be declared in the same way that a
variable is declared, only thing is you have to use class name as the data type.

2. How many objects can be declared of a specific class in a single program?

a) 32768
b) 127
c) 1
d) As many as you want
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: You can create as many objects of a specific class as you want, provided
enough memory is available.

3. Which among the following is false?

a) Object must be created before using members of a class
b) Memory for an object is allocated only after its constructor is called
c) Objects can’t be passed by reference
d) Objects size depends on its class data members
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: Objects can be passed by reference. Objects can be passed by value also. If
the object of a class is not created, we can’t use members of that class.
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4. Which of the following is incorrect?
a) class student{ }s;
b) class student{ }; student s;
c) class student{ }s[];
d) class student{ }; student s[5];
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: The array must be specified with a size. You can’t declare object array, or any
other linear array without specifying its size. It’s a mandatory field.

5. The object can’t be __________

a) Passed by reference
b) Passed by value
c) Passed by copy
d) Passed as function
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: Object can’t be passed as function as it is an instance of some class, it’s not a
function. Object can be passed by reference, value or copy. There is no term defined as
pass as function for objects.

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6. What is size of the object of following class (64 bit system)?

class student { int rollno; char name[20]; static int studentno; };

a) 20
b) 22
c) 24
d) 28
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: The size of any object of student class will be of size 4+20=24, because static
members are not really considered as property of a single object. So static variables size
will not be added.

7. Functions can’t return objects.

a) True
b) False
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: Functions can always return an object if the return type is same as that of
object being returned. Care has to be taken while writing the prototype of the function.

8. How members of an object are accessed?

a) Using dot operator/period symbol
b) Using scope resolution operator
c) Using member names directly
d) Using pointer only
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: Using dot operator after the name of object we can access its members. It is
not necessary to use the pointers. We can’t use the names directly because it may be used
outside the class.

9. If a local class is defined in a function, which of the following is true for an object of that
class?
a) Object is accessible outside the function
b) Object can be declared inside any other function
c) Object can be used to call other class members
d) Object can be used/accessed/declared locally in that function
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: For an object which belongs to a local class, it is mandatory to declare and use
the object within the function because the class is accessible locally within the class only.

10. Which among the following is wrong?

a) class student{ }; student s;
b) abstract class student{ }; student s;
c) abstract class student{ }s[50000000];
d) abstract class student{ }; class toppers: public student{ }; topper t;
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: We can never create instance of an abstract class. Abstract classes doesn’t
have constructors and hence when an instance is created there is no facility to initialize its
members. Option d is correct because topper class is inheriting the base abstract class
student, and hence topper class object can be created easily.

11. Object declared in main() function _____________

a) Can be used by any other function
b) Can be used by main() function of any other program
c) Can’t be used by any other function
d) Can be accessed using scope resolution operator
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: The object declared in main() have local scope inside main() function only. It
can’t be used outside main() function. Scope resolution operator is used to access globally
declared variables/objects.

12. When an object is returned___________

a) A temporary object is created to return the value
b) The same object used in function is used to return the value
c) The Object can be returned without creation of temporary object
d) Object are returned implicitly, we can’t say how it happens inside program
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: A temporary object is created to return the value. It is created because the
object used in function is destroyed as soon as the function is returned. The temporary
variable returns the value and then gets destroyed.
13. Which among the following is correct?
a) class student{ }s1,s2; s1.student()=s2.student();
b) class student{ }s1; class topper{ }t1; s1=t1;
c) class student{ }s1,s2; s1=s2;
d) class student{ }s1; class topper{ }t1; s1.student()=s2.topper();
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: Only if the objects are of same class then their data can be copied from to
another using assignment operator. This actually comes under operator overloading. Class
constructors can’t be assigned any explicit value as in option class student{ }s1; class
topper{ }t1; s1=t1; and class student{ }s1; class topper{ }t1; s1.student()=s2.topper();.

14. Which among following is correct for initializing the class below?

class student{
int marks;
int cgpa;
public: student(int i, int j){
marks=I;
cgpa=j
}
};

a) student s[3]={ s(394, 9); s(394, 9); s(394,9); };

b) student s[2]={ s(394,9), s(222,5) };
c) student s[2]={ s1(392,9), s2(222,5) };
d) student s[2]={ s[392,9], s2[222,5] };
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: It is the way we can initialize the data members for an object array using
parameterized constructor. We can do this to pass our own intended values to initialize the
object array data.

15. Object can’t be used with pointers because they belong to user defined class, and
compiler can’t decide the type of data may be used inside the class.
a) True
b) False
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: The explanation given is wrong because object can always be used with
pointers like with any other variables. Compiler doesn’t have to know the structure of the
class to use a pointer because the pointers only points to a memory address/stores that
address

Object Oriented Programming using C++

Questions and Answers – OOPs Features
This set of Object Oriented Programming (OOPs) using C++ Multiple Choice Questions &
Answers (MCQs) focuses on “OOP Features”.
1. Which feature of OOP indicates code reusability?
a) Encapsulation
b) Inheritance
c) Abstraction
d) Polymorphism
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: Inheritance indicates the code reusability. Encapsulation and abstraction are
meant to hide/group data into one element. Polymorphism is to indicate different tasks
performed by a single entity.

2. If a function can perform more than 1 type of tasks, where the function name remains
same, which feature of OOP is used here?
a) Encapsulation
b) Inheritance
c) Polymorphism
d) Abstraction
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: For the feature given above, the OOP feature used is Polymorphism. Example
of polymorphism in real life is a kid, who can be a student, a son, a brother depending on
where he is.

3. If different properties and functions of a real world entity is grouped or embedded into a
single element, what is it called in OOP language?
a) Inheritance
b) Polymorphism
c) Abstraction
d) Encapsulation
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: It is Encapsulation, which groups different properties and functions of a real
world entity into single element. Abstraction, on other hand, is hiding of functional or exact
working of codes and showing only the things which are required by the user.
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4. Which of the following is not a feature of pure OOP?
a) Classes must be used
b) Inheritance
c) Data may/may not be declared using object
d) Functions Overloading
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: Data must be declared using objects. Object usage is mandatory because it in
turn calls its constructors, which in turn must have a class defined. If object is not used, it is
a violation of pure OOP concept.

5. Which among the following doesn’t come under OOP concept?

a) Platform independent
b) Data binding
c) Message passing
d) Data hiding
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: Platform independence is not feature of OOP. C++ supports OOP but it’s not a
platform independent language. Platform independence depends on programming
language.

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6. Which feature of OOP is indicated by the following code?

class student{ int marks; };

class topper:public student{ int age; topper(int age){ this.age=age; } };

a) Inheritance
b) Polymorphism
c) Inheritance and polymorphism
d) Encapsulation and Inheritance
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: Encapsulation is indicated by use of classes. Inheritance is shown by inheriting
the student class into topper class. Polymorphism is not shown here because we have
defined the constructor in the topper class but that doesn’t mean that default constructor is
overloaded.

7. Which feature may be violated if we don’t use classes in a program?

a) Inheritance can’t be implemented
b) Object must be used is violated
c) Encapsulation only is violated
d) Basically all the features of OOP gets violated
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: All the features are violated because Inheritance and Encapsulation won’t be
implemented. Polymorphism and Abstraction are still possible in some cases, but the main
features like data binding, object use and etc won’t be used hence the use of class is must
for OOP concept.

