📌 Python Programming Basics

Python is a high-level, interpreted programming language that is beginner-friendly due to

its simple syntax and readability.

🖥️ 1. Printing Output in Python

The print() function is used to display output on the screen.

Basic Syntax
python
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print("Hello, World!") # Outputs: Hello, World!

Different Ways to Print Strings

Python allows single ('), double (") and triple (''' """) quotes:

python
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print('Hello')
print("Hello")
print('''Hello''')
print("""Hello""")

All of these will output Hello.

Escape Characters

Used to format strings properly:

Escape Description Example Output

Character

\n New line print("Hello\nWorld") → Hello (new line) World

\t Tab space print("Hello\tWorld") → Hello World

\\ Backslash print("This is a backslash: \\") → This is a

backslash: \
 \' Single quote print('It\'s a good day') → It's a good day

\" Double print("He said \"Hello\"") → He said "Hello"

quote

Multi-Line Strings
python
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print("""This is
a multi-line
string.""")

This prints exactly as written, across multiple lines.

🔢 2. Working with Numbers (Arithmetic Operations)

Python supports mathematical operations like addition, subtraction, multiplication, and more.

Basic Arithmetic
Operato Description Example Output
r

+ Addition print(5 + 8
3)

- Subtraction print(10 - 6
4)

* Multiplication print(2 * 6
3)

/ Division (float) print(10 / 3.3333...

3)

// Floor Division print(10 // 3

3)

% Modulus print(10 % 1
(Remainder) 3)

** Exponentiation print(2 ** 8
3)
🔹 Floor Division (//): Removes the decimal part, keeping only the integer.​
🔹 Modulus (%): Useful for checking even/odd numbers.
python
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print(10 % 2) # 0 (even)
print(15 % 2) # 1 (odd)

📝 3. Variables and Data Types

A variable is a container that stores values.

Declaring Variables
python
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x = 5
y = "Hello"
z = 3.14
print(x, y, z)

●​ x is an integer
●​ y is a string
●​ z is a float

Variable Naming Rules

✅ Allowed:​
✔️ my_var = 10​
✔️ age = 25​
✔️ name_of_person = "Alice"
❌ Not Allowed:​
🚫 2name = "John" (Cannot start with a number)​
🚫 my-var = 10 (Cannot use -, use _ instead)​
🚫 class = "CS101" (Avoid Python keywords like class, if, def)

🔤 4. Data Types
Python has four primary data types:
 Type Example Description

int 10, -5, 0 Whole numbers

floa 3.14, -2.5 Decimal

t numbers

str "Hello", Text data

'Python'

bool True, False Boolean values

Checking Data Type

Use type() function:

python
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a = 10
b = 3.5
c = "Python"
print(type(a)) # Output: <class 'int'>
print(type(b)) # Output: <class 'float'>
print(type(c)) # Output: <class 'str'>

🔄 5. Type Conversion
Python allows changing data types using:

●​ int(), float(), str(), bool()

Examples
python
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num = "100"
print(int(num) + 50) # Converts "100" (string) to 100 (integer),
output: 150

num = 10.5
print(int(num)) # Converts 10.5 (float) to 10 (integer)
🖨️ 6. Printing with Formatting
Using sep and end

●​ sep controls the separator between words.

●​ end controls what happens at the end of a line.

python
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print("Hello", "World", sep="-") # Output: Hello-World
print("Python", end=" ")
print("Programming") # Output: Python Programming

Formatted Strings (f-strings)

Allows inserting values directly into strings.

python
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name = "Alice"
age = 25
print(f"My name is {name} and I am {age} years old.")

