PRACTICE TEST 7

PART A
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the word whose underlined part differs from the other three
in pronunciation in each of the following questions.
1. A. government B. borrowing C. program D. promotion
2. A. preserve B. conserve C. fossil D. discuss
3. A. damage B. regional C. growing D. energy
4. A. depleted B. wasted C. reduced D. affected
5. A. width B. healthy C. breathing D. throat
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the word that differs from the other three in position the of
the primary stress in each of the following questions.
1. A. disposal B. animal C. energy D. poverty
2. A. scientist B. consequence C. detergent D. influence
3. A. awareness B. solution C. importance D. happiness
4. A. origin B. dependence C. harmony D. factory
5. A. replacement B. pollutant C. resident D. depletion
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the underlined part that needs correction in each of the
following sentences.
1. The prices (A) of organic products (B) are quite high, that (C) may be discouraging (D) to consumers.
2. The national park carrying out (A) a wide range (B) of conservation activities (C) to save many
endangered (C) species from extinction.
3. Ginger is three times (A) hot as (B) cumin, but not (C) as hot as (D) chili powder.
4. To adapt (A) a green lifestyle, people may face (B) some inconveniences (C) at first (D).
5. All the (A) shopping centers that (B) in the district turn their (C) lights off to celebrate (D) Earth Hour.
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the word(s) OPPOSITE in meaning to the underlined word(s)
in each of the following questions.
1. Scientists are experimenting on ways to dispose of waste safely.
A. eliminate B. conserve C. deal with D. get used to
2. The burning of fossil fuels has led to air pollution and deforestation caused land erosion.
A. resulted in B. resulted from C. brought about D. caused
3. The air in this city contains a lot of harmful gases, which may do harm to the citizens.
A. dangerous B. beneficial C. toxic D. wasted
4. Stockholm dwellers are fortunate to live in one of the greenest capitals in the world.
A. lucky B. wealthy C. unlucky D. unhealthy
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the following sentences.
1. The city council is discussing a detailed ____ plan for maintaining clean beaches and parks.
A. activity B. action C. measure D. approach
2. To ____ green is to practise simple green lifestyles, which helps save the planet for further generation.
A. go B. act C. make D. get
3. It is advisable that each person ____ products that are not environment-friendly.
A. stops to use B. stops using C. stop to use D. stop using
4. It is important to keep ourselves clean ____ germs can cause infections in parts of our body.
A. although B. unless C. while D. because
5. Organic vegetables are considered healthier ____ their high price.
A. although B. despite C. in spite D. however
6. People should use bicycles instead of motorbikes ____ it will help to reduce exhaust fumes and pollution.
A. when B. for C. since D. whether
7. We reuse bags, old clothing and scrap paper at home ____ we can reduce waste.
A. lest B. provided that C. for fear that D. so that
8. Polluted air in the factory ____ the workers' respiratory illnesses.
A. results from B. brings up C. causes of D. accounts for
9. Soot emissions might be ____ for the melting of the Arctic.
A. responsible B. response C. responsive D. responsibility
10. In some cities of developed countries, buses and other means of public transport run ____ renewable
energy.
A. with B. on C. by D. in
11. I have ____ to see such a rude receptionist.
A. never B. yet C. forever D. not
12. My brother is an authority ____ Chinese cuisine.
A. over B. at C. in D. on
13. The building ____ walls are made of glass is the place where I used to work.
A. where B. which C. whose D. of which
14. Do you know what CFC ____?
A. sets in B. does up C. stands for D. gets down
15. During the last hundred years we have done great ____ to the environment.
A. devastation B. pollution C. damage D. destruction
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of
the questions.
After years of hype and false starts, the shift to clean power has begun to accelerate at a pace that has
taken the most experienced experts by surprise. Even leaders in the oil and gas sector have been forced to
confront an existential question: will the 21st century be the last one for fossil fuels?
It is early, but the evidence is mounting. Wind and solar parks are being built at unprecedented rates,
threatening the business models of established power companies. Electric cars that were hard to even buy
eight years ago are selling at an exponential rate, in the process driving down the price of batteries that hold
the key to unleashing new levels of green growth.
“This clean energy disruption has just started and what is striking is how much of a financial impact
it is already having on some companies,” says Per Lekander, a portfolio manager at London's Lansdowne
Partners hedge fund, who has tracked global energy markets for more than 25 years.
“It hit the electricity sector first, in Europe in 2013 and then the US two years later. Now it has
spread to the auto sector and I think the oil industry is next.”
The shift has come as increased government efforts to curb climate change and smog have driven
down costs and spurred technical advances, creating a green energy industry that looks nothing like it did a
decade ago: expensive and sluggish.
Today, China and India have picked up the baton and are driving a sector that has spread to every
continent. The result was a banner year for green energy in 2016.

1. It is stated in the passage that in the past, green energy ____.

A. used internationally with great efficacy
B. received huge investment from goverment
C. was disfavoured at the beginning
D. was the main sources of energy using by humans
2. The fear of leaders from oil and gas sector company comes from ____.
A. the likelihood of fossil fuel to exhaust by the end of the 21st century
B. the sufficiency of enerygy produced by green power
C. the changes in manufacturing oil and gas
D. green power companies enjoying huge investment from the government
3. The price of electric cars has been ____.
A. rising rapidly B. increasing steadily C. falling exponentially D. fluctuating wildly
4. In which year was the electricity sector in US hit by the use of green energy?
A. 2013 B.2014 C. 2015 D. 2016
5. The word "sluggish" is closest in meaning to ____.
A. inactive B. developed C. promising D. ineffective
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the sentence that best combines each pair of sentences given.
1. Trees should be planted everywhere possible. Trees absorb carbon dioxide, a greenhouse gas.
A. Trees, which should be planted everywhere possible, absorb carbon dioxide, a greenhouse gas.
B. Trees should be planted everywhere possible as they absorb carbon dioxide, a greenhouse gas.
C. Trees should be planted everywhere possible to be able to absorb carbon dioxide, a greenhouse gas.
D. Trees should be planted everywhere possible where they absorb carbon dioxide, a greenhouse gas.
2. Habitat destruction is a major cause for biodiversity loss. Habitat destruction is caused by
deforestation, overpopulation, pollution and global warming.
A. Habitat destruction is a major cause for biodiversity loss which is caused by deforestation,
overpopulation, pollution and global warming.
B. Habitat destruction due to deforestation, overpopulation, pollution and global warming is a major cause
for biodiversity loss.
C. Biodiversity loss is caused by habitat destruction that also causes deforestation, overpopulation, pollution
and global warming.
D. Biodiversity loss caused by habitat destruction causes deforestation, overpopulation, pollution and global
warming.
3. To conserve fossil fuels people can choose to use hybrid cars. Some of these cars will run on electricity
combined with using small amounts of gas.
A. To conserve fossil fuels people can choose to use hybrid cars, some of which will run on electricity
combined with using small amounts of gas.
B. To conserve fossil fuels people can choose to use hybrid cars which will run on electricity combined with
using small amounts of gas.
C. To conserve fossil fuels people can choose to use hybrid cars, some will run on electricity combined with
using small amounts of gas.
D. To conserve fossil fuels people can choose to use hybrid cars, they will run on electricity combined with
using small amounts of gas.
4. Biodiversity has its own economic importance. Protection of biodiversity is important.
A. Biodiversity has its own economic importance, so protection of biodiversity is important.
B. Biodiversity has its own economic importance that protection of biodiversity is important.
C. Protection of biodiversity is so important that biodiversity has its own economic importance.
D. Protection of biodiversity is important to make biodiversity have its own economic importance.
5. One should understand and know the importance of recycling waste materials. One simple benefit of
recycling is it saves our resources.
A. One should understand and know the importance of recycling waste materials, that one simple benefit of
recycling is it saves our resources.
B. One should understand and know the importance of recycling waste materials, one simple benefit of
recycling is it saves our resources.
C. One should understand and know the importance of recycling waste materials, one simple benefit of
which is it saves our resources.
D. One should understand and know the importance of recycling waste materials as one simple benefit of
recycling is it saves our resources.
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the word(s) CLOSEST in meaning to the underlined word(s)
in each of the following questions.
1. We are facing severe environmental pollution despite the fact that many world organizations are working
hard to reduce it.
A. heavy B. destructive C. harmful D. serious
2. Stop the degradation of the planet's natural environment and build a future in which humans live in
harmony with nature.
A. coexist peacefully with B. fall in love with C. agree with D. cooperate with
3. WWF was set up in 1961 and had its operations in areas such as the preservation of biological diversity.
A. difference B. abundance C. variety D. plenty
4. Air pollution is a consequence of fossil fuel burning by motor vehicles, factories, aircraft and rockets.
A. product B. example C. harm D. result
5. The natural environment has been seriously influenced and degraded by human activities through many
decades.
A. worsened B. damaged C. destroyed D. reduced
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct word or phrase
that best fits each of the numbered blanks.
Some experts fear that many people are becoming overweight. Adults are encouraged to exercise for
a minimum of thirty minutes, five times a week, and the average person is (1) ____ to take 10,000 steps per
day to maintain basic (2) ____, but it is a fact that few office workers manage to take more than 5,000.
Now architects have (3) ____ 'fit' office buildings which encourage employees to become healthier
because they have to walk while they are at work. In these buildings, meeting rooms and car parks are
placed a long way from office desks so that workers have to walk to (4) ____ them. In one building the cafe
is (5) ____ in the furthest section so that some workers have to walk as (6) ____ as half a kilometer to and
from lunch. There is special emphasis on (7) ____ people to use stairs instead of lifts, and long staircases are
broken into flights of no more than nine stairs, so that they don't look so difficult to climb. There are also
large windows which provide attractive (8) ____over the city. (9) ____, the lifts are not easy to get access to,
and in some buildings, they only stop at one floor in three.
It's a design policy for a fitter environment which encourages people to walk without making it
appear to be (10) ____ work - but will it be successful? Only time will tell.
1. A. recommended B. suggested C. proposed D. approved
2. A. condition B. fitness C. shape D. size
3. A. invented B. modelled C. schemed D. designed
4. A. arrive B. get C. reach D. come
5. A. located B. settled C. discovered D. set
6. A. well B. far C. soon D. little
7. A. making B. letting C. persuading D. bringing
8. A. looks B. sights C. pictures D. views
9. A. On the other hand B. Although C. In spite of D. So that
10. A. tough B. difficult C. hard D. bad
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of
the questions.
Those who are concerned with protecting the environment often use the words conservation and
preservation. These two terms are often confused and are used to mean the same thing, although differences
exist.
Conservation is the sustainable use and management of natural resources including wildlife, water,
air, and earth deposits. Natural resources may be renewable or non-renewable. The conservation of
renewable resources like trees involves ensuring that they are not consumed faster than they can be
replaced. The conservation of non-renewable resources like fossil fuels involves ensuring that sufficient
quantities are maintained for future generations to utilise. Conservation of natural resources usually focuses
on the needs and interests of human beings, for example the biological, economic, cultural and recreational
values such resources have. The rain forest for example, contains a wide range of biodiversity, providing
food stocks for local populations and a source of timber and medicines for other countries. Conservationists
accept that development is necessary for a better future, but only when the changes take place in ways that
are not wasteful. What the conservationist opposes is not the harnessing of nature for mankind's
progression, but the fact that all too often the environment comes off the worse for wear.
Preservation, in contrast to conservation, attempts to maintain in their present condition areas of the
Earth that are so far untouched by humans. This is due to the concern that mankind is encroaching onto the
environment at such a rate that many untamed landscapes are being given over to farming, industry,
housing, tourism and other human developments, and that we are losing too much of what is 'natural'. Like
conservationists, some preservationists support the protection of nature for purely human-centred reasons.
Stronger advocates of preservation however, adopt a less human-centred approach to environmental
protection, placing a value on nature that does not relate to the needs and interests of human beings. Deep
green ecology argues that ecosystems and individual species should be preserved whatever the cost,
regardless of their usefulness to humans, and even if their continued existence would prove harmful to us.
This follows from the belief that every living thing has a right to exist and should be preserved.
1. What should be the best title of the passage?
A. Conservation and Preservation B. Conservation or Preservation
C. Conservation, not Preservation D. Conservation for Preservation
2. The word "they" in the passage refers to ____.
A. trees B. renewable resources C. natural resources D. deposits
3. According to the passage, conservationists support all of the following EXCEPT that ____.
A. non-renewable resources must be sufficiently saved for future generations
B. renewable resources must not be consumed faster than they can be replaced
C. conservation focuses on the needs and interests of human beings properly
D. any changes can be taken so that humans beings develop for a better future
3. The rain forest is mentioned in the passage as an example of ____.
A. natural tourist attractions
B. sources of medicines for people
C. where local people can find and keep food stocks
D. how natural resources are valuable to humans
5. The word "harnessing" in the passage can be best replaced with ____.
A. exploitation B. usage C. consumption D. production
6. The phrase "the worse for wear" in the passage most likely describes a state of being ____.
A. exhausted B. worn out C. used up D. run out
7. According to the passage, reservation generally refers to which of the following?
A. that the natural resources exist not for humans' need
B. making sure that no resources are used in a wasteful way
C. saving natural resources for future generations' needs and interests
D. maintaining the untouched areas of the Earth in their current state
8. The word "untamed" in the passage almost means ____.
A. not having been explored B. having been reconstructed
C. not having been visited D. having been industrialized
9. The word "advocates" in the passage can be best replaced with ____.
A. fans B. supporters C. holders D. fighters
10. It can be learnt from the passage that both 'conservationists' and 'reservationists' ____.
A. focus on the needs and interests of human beings
B. protect the natural resources for the sake of themselves
C. work to protect the Earth and its biodiversity
D. save all individual species regardless of their values
Mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct response to each of the following exchanges.

1. During the trip, we can visit some wildlife reserves to see lions and giraffes.
A. That's great. How does it work? B. Oh, I see. No problem.
C. Really? I am so excited. D. That was OK at first.
2. Do you know which animal sleeps the most?
A. Let me see. B. Let me think.
C. Let me try it. D. Let me down.
3. Everyone should learn more about how to treat the environment well.
A. It's a fact B. I'm afraid not.
C. Definitely. D. It's not true.
PART B
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the word whose underlined part differs from the other three
in pronunciation in each of the following questions.
1. A. newsletter B. preservation C. greenhouse D. result
2. A. focus B. topic C. most D. follow
3. A. pollution B. destruction C. consumption D. reduction
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the word that differs from the other three in position the of
the primary stress in each of the following questions.
1. A. instrument B. engineer C. newsletter D. family
2. A. vehicle B. musical C. article D. reduction
3. A. consumption B. chemical C. neighborhood D. pesticide
4. A. erosion B. atmosphere C. resources D. confusion
5. A. volunteer B. charity C. vegetable D. injury
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the underlined part that needs correction in each of the
following sentences.
1. (A) As our actions have been not (B) in favor of protect this planet, (C) we have seen natural disasters
(D) striking us more often in the form of flash floods, tsunamis and cyclones.
2. (A) At the end, everybody (B) cleaned up the whole room, (C) that I hadn't (D) expected before.
3. He (A) drinks quite a lot, (B) what is (C) why he is (D) so ill.
4. Being waited for the paint (B) to dry, I (C) walked around and (D) talked to the engineers.
5. My beautiful (A) and intelligent sister (B) turned off TV, (C) sat down and (D) start to cry.
6. I (A) came to class very early, (B) so the teacher (C) was late (D) due to heavy traffic.
7. (A) The temperature (B) increases (C) significantly, (D) what makes the ice melt faster.
8. You (A) are not rich (B) enough (C) for buying (D) whatever you like.
9. (A) Which is good for (B) such an old lady (C) like her is (D) that she is healthy enough to cycle.
10. I (A) spent my holiday in (B) the country (C) where is (D) peaceful and picturesque.
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the following sentences.
1. Land pollution can have huge environmental impact ____ the form of air pollution and soil pollution
which in turn can have adverse effect on human health.
A. on B. in C. to D. with
2. Poaching ____ the greatest threat to many species.
A. creates B. presents C. poses D. produces
3. ____ is wiping out many kinds of plants and animals.
A. Deterioration B. Deforestation C. Deformation D. Degradation
4. Fossil fuel utilization brings about discharge of greenhouse gases, ____ causes environmental change.
A. which B. that C. it D. they
5. The tiger is ____ of extinction. It is difficult to find them in the wild.
A. on the way B. on the rocks C. on the verge D. on the ground
6. Genetic engineering of food brings about expanded poisons and sicknesses ____ qualities from a
hypersensitive plant can exchange to target plants.
A. so B. that C. as D. though
7. Switching to ____ eco-light bulb is one way to protect the environment.
A. energy-wasting B. energy-expending C. energy-lacking D. energy-saving
8. I never leave any electrical appliances on standby and I think it is a good way to....energy in the home.
A. reserve B. preserve C. serve D. conserve
9. Every ____ piece of equipment was sent to the fire.
A. consumable B. spendable C. available D. disposable
10. In Singapore, people try to ____ 80% of all waste.
A. reprocess B. reclaim C. recycle D. reuse
11. We need to act quickly to ____ to climate change, or it will be a disaster for the whole planet.
A. adapt B. contribute C. lead D. object
12. Noise pollution is a common form of pollution that causes temporary disruption ____ there is excessive
amount of unpleasant noise.
A. where B. that C. how D. when
13. Current environmental problems make us vulnerable ____ disasters and tragedies, now and in the future.
A. with B. at C. in D. to
14. ____ we address the various issues prudently and seriously, we are surely doomed for disaster.
A. If B. When C. Unless D. Though
15. Depletion of the ozone layer of the atmosphere is ____ to pollution caused by Chlorine and Bromide
found in Chlorofloro carbons (CFC's).
A. attributed B. subjected C. indebted D. entitled
16. Acid rain can be caused due to combustion of fossil fuels or erupting volcanoes or rotting vegetation
which ____ sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides into the atmosphere.
A. release B. releases C. is releasing D. have released
17. As the human population grows and grows, natural resources are being used at a rapid rate, and large
areas of forest are being converted ____ human use.
A. for B. to C. into D. in
18. Environmentalists are furious with the American Government for delaying measures which will reduce
greenhouse gas ____.
A. exhaust fumes B. smokes C. wastes D. emissions
19. There's has been a steady rise in the average temperature around the planet over the last hundred years or
so, and the majority of scientists put it ____ to human activity.
A. down B. back C. up D. across
20. It is predicted that over the next few decades many species will die ____ as once fertile areas turn to
desert.
A. from B. out С. of D. down
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of
the questions.
Countries around the world have growing mountains of trash because people are throwing out more trash
than ever before. How did we become a throwaway society?
First of all, it is now easier to replace an item than to spend time and money to repair it. Thanks to modern
manufacturing and technology, companies are able to produce items quickly and inexpensively. Products are
plentiful and prices are low, so we would rather buy something new than repair it. Even if we did want to
repair something, many items are almost impossible to repair. These products contain many tiny,
complicated parts. Some even contain small computer chips. It's easier to throw these items away and buy
new ones than to fix them.
Another contributing factor is our love of disposable products. As busy people, we are always looking for
ways to save time and make our lives easier. Why should we use cloth kitchen towels? It's easier to use
paper towel once and toss it out. Companies manufacture thousands of different kinds of disposable items:
paper plates, plastic cups, cameras, and razors for shaving, to name a few. The problem is that disposable
products also contribute to our trash problem.