8. How many basic features of OOP are required for a programming language to be purely
OOP?
a) 7
b) 6
c) 5
d) 4
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: There are 7 basic features that define whether a programing language is pure
OOP or not. The 4 basic features are inheritance, polymorphism, encapsulation and
abstraction. Further, one is, object use is must, secondly, message passing and lastly,
Dynamic binding.

9. The feature by which one object can interact with another object is _____________
a) Data transfer
b) Data Binding
c) Message Passing
d) Message reading
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: The interaction between two object is called the message passing feature.
Data transfer is not a feature of OOP. Also, message reading is not a feature of OOP.

10. ___________ underlines the feature of Polymorphism in a class.

a) Nested class
b) Enclosing class
c) Inline function
d) Virtual Function
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: Virtual Functions can be defined in any class using the keyword virtual. All the
classes which inherit the class containing the virtual function, define the virtual function as
required. Redefining the function on all the derived classes according to class and use
represents polymorphism.

11. Which feature in OOP is used to allocate additional function to a predefined operator in
any language?
a) Operator Overloading
b) Function Overloading
c) Operator Overriding
d) Function Overriding
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: The feature is operator overloading. There is not a feature named operator
overriding specifically. Function overloading and overriding doesn’t give addition function to
any operator.

12. Which among doesn’t illustrates polymorphism?

a) Function overloading
b) Function overriding
c) Operator overloading
d) Virtual function
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: Function overriding doesn’t illustrate polymorphism because the functions are
actually different and theirs scopes are different. Function and operator overloading
illustrate proper polymorphism. Virtual functions show polymorphism because all the
classes which inherit virtual function, define the same function in different ways.
13. Exception handling is a feature of OOP.
a) True
b) False
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: Exception handling is a feature of OOP as it includes classes concept in most
of the cases. Also it may come handy while using inheritance.

14. Which among the following, for a pure OOP language, is true?
a) The language should follow 3 or more features of OOP
b) The language should follow at least 1 feature of OOP
c) The language must follow only 3 features of OOP
d) The language must follow all the rules of OOP
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: The language must follow all the rules of OOP to be called a purely OOP
language. Even if a single OOP feature is not followed, then it’s known to be a partially OOP
language.

15. Does OOP provide better security than POP?

a) Always true for any programming language
b) May not be true with respect to all programming languages
c) It depends on type of program
d) It’s vice-versa is true
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: It is always true as we have the facility of private and protected access
specifiers. Also, only the public and global data are available globally or else the program
should have proper permission to access the private data.

Object Oriented Programming using C++

Questions and Answers – Polymorphism
This set of Object Oriented Programming (OOPs) using C++ Multiple Choice Questions &
Answers (MCQs) focuses on “Polymorphism”.

1. Which among the following best describes polymorphism?

a) It is the ability for a message/data to be processed in more than one form
b) It is the ability for a message/data to be processed in only 1 form
c) It is the ability for many messages/data to be processed in one way
d) It is the ability for undefined message/data to be processed in at least one way
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: It is actually the ability for a message / data to be processed in more than one
form. The word polymorphism indicates many-forms. So if a single entity takes more than
one form, it is known as polymorphism.
2. What do you call the languages that support classes but not polymorphism?
a) Class based language
b) Procedure Oriented language
c) Object-based language
d) If classes are supported, polymorphism will always be supported
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: The languages which support classes but doesn’t support polymorphism, are
known as object-based languages. Polymorphism is such an important feature, that is a
language doesn’t support this feature, it can’t be called as a OOP language.

3. Which among the following is the language which supports classes but not
polymorphism?
a) SmallTalk
b) Java
c) C++
d) Ada
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: Ada is the language which supports the concept of classes but doesn’t support
the polymorphism feature. It is an object-based programming language. Note that it’s not an
OOP language.

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4. If same message is passed to objects of several different classes and all of those can
respond in a different way, what is this feature called?
a) Inheritance
b) Overloading
c) Polymorphism
d) Overriding
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: The feature defined in question defines polymorphism features. Here the
different objects are capable of responding to the same message in different ways, hence
polymorphism.

5. Which class/set of classes can illustrate polymorphism in the following code?

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abstract class student
{
public : int marks;
calc_grade();
}
class topper:public student
{
public : calc_grade()
{
return 10;
}
};
class average:public student
{
public : calc_grade()
{
return 20;
}
};
class failed{ int marks; };
a) Only class student can show polymorphism
b) Only class student and topper together can show polymorphism
c) All class student, topper and average together can show polymorphism
d) Class failed should also inherit class student for this code to work for polymorphism
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: Since Student class is abstract class and class topper and average are
inheriting student, class topper and average must define the function named calc_grade();
in abstract class. Since both the definition are different in those classes, calc_grade() will
work in different way for same input from different objects. Hence it shows polymorphism.

6. Which type of function among the following shows polymorphism?

a) Inline function
b) Virtual function
c) Undefined functions
d) Class member functions
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: Only virtual functions among these can show polymorphism. Class member
functions can show polymorphism too but we should be sure that the same function is being
overloaded or is a function of abstract class or something like this, since we are not sure
about all these, we can’t say whether it can show polymorphism or not.

7. In case of using abstract class or function overloading, which function is supposed to be

called first?
a) Local function
b) Function with highest priority in compiler
c) Global function
d) Function with lowest priority because it might have been halted since long time, because
of low priority
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: Function with highest priority is called. Here, it’s not about the thread
scheduling in CPU, but it focuses on whether the function in local scope is present or not, or
if scope resolution is used in some way, or if the function matches the argument signature.
So all these things define which function has the highest priority to be called in runtime.
Local function could be one of the answer but we can’t say if someone have used pointer to
another function or same function name.

8. Which among the following can’t be used for polymorphism?

a) Static member functions
b) Member functions overloading
c) Predefined operator overloading
d) Constructor overloading
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: Static member functions are not property of any object. Hence it can’t be
considered for overloading/overriding. For polymorphism, function must be property of
object, not only of class.

9. What is output of the following program?

class student
{
public : int marks;
void disp()
{
cout<<”its base class”
};
class topper:public student
{
public :
void disp()
{
cout<<”Its derived class”;
}
}
void main() { student s; topper t;
s.disp();
t.disp();
}
a) Its base classIts derived class
b) Its base class Its derived class
c) Its derived classIts base class
d) Its derived class Its base class
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: You need to focus on how the output is going to be shown, no space will be
given after first message from base class. And then the message from derived class will be
printed. Function disp() in base class overrides the function of base class being derived.

10. Which among the following can show polymorphism?

a) Overloading ||
b) Overloading +=
c) Overloading <<
d) Overloading &&
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: Only insertion operator can be overloaded among all the given options. And
the polymorphism can be illustrated here only if any of these is applicable of being
overloaded. Overloading is type of polymorphism.

11. Find the output of the following program.

class education
{
char name[10];
public : disp()
{
cout<<”Its education system”;
}
class school:public education
{
public: void dsip()
{
cout<<”Its school education system”;
}
};
void main()
{
school s;
s.disp();
}
}
a) Its school education system
b) Its education system
c) Its school education systemIts education system
d) Its education systemIts school education system
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: Notice that the function name in derived class is different from the function
name in base class. Hence when we call the disp() function, base class function is
executed. No polymorphism is used here.

12. Polymorphism is possible in C language.

a) True
b) False
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: It is possible to implement polymorphism in C language, even though it doesn’t
support class. We can use structures and then declare pointers which in turn points to some
function. In this way we simulate the functions like member functions but not exactly
member function. Now we can overload these functions, hence implementing polymorphism
in C language.
13. Which problem may arise if we use abstract class functions for polymorphism?
a) All classes are converted as abstract class
b) Derived class must be of abstract type
c) All the derived classes must implement the undefined functions
d) Derived classes can’t redefine the function
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: The undefined functions must be defined is a problem, because one may need
to implement few undefined functions from abstract class, but he will have to define each of
the functions declared in abstract class. Being useless task, it is a problem sometimes.

14. Which among the following is not true for polymorphism?

a) It is feature of OOP
b) Ease in readability of program
c) Helps in redefining the same functionality
d) Increases overhead of function definition always
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: It never increases function definition overhead, one way or another if you don’t
use polymorphism, you will use the definition in some other way, so it actually helps to write
efficient codes.

15. If 2 classes derive one base class and redefine a function of base class, also overload
some operators inside class body. Among these two things of function and operator
overloading, where is polymorphism used?
a) Function overloading only
b) Operator overloading only
c) Both of these are using polymorphism
d) Either function overloading or operator overloading because polymorphism can be
applied only once in a program
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: Both of them are using polymorphism. It is not necessary that polymorphism
can be used only once in a program, it can be used anywhere, any number of times in a
single program.

Object Oriented Programming using C++

Questions and Answers – Encapsulation
This set of Object Oriented Programming (OOPs) using C++ Multiple Choice Questions &
Answers (MCQs) focuses on “Encapsulation”.

1. Which among the following best describes encapsulation?

a) It is a way of combining various data members into a single unit
b) It is a way of combining various member functions into a single unit
c) It is a way of combining various data members and member functions into a single unit
which can operate on any data
d) It is a way of combining various data members and member functions that operate on
those data members into a single unit
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: It is a way of combining both data members and member functions, which
operate on those data members, into a single unit. We call it a class in OOP generally. This
feature have helped us modify the structures used in C language to be upgraded into class
in C++ and other languages.

2. If data members are private, what can we do to access them from the class object?
a) Create public member functions to access those data members
b) Create private member functions to access those data members
c) Create protected member functions to access those data members
d) Private data members can never be accessed from outside the class
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: We can define public member functions to access those private data members
and get their value for use or alteration. They can’t be accessed directly but is possible to
be access using member functions. This is done to ensure that the private data doesn’t get
modified accidentally.

3. While using encapsulation, which among the following is possible?

a) Code modification can be additional overhead
b) Data member’s data type can be changed without changing any other code
c) Data member’s type can’t be changed, or whole code have to be changed
d) Member functions can be used to change the data type of data members
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: Data member’s data type can be changed without changing any further code.
All the members using that data can continue in the same way without any modification.
Member functions can never change the data type of same class data members.

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4. Which feature can be implemented using encapsulation?

a) Inheritance
b) Abstraction
c) Polymorphism
d) Overloading
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: Data abstraction can be achieved by using encapsulation. We can hide the
operation and structure of actual program from the user and can show only required
information by the user.

5. Find which of the following uses encapsulation?

a) void main(){ int a; void fun( int a=10; cout<<a); fun(); }
b) class student{ int a; public: int b;};
c) class student{int a; public: void disp(){ cout<<a;} };
d) struct topper{ char name[10]; public : int marks; }
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: It is the class which uses both the data members and member functions being
declared inside a single unit. Only data members can be there in structures also. And the
encapsulation can only be illustrated if some data/operations are associated within class.

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6. Encapsulation helps in writing ___________ classes in java.

a) Mutable
b) Abstract
c) Wrapper
d) Immutable
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: Immutable classes are used for caching purpose generally. And it can be
created by making the class as final and making all its members private.

7. Which among the following should be encapsulated?

a) The data which is prone to change is near future
b) The data prone to change in long terms
c) The data which is intended to be changed
d) The data which belongs to some other class
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: The data prone to change in near future is usually encapsulated so that it
doesn’t get changed accidentally. We encapsulate the data to hide the critical working of
program from outside world.

8. How can Encapsulation be achieved?

a) Using Access Specifiers
b) Using only private members
c) Using inheritance
d) Using Abstraction
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: Using access specifiers we can achieve encapsulation. Using this we can in
turn implement data abstraction. It’s not necessary that we only use private access.

9. Which among the following violates the principle of encapsulation almost always?
a) Local variables
b) Global variables
c) Public variables
d) Array variables
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: Global variables almost always violates the principles of encapsulation.
Encapsulation says the data should be accessed only by required set of elements. But
global variable is accessible everywhere, also it is most prone to changes. It doesn’t hide
the internal working of program.

10. Which among the following would destroy the encapsulation mechanism if it was
allowed in programming?
a) Using access declaration for private members of base class
b) Using access declaration for public members of base class
c) Using access declaration for local variable of main() function
d) Using access declaration for global variables
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: If using access declaration for private members of base class was allowed in
programming, it would have destroyed whole concept of encapsulation. As if it was
possible, any class which gets inherited privately, would have been able to inherit the
private members of base class, and hence could access each and every member of base
class.

11. Which among the following can be a concept against encapsulation rules?
a) Using function pointers
b) Using char* string pointer to be passed to non-member function
c) Using object array
d) Using any kind of pointer/array address in passing to another function
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: If we use any kind of array or pointer as data member which should not be
changed, but in some case its address is passed to some other function or similar variable.
There are chances to modify its whole data easily. Hence Against encapsulation.

12. Consider the following code and select the correct option.

class student
{
int marks;
public : int* fun()
{
return &marks;
}
};
main()
{
student s;
int *ptr=c.fun();
return 0;
}
a) This code is good to go
b) This code may result in undesirable conditions
c) This code will generate error
d) This code violates encapsulation
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: This code violates the encapsulation. By this code we can get the address of
the private member of the class, hence we can change the value of private member, which
is against the rules.

13. Consider the code and select the wrong choice.

class hero
{
char name[10];
public : void disp()
{
cout<<name;
}
};
a) This maintains encapsulation
b) This code doesn’t maintain encapsulation
c) This code is vulnerable
d) This code gives error
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: This code maintains encapsulation. Here the private member is kept private.
Outside code can’t access the private members of class. Only objects of this class will be
able to access the public member function at maximum.

14. Encapsulation is the way to add functions in a user defined structure.

a) True
b) False
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: False, because we can’t call these structures if member functions are involved,
it must be called class. Also, it is not just about adding functions, it’s about binding data and
functions together.

15. Using encapsulation data security is ___________

a) Not ensured
b) Ensured to some extent
c) Purely ensured
d) Very low
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: The encapsulation can only ensure data security to some extent. If pointer and
addresses are misused, it may violate encapsulation. Use of global variables also makes
the program vulnerable, hence we can’t say that encapsulation gives pure security.

Object Oriented Programming using C++

Questions and Answers – Abstraction
This set of Object Oriented Programming (OOPs) using C++ Multiple Choice Questions &
Answers (MCQs) focuses on “Abstraction”.

1. Which among the following best defines abstraction?

a) Hiding the implementation
b) Showing the important data
c) Hiding the important data
d) Hiding the implementation and showing only the features
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: It includes hiding the implementation part and showing only the required data
and features to the user. It is done to hide the implementation complexity and details from
the user. And to provide a good interface in programming.

2. Hiding the implementation complexity can ____________

a) Make the programming easy
b) Make the programming complex
c) Provide more number of features
d) Provide better features
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: It can make programming easy. The programming need not know how the
inbuilt functions are working but can use those complex functions directly in the program. It
doesn’t provide more number of features or better features.

3. Class is _________ abstraction.

a) Object
b) Logical
c) Real
d) Hypothetical
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: Class is logical abstraction because it provides a logical structure for all of its
objects. It gives an overview of the features of an object.

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4. Object is ________ abstraction.

a) Object
b) Logical
c) Real
d) Hypothetical
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: Object is real abstraction because it actually contains those features of class. It
is the implementation of overview given by class. Hence the class is logical abstraction and
its object is real.

5. Abstraction gives higher degree of ________

a) Class usage
b) Program complexity
c) Idealized interface
d) Unstable interface
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: It is to idealize the interface. In this way the programmer can use the
programming features more efficiently and can code better. It can’t increase the program
complexity, as the feature itself is made to hide it.

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6. Abstraction can apply to ____________

a) Control and data
b) Only data
c) Only control
d) Classes
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: Abstraction applies to both. Control abstraction involves use of subroutines
and control flow abstraction. Data abstraction involves handling pieces of data in meaningful
ways.

7. Which among the following can be viewed as combination of abstraction of data and
code.
a) Class
b) Object
c) Inheritance
d) Interfaces
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: Object can be viewed as abstraction of data and code. It uses data members
and their functioning as data abstraction. Code abstraction as use of object of inbuilt class.

8. Abstraction principle includes___________

a) Use abstraction at its minimum
b) Use abstraction to avoid longer codes
c) Use abstraction whenever possible to avoid duplication
d) Use abstraction whenever possible to achieve OOP
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: Abstraction principle includes use of abstraction to avoid duplication (usually of
code). It this way the program doesn’t contain any redundant functions and make the
program efficient.

9. Higher the level of abstraction, higher are the details.

a) True
b) False
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: Higher the level of abstraction, lower are the details. The best way to
understand this is to consider a whole system that is highest level of abstraction as it hides
everything inside. And next lower level would contain few of the computer components and
so on.

10. Encapsulation and abstraction differ as ____________

a) Binding and Hiding respectively
b) Hiding and Binding respectively
c) Can be used any way
d) Hiding and hiding respectively
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: Abstraction is hiding the complex code. For example, we directly use cout
object in C++ but we don’t know how is it actually implemented. Encapsulation is data
binding, as in, we try to combine a similar type of data and functions together.

11. In terms of stream and files ____________

a) Abstraction is called a stream and device is called a file
b) Abstraction is called a file and device is called a stream
c) Abstraction can be called both file and stream
d) Abstraction can’t be defined in terms of files and stream
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: Abstraction is called stream to provide a level of complexity hiding, for how the
files operations are actually done. Actual devices are called file because in one way or
another, those can be considered as single entity and there is nothing hidden.

12. If two classes combine some private data members and provides public member
functions to access and manipulate those data members. Where is abstraction used?
a) Using private access specifier for data members
b) Using class concept with both data members and member functions
c) Using public member functions to access and manipulate the data members
d) Data is not sufficient to decide what is being used
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: It is the concept of hiding program complexity and actual working in
background. Hence use of public member functions illustrates abstraction here.

13. A phone is made up of many components like motherboard, camera, sensors and etc. If
the processor represents all the functioning of phone, display shows the display only, and
the phone is represented as a whole. Which among the following have highest level of
abstraction?
a) Motherboard
b) Display
c) Camera
d) Phone
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: Phone as a whole have the highest level of abstraction. This is because the
phone being a single unit represents the whole system. Whereas motherboard, display and
camera are its components.

14. Which among the following is not a level of abstraction?

a) Logical level
b) Physical level
c) View level
d) External level
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: Abstraction is generally divided into 3 different levels, namely, logical, physical
and view level. External level is not defined in terms of abstraction.

15. Using higher degree of abstraction __________

a) May get unsafe
b) May reduce readability
c) Can be safer
d) Can increase vulnerability
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: It will make the code safer. One may think it reduces the readability, but the
fact is, it actually helps us understand the code better. We don’t have to read the complex
code which is of no use in understanding the program.

Object Oriented Programming using C++

Questions and Answers – Constructors
This set of Object Oriented Programming (OOPs) using C++ Multiple Choice Questions &
Answers (MCQs) focuses on “Constructors”.
1. Which among the following is called first, automatically, whenever an object is created?
a) Class
b) Constructor
c) New
d) Trigger
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: Constructors are the member functions which are called automatically
whenever an object is created. It is a mandatory functions to be called for an object to be
created as this helps in initializing the object to a legal initial value for the class.

2. Which among the following is not a necessary condition for constructors?

a) Its name must be same as that of class
b) It must not have any return type
c) It must contain a definition body
d) It can contains arguments
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: Constructors are predefined implicitly, even if the programmer doesn’t define
any of them. Even if the programmer declares a constructor, it’s not necessary that it must
contain some definition.

3. Which among the following is correct?

a) class student{ public: int student(){} };
b) class student{ public: void student (){} };
c) class student{ public: student{}{} };
d) class student{ public: student(){} };
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: The constructors must not have any return type. Also, the body may or may
not contain any body. Defining default constructor is optional, if you are not using any other
constructor.

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4. In which access should a constructor be defined, so that object of the class can be
created in any function?
a) Public
b) Protected
c) Private
d) Any access specifier will work
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: Constructor function should be available to all the parts of program where the
object is to be created. Hence it is advised to define it in public access, so that any other
function is able to create objects.
5. How many types of constructors are available for use in general (with respect to
parameters)?
a) 2
b) 3
c) 4
d) 5
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: Two types of constructors are defined generally, namely, default constructor
and parameterized constructor. Default constructor is not necessary to be defined always.

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6. If a programmer defines a class and defines a default value parameterized constructor

inside it.
He has not defined any default constructor. And then he try to create the object without
passing arguments, which among the following will be correct?
a) It will not create the object (as parameterized constructor is used)
b) It will create the object (as the default arguments are passed)
c) It will not create the object (as the default constructor is not defined)
d) It will create the object (as at least some constructor is defined)
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: It will create the object without any problem, because the default arguments
use the default value if no value is passed. Hence it is equal to default constructor with zero
parameters. But it will not create the object if signature doesn’t match.

7. Default constructor must be defined, if parameterized constructor is defined and the

object is to be created without arguments.
a) True
b) False
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: If the object is create without arguments and only parameterized constructors
are used, compiler will give an error as there is no default constructor defined. And some
constructor must be called so as to create an object in memory.

8. If class C inherits class B. And B has inherited class A. Then while creating the object of
class C, what will be the sequence of constructors getting called?
a) Constructor of C then B, finally of A
b) Constructor of A then C, finally of B
c) Constructor of C then A, finally B
d) Constructor of A then B, finally C
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: While creating the object of class C, its constructor would be called by default.
But, if the class is inheriting some other class, firstly the parent class constructor will be
called so that all the data is initialized that is being inherited.

9. In multiple inheritance, if class C inherits two classes A and B as follows, which class
constructor will be called first?

class A{ };
class B{ };
class C: public A, public B{ };
a) A()
b) B()
c) C()
d) Can’t be determined
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: Constructor of class A will be called first. This is because the constructors in
multiple inheritance are called in the sequence in which they are written to be inherited.
Here A is written first, hence it is called first.

10. Which among the following is true for copy constructor?

a) The argument object is passed by reference
b) It can be defined with zero arguments
c) Used when an object is passed by value to a function
d) Used when a function returns an object
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: It can’t be defined with zero number of arguments. This is because to copy one
object to another, the object must be mentioned so that compiler can take values from that
object.

11. If the object is passed by value to a copy constructor?

a) Only public members will be accessible to be copied
b) That will work normally
c) Compiler will give out of memory error
d) Data stored in data members won’t be accessible
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: Compiler runs out of memory. This is because while passing the argument by
value, a constructor of the object will be called. That in turn called another object
constructor for values, and this goes on. This is like a constructor call to itself, and this goes
on infinite times, hence it must be passed by reference, so that the constructor is not called.

12. Which object will be created first?

class student
{
int marks;
};
student s1, s2, s3;
a) s1 then s2 then s3
b) s3 then s2 then s1
c) s2 then s3 then s1
d) all are created at same time
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: The objects are created in the sequence of how they are written. This happens
because the constructors are called in the sequence of how the objects are mentioned. This
is done in sequence.

13. Which among the following helps to create a temporary instance?

a) Implicit call to a default constructor
b) Explicit call to a copy constructor
c) Implicit call to a parameterized constructor
d) Explicit call to a constructor
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: Explicit call to a constructor can let you create a temporary instance. This is
because the temporary instances doesn’t have any name. Those are deleted from memory
as soon as their reference is removed.

Implicit calls: The compiler might implicitly call a default constructor (if available) when you
declare an object without arguments. However, these are not temporary instances as they
are assigned to a variable.
Explicit calls: You explicitly use the new keyword followed by the constructor name and
arguments to create a new object. This is the most common way to create temporary
objects.
Copy constructors: These constructors are used to create a copy of an existing object.
They are not typically used for temporary instances.
Therefore, only an explicit call to a constructor allows you to create a temporary instance
that isn’t assigned to a variable and exists momentarily within the expression or statement.

14. Which among the following is correct for the class defined below?

class student
{
int marks;
public: student(){}
student(int x)
{
marks=x;
}
};
main()
{
student s1(100);
student s2();
 student s3=100;
return 0;
}
a) Object s3, syntax error
b) Only object s1 and s2 will be created
c) Program runs and all objects are created
d) Program will give compile time error
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: It is a special case of constructor with only 1 argument. While calling a
constructor with one argument, you are actually implicitly creating a conversion from the
argument type to the type of class. Hence you can directly specify the value of that one
argument with assignment operator.

15. For constructor overloading, each constructor must differ in ___________ and
__________
a) Number of arguments and type of arguments
b) Number of arguments and return type
c) Return type and type of arguments
d) Return type and definition
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: Each constructor must differ in the number of arguments it accepts and the
type of arguments. This actually defines the constructor signature. This helps to remove the
ambiguity and define a unique constructor as required.

Object Oriented Programming using C++

Questions and Answers – Types of Constr…
This set of Object Oriented Programming (OOPs) using C++ Multiple Choice Questions &
Answers (MCQs) focuses on “Types of Constructors”.

1. How many types of constructors are available, in general, in any language?

a) 2
b) 3
c) 4
d) 5
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: There are 3 types of constructors in general, namely, default constructors,
parameterized constructors and copy constructors. Default one is called whenever an object
is created without arguments.

2. Choose the correct option for the following code.

class student
{
 int marks;
}
student s1;
student s2=2;
a) Object s1 should be passed with argument
b) Object s2 should not be declared
c) Object s2 will not be created, but program runs
d) Program gives compile time error
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: The object s2 can be assigned with one value only if a single argument
constructor is defined in class, but here, it can’t be done as no constructor is defined. Hence
every object must be declare or created without using arguments.

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3. Which constructor is called while assigning some object with another?

a) Default
b) Parameterized
c) Copy
d) Direct assignment is used
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: Copy constructor is used while an object is assigned with another. This is
mandatory since we can’t decide which member should be assigned to which member
value. By using copy constructor, we can assign the values in required form.

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4. It’s necessary to pass object by reference in copy constructor because ____________

a) Constructor is not called in pass by reference
b) Constructor is called in pass by reference only
c) It passes the address of new constructor to be created
d) It passes the address of new object to be created
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: Object must be passed by reference to copy constructor because constructor
is not called in pass by reference. Otherwise, in pass by value, a temporary object will be
created which in turn will try to call its constructor that is already being used. This results in
creating infinite number of objects and hence memory shortage error will be shown.

5. Which specifier applies only to the constructors?

a) Public
b) Protected
c) Implicit
d) Explicit
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: The keyword explicit can be used while defining the constructor only. This is
used to suppress the implicit call to the constructor. It ensures that the constructors are
being called with the default syntax only (i.e. only by using object and constructor name).

6. Which among the following is true?

a) Default constructor can’t be defined by the programmer
b) Default parameters constructor isn’t equivalent to the default constructor
c) Default constructor can be called explicitly
d) Default constructor is and always called implicitly only
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: Default constructors can be called explicitly anytime. They are specifically
used to allocate memory space for the object in memory, in general. It is not necessary that
these should always be called implicitly.

7. Which type of constructor can’t have a return type?

a) Default
b) Parameterized
c) Copy
d) Constructors don’t have a return type
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: Constructors don’t return any value. Those are special functions, whose return
type is not defined, not even void. This is so because the constructors are meant to initialize
the members of class and not to perform some task which can return some value to newly
created object.

8. Why do we use static constructors?

a) To initialize the static members of class
b) To initialize all the members with static value
c) To delete the static members when not required
d) To clear all the static members initialized values
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: Static constructors help in initializing the static members of the class. This is
provided because the static members are not considered to be property of the object, rather
they are considered as the property of class.

9. When and how many times a static constructor is called?

a) Created at time of object destruction
b) Called at first time when an object is created and only one time
c) Called at first time when an object is created and called with every new object creation
d) Called whenever an object go out of scope
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: Those are called at very first call of object creation. That is called only one time
because the value of static members must be retained and continued from the time it gets
created.

10. Which among the following is true for static constructor?

a) Static constructors are called with every new object
b) Static constructors are used initialize data members to zero always
c) Static constructors can’t be parameterized constructors
d) Static constructors can be used to initialize the non-static members also
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: Static constructors can’t be parameterized constructors. Those are used to
initialize the value of static members only. And that must be a definite value. Accepting
arguments may make it possible that static members loses their value with every new object
being created.

11. Within a class, only one static constructor can be created.

a) True
b) False
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: Since the static constructors are can’t be parameterized, they can’t be
overloaded. Having this case, only one constructor will be possible to be created in a local
scope, because the signature will always be same and hence it will not be possible to
overload static constructor.

12. Default constructor initializes all data members as ___________

a) All numeric member with some garbage values and string to random string
b) All numeric member with some garbage values and string to null
c) All numeric member with zero and strings to random value
d) All numeric member with zero and strings to null
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: Default constructor, which even the programmer doesn’t define, always
initialize the values as zero if numeric and null if string. This is done so as to avoid the
accidental values to change the conditional statements being used and similar conditions.

13. When is the static constructor called?

a) After the first instance is created
b) Before default constructor call of first instance
c) Before first instance is created
d) At time of creation of first instance
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: The static constructor is called before creation of the first instance of that
class. This is done so that even the first instance can use the static value of the static
members of the class and manipulate as required.

14. If constructors of a class are defined in private access, then __________

a) The class can’t be inherited
b) The class can be inherited
c) Instance can be created only in another class
d) Instance can be created anywhere in the program
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: If the constructors are defined in private access, then the class can’t be
inherited by other classes. This is useful when the class contains static members only. The
instances can never be created.

15. Which among the following is correct, based on the given code below?

class student
{
int marks;
public : student()
{
cout<<”New student details can be added now”;
}
};
student s1;
a) Cout can’t be used inside the constructor
b) Constructor must contain only initializations
c) This program works fine
d) This program produces errors
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: This program will work fine. This is because it is not mandatory that a
constructor must contain only initialization only. If you want to perform a task on each
instance being created, that code can be written inside the constructor.

Object Oriented Programming using C++

Questions and Answers – Copy Constructor
This set of Object Oriented Programming (OOPs) using C++ Multiple Choice Questions &
Answers (MCQs) focuses on “Copy Constructor”.

1. Copy constructor is a constructor which ________________

a) Creates an object by copying values from any other object of same class
b) Creates an object by copying values from first object created for that class
c) Creates an object by copying values from another object of another class
d) Creates an object by initializing it with another previously created object of same class
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: The object that has to be copied to new object must be previously created. The
new object gets initialized with the same values as that of the object mentioned for being
copied. The exact copy is made with values.

2. The copy constructor can be used to ____________

a) Initialize one object from another object of same type
b) Initialize one object from another object of different type
c) Initialize more than one object from another object of same type at a time
d) Initialize all the objects of a class to another object of another class
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: The copy constructor has the most basic function to initialize the members of
an object with same values as that of some previously created object. The object must be of
same class.

3. If two classes have exactly same data members and member function and only they
differ by class name. Can copy constructor be used to initialize one class object with
another class object?
a) Yes, possible
b) Yes, because the members are same
c) No, not possible
d) No, but possible if constructor is also same
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: The restriction for copy constructor is that it must be used with the object of
same class. Even if the classes are exactly same the constructor won’t be able to access all
the members of another class. Hence we can’t use object of another class for initialization.

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4. The copy constructors can be used to ________

a) Copy an object so that it can be passed to a class
b) Copy an object so that it can be passed to a function
c) Copy an object so that it can be passed to another primitive type variable
d) Copy an object for type casting
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: When an object is passed to a function, actually its copy is made in the
function. To copy the values, copy constructor is used. Hence the object being passed and
object being used in function are different.

5. Which returning an object, we can use ____________

a) Default constructor
b) Zero argument constructor
c) Parameterized constructor
d) Copy constructor
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: While returning an object we can use the copy constructor. When we assign
the return value to another object of same class then this copy constructor will be used. And
all the members will be assigned the same values as that of the object being returned.

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6. If programmer doesn’t define any copy constructor then _____________

a) Compiler provides an implicit copy constructor
b) Compiler gives an error
c) The objects can’t be assigned with another objects
d) The program gives run time error if copying is used
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: The compiler provides an implicit copy constructor. It is not mandatory to
always create an explicit copy constructor. The values are copied using implicit constructor
only.

7. If a class implements some dynamic memory allocations and pointers then

_____________
a) Copy constructor must be defined
b) Copy constructor must not be defined
c) Copy constructor can’t be defined
d) Copy constructor will not be used
View Answer
8. What is the syntax of copy constructor?
a) classname (classname &obj){ /*constructor definition*/ }
b) classname (cont classname obj){ /*constructor definition*/ }
c) classname (cont classname &obj){ /*constructor definition*/ }
d) classname (cont &obj){ /*constructor definition*/ }
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: The syntax must contain the class name first, followed by the classname as
type and &object within parenthesis. Then comes the constructor body. The definition can
be given as per requirements.

9. Object being passed to a copy constructor ___________

a) Must be passed by reference
b) Must be passed by value
c) Must be passed with integer type
d) Must not be mentioned in parameter list
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: This is mandatory to pass the object by reference. Otherwise, the object will try
to create another object to copy its values, in turn a constructor will be called, and this will
keep on calling itself. This will cause the compiler to give out of memory error.

10. Out of memory error is given when the object _____________ to the copy constructor.
a) Is passed with & symbol
b) Is passed by reference
c) Is passed as <classname &obj>
d) Is not passed by reference
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: All the options given, directly or indirectly indicate that the object is being
passed by reference. And if object is not passed by reference then the out of memory error
is produced. Due to infinite constructor call of itself.

11. Copy constructor will be called whenever the compiler __________

a) Generates implicit code
b) Generates member function calls
c) Generates temporary object
d) Generates object operations
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: Whenever the compiler creates a temporary object, copy constructor is used to
copy the values from existing object to the temporary object.

12. The deep copy is possible only with the help of __________
a) Implicit copy constructor
b) User defined copy constructor
c) Parameterized constructor
d) Default constructor
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: While using explicit copy constructor, the pointers of copied object point to the
intended memory location. This is assured since the programmers themselves manipulate
the addresses.

13. Can a copy constructor be made private?

a) Yes, always
b) Yes, if no other constructor is defined
c) No, never
d) No, private members can’t be accessed
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: The copy constructor can be defined as private. If we make it private then the
objects of the class can’t be copied. It can be used when a class used dynamic memory
allocation.
14. The arguments to a copy constructor _____________
a) Must be const
b) Must not be cosnt
c) Must be integer type
d) Must be static
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: The object should not be modified in the copy constructor. Because the object
itself is being copied. When the object is returned from a function, the object must be a
constant otherwise the compiler creates a temporary object which can die anytime.

15. Copy constructors are overloaded constructors.

a) True
b) False
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: The copy constructors are always overloaded constructors. They have to be.
All the classes have a default constructor and other constructors are basically overloaded
constructors.

bject Oriented Programming using C++

Questions and Answers – Overloading
Constructors
This set of Object Oriented Programming (OOPs) using C++ Multiple Choice Questions &
Answers (MCQs) focuses on “Overloading Constructors”.

1. Which among the following best describes constructor overloading?

a) Defining one constructor in each class of a program
b) Defining more than one constructor in single class
c) Defining more than one constructor in single class with different signature
d) Defining destructor with each constructor
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: If more than one constructors are defined in a class with same signature, then
that results in error. The signatures must be different. So that the constructors can be
differentiated.

2. Can constructors be overloaded in derived class?

a) Yes, always
b) Yes, if derived class has no constructor
c) No, programmer can’t do it
d) No, never
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: The constructor must be having the same name as that of a class. Hence a
constructor of one class can’t even be defined in another class. Since the constructors can’t
be defined in derived class, it can’t be overloaded too, in derived class.