✍️ 7. Variables Assignment Tricks

Multiple Assignments
python
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x, y, z = 1, 2, 3
print(x, y, z) # Output: 1 2 3

Same Value Assignment

python
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a = b = c = 10
print(a, b, c) # Output: 10 10 10
🎯 8. More on Strings
Strings can be concatenated (joined) using + and repeated using *.

python
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greeting = "Hello"
name = "Alice"
print(greeting + " " + name) # Output: Hello Alice
print(name * 3) # Output: AliceAliceAlice

🔹 String Indexing
python
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word = "Python"
print(word[0]) # P
print(word[-1]) # n

🔹 String Slicing
python
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print(word[0:3]) # Pyt (from index 0 to 2)
print(word[:4]) # Pyth (from start to index 3)
print(word[2:]) # thon (from index 2 to end)

🚀 Quick Recap
✅ print() function outputs text​
✅ Arithmetic operations include + - * / // % **​
✅ Variables store values (int, float, str, bool)​
✅ f-strings make printing dynamic​
✅ Strings can be concatenated, indexed, and sliced​
✅ Type conversion: int(), float(), str()​
✅ sep and end customize print output
Would you like practice problems to test your understanding? 😊
You said:
so we also learned input codes, how do that work?

ChatGPT said:

📌 User Input in Python (input())

The input() function allows a program to take input from the user.

🖥️ Basic Usage
python
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name = input("Enter your name: ")
print("Hello, " + name + "!")

🔹 How it works?
●​ The input() function displays a prompt ("Enter your name: ") and waits for
the user to type something.
●​ Whatever the user types is stored in the name variable.
●​ The program then prints "Hello, [name]!" using string concatenation.

🔢 Taking Numeric Input

By default, input() takes everything as a string. If you need numbers, you must convert
them.

Integer Input (int())

python
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age = int(input("Enter your age: "))
print("Next year, you will be", age + 1)

✅ If the user types 21, age becomes 21 (integer).​

🚨 If the user types "twenty", an error occurs because "twenty" cannot be converted
to int.

Float Input (float())

python
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height = float(input("Enter your height in meters: "))
print("Your height is", height, "meters")
✅ If the user types 1.75, height becomes 1.75 (float).

📝 Multiple Inputs in One Line

Use split() to take multiple inputs at once.

python
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x, y = input("Enter two numbers: ").split()
print("First number:", x)
print("Second number:", y)

🔹 How it works?
●​ User enters: 5 10
●​ split() separates the numbers at the space.
●​ x gets "5", y gets "10".

🚨 Convert to integers if needed:

python
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x, y = map(int, input("Enter two numbers: ").split())
print("Sum:", x + y)

📌 Formatted Input
You can use formatted strings (f-strings) with input():

python
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name = input("What is your name? ")
print(f"Hello, {name}! Nice to meet you.")

🔥 Quick Recap
Input Type Code Example Notes
 String name = input("Enter name: ") Default type is string

Integer num = int(input("Enter a Convert string to integer

number: "))

Float num = float(input("Enter a Convert string to float

decimal: "))

Multiple x, y = input().split() Splits input into multiple

Inputs variables

Would you like practice exercises on input? 😊

You said:
Set A - Spring_2024_CSC100_Mid Term Question.docx.pdf
PDF
Set B - Spring_2024_CSC100_Mid Term Question.docx.pdf
PDF
SampleQ - Spring_2024_CSC100_Mid Term Question.pdf
PDF
solve

ChatGPT said:

I will now begin solving the Set A and Set B midterm questions step by step. I will provide
detailed explanations for each solution, including calculations, coding solutions, and
conceptual answers.

I will start by solving the MCQs, Short Questions, and Coding Exercises. Give me a
moment to prepare the answers.

I'll first create a structured document with all the solutions for both Set A and Set B. This

✅
will include:​

✅
MCQ Answers with Explanations​
Short Questions (Binary conversion, security, ML, networking, storage

✅
calculations, etc.)​
Coding Exercises (Python solutions with comments)

Give me a moment to compile everything.

Cse100 Midterm Solutions

I've compiled all the Set A & Set B solutions with detailed explanations, binary

🚀
conversions, security analysis, machine learning applications, and Python coding
fixes. Let me know if you need any clarifications or extra practice!

You said: