Unit 3

Student name Phạm Nguyễn Hoài Nhân

Group/Class K64.L1.NNA-HCM
Date Score

GRAMMAR

1 Choose the correct alternatives to complete the sentences.

1 Energy from the sun is captured/captures by solar panels to be converted into

electricity.
2 In volcanic areas, cold water is pumped/pumps underground and comes out as steam,
which is then used to power energy-producing turbines.
3 Crude oil reserves are being vanished/vanishing at an alarming rate.
4 Wind turbines is converted/convert wind into electricity.
5 In the past, miners is used/used explosives to break up coal seams in order to extract
coal from under the ground.

Score: /5

2 Order the words to make statements about electric cars.

1 currently / source / use / most / non-renewable / cars / energy / as / fuels / their / .

Most cars currently use non-renewable fuels as their energy source.
2 in / used / to / electricity / cars / electric / power / stored / rechargeable batteries / is / .
Electricity used to power electric cars is stored in rechargeable batteries.
3 between 30 minutes / the speed / the battery / to / on / 12 hours / its capacity / charge /
and / can / depending / take / and / of / the charging point / .
Depending on the charging point and its capacity, the battery can take between 30
minutes and 12 hours to charge.
4 charge / average / for / electric car / can / up to / on / 200 miles / an / run / one / .
On overage, an electric car can run for up to 200 miles on one charge.
5 incur / with / running costs / lower / internal / than / electric cars / combustion engines /
cars / .
Electric cars incur lower running costs than internal combustion engine cars.
6 a / or / electric motor / with / hybrid car / diesel / combines / gas / a / engine / an / .
A hybrid car combines a gas or diesel engine with an electric motor.

Score: /5
3 Check (✔) the correct sentences and rewrite the incorrect sentences.

1 Energy crops, which are high in cellulose, is cultivated on an industrial scale to produce
liquid fuels such as biodiesel and ethanol. X
Energy crops, which are high in cellulose, are cultivated on an industrial scale to
produce liquid fuels.

2 Biomass, such as wood chips or pellets, is burned in a combustion chamber to boil

water. V

3 During photosynthesis, plants are harnessed energy from the sun to convert water and
carbon dioxide into oxygen. X
During photosunthesis, plants harness energy from the sun to convert water and
carbon dioxide into oxygen.

4 Most of the world’s reserves of fossil fuels found underground. X

Most of the world's reserves of fossil fuels are found underground.
5 Mining companies drill through rock formations to extract the natural resources that lie
deep beneath the surface. V

Score: /5

4 Order the words to make sentences about climate change.

1 cares / everyone / enough / anything / the / about / to / global warming / combat / not /
effects / of / doing / .
Everyone cares about global warming but not enough to do anything to combat its
effects.
2 be / disagree / anti-nuclear campaigners / new / with / nuclear power plants / to /
allowing / built / .
Anti-nuclear campaigners disagree with allowing new nuclear power plants to be built.

3 action / family / elected officials / climate change / try / to / concerned / their / friends /
and / people / to / lobby / about / to / take / persuade / .
Concerned people try to lobby their elected officials, friends, and family to persuade
them to take action on climate change.
4 solar panels / install / offer / encourage / incentives / to / generous / people / to /
governments / on / some / their / roofs / .
Some governments offer generous incentives to encourage people to install solar
panels on their roofs.
 5 reducing / have / energy bills / from / houses / their / insulating / consumers / and / thus
/ better / their / benefited / .
Consumers have benefited from insulating their houses better and thus reducing their
energy bills.

Score: /5

5 Check (✔) the correct sentences and rewrite the incorrect sentences.

1 I have to admit to take a lot more showers when I’m in warmer climates, even though
I’m aware it’s not very environmentally friendly! X
I have to admit taking a lot more showers when I'm in warmer climates.

2 We weren’t expecting to have our bed linen and towels changed during our weeklong
stay, so we were astonished to find they were, in fact, changed on a daily basis. V

3 Conservationists don’t allow people to use non-biodegradable sunblock when

swimming around reefs because it damages the protected environment. V

4 We decided against to fly and took the train in an attempt to reduce our carbon
footprint. X
We decided against flying and took the train to reduce our carbon footprint.

5 Despite the fact that the Thai government depends financially on tourists visit the
country, it was recently forced to close three popular islands to visitors because of the
damage to the fragile marine ecosystem. X
Despite the fact that the Thai government depends financially on tourist visiting the
country, it was recently forced to close three islands.

Score: /5

VOCABULARY
6 Choose the correct words to complete the sentences.

The Three Gorges Dam in China is the world’s largest hydropower dam. It harnesses the
(1) of the majestic Yangtze River to produce around 10% of China’s energy.
The (2) convert the (3) of the water falling over the dam
into mechanical energy. This in turn is converted into electrical energy by the 34
(4) . The construction of the dam has contributed to the growth of
(5) energy being produced in China.

1 A flow B proponent C gears

2 A dam B mining pump C turbines
3 A kinetic energy B additive C generator
4 A mining pump B generators C transmission lines
5 A parallel B carbon-neutral C renewable

Score: /5

7 Complete the words in the sentences. The first letter is given, and there is one space
for each letter.

1 Harmful bacteria from pests and insects such as rats, mice, and maggots can
c contaminates food.
2 Once food has been contaminated, it is i inedible and must be
disposed of immediately.
3 One of the major a adverse effects of eating contaminated food is a
bout of food poisoning, but it’s not always obvious exactly which food contained the
harmful bacteria that has caused the problem.
4 It’s essential to keep areas where food is being prepared spotlessly clean to
m minimize contamination.
5 A lot of processed foods contain worrying levels of a additives ,
and there are those who strongly believe that they are detrimental to the population’s
health.

Score: /5
 8 Choose the correct alternatives to complete the sentences.

1 Proponents of the concept of global warming cite/diminish the rapidly disappearing

polar ice caps as proof of their hypothesis.
2 Sweden has pledged to become 100% carbon-neutral/renewable by 2045. To achieve
this goal, it will derive all its electricity from either nuclear energy or hydropower.
3 Solar energy is a renewable, free source of energy, and as such is excessive/sustainable
since unlike fossil fuels, it will never run out.
4 While waves can be harnessed to good effect to create electricity, at the same time
they can have a hugely detrimental impact on the environment by causing coastal
erosion/formation.
5 Radioactive waste caused by the production of nuclear energy can be extraordinarily
dangerous to restrict/dispose of.

Score: /5

9 Complete the sentences with the correct words.

exacerbates fluctuate particles purification unprecedented

1 Water purification is the process by which chemicals and contaminants are

removed from water.
2 In 2016, state officials in California instigated a series ofinprecedentedfines on
residents in an attempt to cut water usage to ease drought conditions.
3 Hard water contains particles of dissolved magnesium and calcium and can
cause staining in sinks and showers.
4 Climate change alongside growing populations and expanding cities exacerbates
water shortages worldwide.
5 Water levels can fluctuate enormously in the Great Lakes, not only because of
changes in levels but also as a result of high winds and changes in barometric pressure.

Score: /5

READING
Read the following responses to an online forum discussion about wind farms.

“Why should I have to look at these hideous structures every day so that they can
produce power for people living in a city miles away? I’d be the first to endorse them,
but not in a residential area. It’s all very well being an environmentalist if you don’t have
to live near them. I think that they should be built offshore rather than in the countryside
where people live.” —Raihana

“I believe the government should pay to build more wind farms. They are a great
alternative to traditional forms of energy production. They are non-polluting and the
wind is free. The cost of production is therefore fixed and not dependent on fluctuating
oil prices.” —Kuan-lin

“I love the sight of huge wind turbines towering magnificently like silent giants moving
gracefully over the landscape. How can anyone not be impressed? And the land around
them can still be used to grow crops or rear animals.” —Sven

“A wind farm in the distance is a small price to pay. We have to save the planet; the
environment is the most important issue now. Everyone is an environmentalist until they
themselves are asked to do something that involves some self-sacrifice.” —Rob

“While I have a lot of sympathy for the green argument, I don’t agree with wind farms
because the noise from the turbines is very distracting. Also, the movement of the
blades, especially when the sun is behind them, can upset people with sensitive eyes
and trigger headaches. There are better alternatives, such as wave power, that are
more reliable and less disruptive.” —Mari

“As an avid bird watcher, I would be concerned to see wind farms built in locations that
are popular with birds, such as moorlands, coastlines, and river estuaries. Bird numbers
have dropped dramatically in areas with wind farms as they collide with the blades or
are scared off by the noise.” —Amol

“I think that they are an expensive waste of money. They are unreliable since they are
dependent on the wind and don’t generate energy when it is needed. When the wind
drops, we still need coal, gas, or nuclear power stations to supply our energy needs. We
can survive without wind power but not without traditional forms of energy production.”
—Sam

“I think that most of the arguments about wind power are just a lot of hot air. Like the
turbines themselves, the discussion just goes around in circles." —Erik
 10 Match the speaker with his or her feelings about wind farms.

1 Which speaker doesn’t say if he or she is for or against wind farms? B

2 Which speaker thinks it is more important to protect wildlife? E
3 Which speaker thinks wind farms are unnecessary? A
4 Which speaker is both practical and poetic? D
5 Which speaker uses an economic argument? C
A Sam

B Erik

C Kuan-lin

D Sven

E Amol

Score: /5

11 Choose T (True) or F (False).

1 Raihana is a proponent of using wind power to generate energy. T / F

2 Mari talks about the adverse effects of wind farms. T / F

3 Rob believes everyone’s opinion is important. T / F

4 Amol cites dangers birds can cause to wind turbines. T / F

5 Erik is making a joke. T / F

Score: /5

WRITING
12 Describe the process by which biomass is used to produce energy. Write between 300
and 350 words.

Score: / 10