3. Does constructor overloading include different return types for constructors to be

overloaded?
a) Yes, if return types are different, signature becomes different
b) Yes, because return types can differentiate two functions
c) No, return type can’t differentiate two functions
d) No, constructors doesn’t have any return type
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: The constructors doesn’t have any return type. When we can’t have return
type of a constructor, overloading based on the return type is not possible. Hence only
parameters can be different.

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4. Which among the following is possible way to overload constructor?

a) Define default constructor, 1 parameter constructor and 2 parameter constructor
b) Define default constructor, zero argument constructor and 1 parameter constructor
c) Define default constructor, and 2 other parameterized constructors with same signature
d) Define 2 default constructors
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: All the constructors defined in a class must have a different signature in order
to be overloaded. Here one default and other parameterized constructors are used, wherein
one is of only one parameter and other accepts two. Hence overloading is possible.

5. Which constructor will be called from the object created in the code below?

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class A
{
int i;
A()
{
i=0; cout&lt;&lt;i;
}
A(int x=0)
{
i=x; cout&lt;&lt;I;
}
};
A obj1;
a) Default constructor
b) Parameterized constructor
c) Compile time error
d) Run time error
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: When a default constructor is defined and another constructor with 1 default
value argument is defined, creating object without parameter will create ambiguity for the
compiler. The compiler won’t be able to decide which constructor should be called, hence
compile time error.

6. Which among the following is false for a constructor?

a) Constructors doesn’t have a return value
b) Constructors are always user defined
c) Constructors are overloaded with different signature
d) Constructors may or may not have any arguments being accepted
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: The constructors are not always user defined. The construct will be provided
implicitly from the compiler if the used doesn’t defined any constructor. The implicit
constructor makes all the string values null and allocates memory space for each data
member.

7. When is the constructor called for an object?

a) As soon as overloading is required
b) As soon as class is derived
c) As soon as class is created
d) As soon as object is created
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: The constructor is called as soon as the object is created. The overloading
comes into picture as to identify which constructor have to be called depending on
arguments passed in the creation of object.

8. Which among the following function can be used to call default constructor implicitly in
java?
a) this()
b) that()
c) super()
d) sub()
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: The function this() can be used to call the default constructor from inside any
other constructor. This helps to further reuse the code and not to write the redundant data in
all the constructors.

9. Why do we use constructor overloading?

a) To use different types of constructors
b) Because it’s a feature provided
c) To initialize the object in different ways
d) To differentiate one constructor from another
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: The constructors are overloaded to initialize the objects of a class in different
ways. This allows us to initialize the object with either default values or used given values. If
data members are not initialized then program may give unexpected results.

10. If programmer have defined parameterized constructor only, then

__________________
a) Default constructor will not be created by the compiler implicitly
b) Default constructor will be created by the compiler implicitly
c) Default constructor will not be created but called at runtime
d) Compile time error
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: When the programmer doesn’t specify any default constructor and only defines
some parameterized constructor. The compiler doesn’t provide any default constructor
implicitly. This is because it is assumed that the programmer will create the objects only
with constructors.

11. Which among the following is not valid in java?

a) Constructor overloading
b) Recursive constructor call
c) Default value constructors
d) String argument constructor
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: Java doesn’t provide the feature to recursively call the constructor. This is to
eliminate the out of memory error in some cases that arises unexpectedly. That is an
predefined condition for constructors in java.

12. Which constructor will be called from the object obj2 in the following program?

class A
{
int i;
A()
{
i=0;
}
A(int x)
{
i=x+1;
}
A(int y, int x)
{
i=x+y;
}
};
A obj1(10);
A obj2(10,20);
A obj3;
a) A(int x)
b) A(int y)
c) A(int y, int x)
d) A(int y; int x)
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: The two argument constructor will be called as we are passing 2 arguments to
the object while creation. The arguments will be passed together and hence compiler
resolves that two argument constructor have to be called.

13. What are we only create an object but don’t call any constructor for it in java?
a) Implicit constructor will be called
b) Object is initialized to some null values
c) Object is not created
d) Object is created but points to null
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: The object becomes a reference object which can be initialized will another
object. Then this object will indirectly become another name of the object being assigned. If
not assigned, it simply points to null address.

14. Which among the following is false?

a) Constructor can’t be overloaded in Kotlin
b) Constructors can’t be called recursively in java
c) Constructors can be overloaded in C++
d) Constructors overloading depends on different signatures
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: Kotlin language allows constructor overloading. This is a basic feature for the
constructors. The constructor overloading allows the object to be initialized according to the
user.

15. Which is correct syntax?

a) classname objectname= new() integer;
b) classname objectname= new classname;
c) classname objectname= new classname();
d) classname objectname= new() classname();
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: The syntax for object creating in java with calling a constructor for is it is as in
option c. The syntax must contain the classname followed by the object name. The keyword
new must be used and then the constructor call with or without the parameters as required.
 Object Oriented Programming using C++
Questions and Answers – Execution of Co…
This set of Object Oriented Programming (OOPs) using C++ Multiple Choice Questions &
Answers (MCQs) focuses on “Execution of Constructor or Destructor”.

1. Which among the following best describes the constructors?

a) A function which is called whenever an object is referenced
b) A function which is called whenever an object is created to initialize the members
c) A function which is called whenever an object is assigned to copy the values
d) A function which is called whenever an object is to be given values for members
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: The constructors are special type of functions which are called whenever an
object is created. This is to initialize the data members of the class. The constructor
allocates memory space for all the data members.

2. Which among the following best describes destructor?

a) A function which is called just before the objects are destroyed
b) A function which is called after each reference to the object
c) A function which is called after termination of the program
d) A function which is called before calling any member function
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: The Destructors are special functions which are called just before an object is
destroyed. This functions is responsible to free all the allocated resources to the object.
Objects are destroyed whenever those go out of scope.

3. Which among the following represents correct constructor?

a) ()classname
b) ~classname()
c) –classname()
d) classname()
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: The constructors must contain only the class name. The class name is
followed by the blank parenthesis or we can have parameters if some values are to be
passed.

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4. Which among the following is correct syntax for the destructors?

a) classname()
b) ()classname
c) ~classname()
d) -classname()
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: The destructor must have same name as that of the corresponding class. The
class name should be preceded by the tilde symbol (~).

5. Which among the following is true?

a) First the constructor of parent classes are called in sequence of inheritance
b) First the constructor of child classes are called in the sequence of inheritance
c) First constructor called is of the object being created
d) Constructors are called randomly
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: First the constructor of parent class are called. The order in which the parent
class constructors are called is same in the sequence of inheritance used.

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6. What is the sequence of destructors call?

a) Same order as that of the constructors call
b) Random order
c) According to the priority
d) Revere of the order of constructor call
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: The destructors are called in the reverse order as that of the constructors
being called. This is done to ensure that all the resources are released in sequence. That is,
the derived class destructors will be called first.

7. The destructors _____________________

a) Can have maximum one argument
b) Can’t have any argument
c) Can have more than one argument
d) Can’t have more than 3 arguments
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: The destructors doesn’t have any arguments. The destructors have to be
called implicitly whenever an object goes out of scope. The user can’t pass argument to the
implicit call.

8. Destructor calls ________________ (C++)

a) Are only implicit
b) Are only explicit
c) Can be implicit or explicit
d) Are made at end of program only
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: The destructors are usually called implicitly whenever an object goes out of
scope. The destructors can also be called explicitly if required. The call must be made,
implicitly or explicitly.

9. Number of destructors called are ____________

a) Always equal to number of constructors called
b) Always less than the number of constructors called
c) Always greater than the number of constructors called
d) Always less than or equal to number of constructors
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: Destructor will be called only to free the resources allocated for an object. The
resources are allocated only the constructor for an object is called.

10. For explicit call _________________

a) The destructor must be private
b) The destructor must be public
c) The destructor must be protected
d) The destructor must be defined outside the class
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: The destructor must be public for explicit calls. If it is made private or protected
then it won’t be accessible outside the class. There is no restriction of definition the
destructor outside the class.

11. If a class have 4 constructors then it must have 4 destructors also.

a) True
b) False
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: Even if the class have 4 constructors, only one would be used. And only one
destructor is allowed.

12. Which among the following is true for destructors?

a) Destructors can be overloaded
b) Destructors can be define more than one time
c) Destructors can’t be overloaded
d) Destructors are overloaded in derived classes
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: The destructors can never be overloaded. The destructors doesn’t have
arguments. And to get overloaded, they must have different signature. This is not possible if
arguments are not allowed.

13. The constructor _____________

a) Have a return type
b) May have a return type
c) Of derived classes have return type
d) Doesn’t have a return type
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: The constructors doesn’t have any return type. The constructors are intended
to allocate the resources for the object. Memory spaces are to be finalized.

14. The destructors ____________

a) Have a return type
b) May have a return type
c) Of derived classes have return type
d) Doesn’t have a return type
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: The destructors are intended to free the memory space. And all the resources
that were allocated for the object. The return value is not supported since only memory has
to be made free.

15. The destructor can be called before the constructor if required.

a) True
b) False
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: The destructors can be called only after the constructor calls. It is not a
mandatory rule but the deletion can only take place if there is something created using the
constructor.

Object Oriented Programming using C++

Questions and Answers – Destructors
This set of Object Oriented Programming (OOPs) using C++ Multiple Choice Questions &
Answers (MCQs) focuses on ” Destructors”.

1. Which among the following describes a destructor?

a) A special function that is called to free the resources, acquired by the object
b) A special function that is called to delete the class
c) A special function that is called anytime to delete an object
d) A special function that is called to delete all the objects of a class
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: It is used to free the resources that the object might had used in its lifespan.
The destructors are called implicitly whenever an object’s life ends.

2. When a destructor is called?

a) After the end of object life
b) Anytime in between object’s lifespan
c) At end of whole program
d) Just before the end of object life
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: The destructor is called just before the object go out of scope or just before its
life ends. This is done to ensure that all the resources reserved for the object are used and
at last, are made free for others.

3. Which among the following is correct for abstract class destructors?

a) It doesn’t have destructors
b) It has destructors
c) It may or may not have destructors
d) It contains an implicit destructor
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: It doesn’t have destructors. Since an abstract class don’t have constructors,
and hence can’t have instances. Having this case, the abstract classes don’t have
destructors too, because that would be of no use here.

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4. If in multiple inheritance, class C inherits class B, and Class B inherits class A. In which
sequence are their destructors called if an object of class C was declared?
a) ~C() then ~B() then ~A()
b) ~B() then ~C() then ~A()
c) ~A() then ~B() then ~C()
d) ~C() then ~A() then ~B()
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: The destructors are always called in the reverse order of how the constructors
were called. Here class A constructor would have been created first if Class C object is
declared. Hence class A destructor is called at last.

5. Choose the correct sequence of destructors being called for the following code.

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class A{ };
class B{ };
class C: public A, public B{ };
a) ~A(), ~B(), ~C()
b) ~B(), ~C(), ~A()
c) ~A(), ~C(), ~B()
d) ~C(), ~B(), ~A()
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: In multiple inheritance, the constructors are called in the sequence of how they
are written in inheritance sequence. And the destructors will be called in the reverse order.
This can be cross verified just by printing a message from each destructor defined in
classes.

6. When is the destructor of a global object called?

a) Just before end of program
b) Just after end of program
c) With the end of program
d) Anytime when object is not needed
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: This is because the lifespan of global object is from start of the program, till the
end of the program. And hence program end is the end of global object too. Just before the
end of program, the destructor will be called to free the acquired resources by the objects.

7. How the constructors and destructors can be differentiated?

a) Destructor have a return type but constructor doesn’t
b) Destructors can’t be defined by the programmer, but constructors can be defined
c) Destructors are preceded with a tilde (~) symbol, and constructor doesn’t
d) Destructors are same as constructors in syntax
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: The destructors are preceded with the tilde (~) symbol. The name is same as
that of the class. These also doesn’t have any return type.

8. Destructors doesn’t accept parameters.

a) True
b) False
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: The destructors doesn’t accept the arguments. Those are just used to free up
the resources.

9. Destructors can be ________

a) Abstract type
b) Virtual
c) Void
d) Any type depending on situation
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: The destructors can be virtual. It is actually advised to keep the destructors
virtual always. This is done to suppress the problems that may arise if inheritance is
involved.

10. Global destructors execute in ___________ order after main function is terminated.
a) Sequential
b) Random
c) Reverse
d) Depending on priority
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: The destructors are always called in reverse order no matter which destructor
it is. This is done to ensure that all the resources are able to get free. And no resource is
kept busy.

11. When is it advised to have user defined destructor?

a) When class contains some pointer to memory allocated in class
b) When a class contains static variables
c) When a class contains static functions
d) When a class is inheriting another class only
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: This is always advised to have user defined destructor when pointers are
involved in class. This is usually done to ensure that the memory, that was allocated
dynamically, gets free after use and doesn’t cause memory leak.

12. Which among the following is correct for the destructors concept?
a) Destructors can be overloaded
b) Destructors can have only one parameter at maximum
c) Destructors are always called after object goes out of scope
d) There can be only one destructor in a class
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: This is so because the destructors can’t be overloaded. And the destructor
must have the same name as that of class with a tilde symbol preceding the name of the
destructor. Hence there can be only one destructor in a class. Since more than one function
with same name and signature can’t be present in same scope.

13. Which class destructor will be called first, when following code go out of scope?

class A{ };
class B{ };
class C: public B{ };
A a;
B b;
C c;
a) ~A()
b) ~B()
c) ~C()
d) ~B() and ~C()
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: The constructor that would have created at last, its destructor will be called first
when the code goes out of scope. This will help the program to manage the resources more
efficiently.
14. When an object is passed to a function, its copy is made in the function and then
______________
a) The destructor of the copy is called when function is returned
b) The destructor is never called in this case
c) The destructor is called but it is always implicit
d) The destructor must be user defined
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: When an object is passed to a function, its copy is made in the function. This
copy acts as a real object till the function is live. When the function is returned, the copy’s
destructor is called to free the resources held by it.

15. What happens when an object is passed by reference?

a) Destructor is not called
b) Destructor is called at end of function
c) Destructor is called when function is out of scope
d) Destructor is called when called explicitly
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: The destructor is never called in this situation. The concept is that when an
object is passed by reference to the function, the constructor is not called, but only the main
object will be used. Hence no destructor will be called at end of function.