Our appetite for new products also contributes to the problem. We are addicted to buying things. As
consumers, we want the latest clothes, the best TVs, and cellphones with west features. Companies tell us to
buy, buy, and buy. Advertisements persuade us wer is better. The result is that we throw away useful
possessions to make room for new ones.
1. Which of the following is NOT a reason for people to replace a broken item?
A. Products are now mass produced at affordable prices.
B. It takes almost no time to fix broken items.
C. Many items are too complicated to repair.
D. Some products contain tiny, complicated chips.
2. All of the following are disposable products, EXCEPT ____.
A. cloth kitchen towels B. paper plates C. plastic cups D. razors for shaving
3. The word “disposable" in paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to ____.
A. convenient B. inexpensive C. throwaway D. single-use
4. Why are we hooked on buying new things?
A. We throw the old items to make room for the new ones.
B. We have more money than ever before.
C. We want to own as many things as possible.
D. We are made to believe that the new is the better.
5. The word “appetite” in the last paragraph can be best replaced by ____.
A. need B. demand C. desire D. taste
Mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the word(s) CLOSEST in meaning to the underlined word(s)
in each of the following questions.
1. For environmental safety, we need to find ways to reduce the emission of fumes and smoke of factories.
A. leak B. release C. poison D. pollutant
2. We have to suffer from traffic congestion and pollution every day.
A. accident B. fullness C. mass D. crowd
3. The African rhino is an endangered species and needs protecting.
A. unstable B. dangerous C. insecure D. indefensible
4. We can protect many species by keeping them in wildlife reserves.
A. protected land B. waste land C. theme park D. territory
5. Scientists are trying to find an energy that consumes less fuel.
A. waste B. destroy C. eat up D. use
6. Modern buildings are designed to maximize natural light.
A. absorb B. increase C. let D. diminish
7. Rooftop gardens prevent buildings from absorbing heat from the sun, which can significantly reduce
cooling bills. 
A. trivially B. unparticularly C. remarkably D. meaninglessly
8. Solar radiation can be converted either into thermal energy (heat) or into electrical energy, though the
former is easier to accomplish. 
A. transformed B. absorbed C. released D. exchanged
9. Adopting a green lifestyle can often be time-consuming for those who are fully committed to green
living. 
A. abandoned B. devoted C. dependent D. relevant
10. Solar technology has also emerged for the clean and renewable production of hydrogen as an alternative
energy source.
A. infinite  B. substitute C. endless D. restricted
Choose the word or phrase among A, B, C or D that best fits the blank space in the following passage. 
Fossil fuels are used to generate the majority of the world's energy, and they come in different forms.
For example, coal may be burned in a power (1) ____ to generate electricity, but gasoline is burned in a car's
engine to make it run. Neither of these two sources is considered green energy because they produce a lot of
pollution when they are burned. In addition, they come from a source that is inevitably going to (2) ____.
Green energy can be defined as any energy source that is to some degree non-polluting. When it is
called (3) ____, this means that a person can replace the same amount of energy that was consumed by that
person (4) ____ that person's lifetime. Since it took millions and millions of years to create the fossil fuels
that we now burn, we know that they cannot be replaced by us. 
Wind power and solar power, (5) ____ harnessed properly, are two excellent sources of green
energy. Once the necessary parts such as wind turbines to generate wind power and solar panels to create
solar power have been produced, only the pollution from the production is left.
1. A. point B. outlet  C. factory D. plant
2. A. run out of B. run out C. burn out D. cut out
3. A. durable B. sustainable C. harmful D. effective
4. A. along B. about  C. within  D. during 
5. A. where B. when  C. which  D. what 
Choose the word or phrase from the box that best fits the blank space in the following passage. 
Experts in climatology and other scientists are becoming extremely concerned about the changes to
our climate which are taking place. Admittedly, climate changes have occurred on our planet before. For
example, there have been several ice ages or glacial periods. These climatic changes, however, were
different from the modern ones in that they occurred gradually and, as far as we know, naturally. The
changes currently being monitored are said to be the result not of natural causes, but of human activity.
Furthermore, the rate of change is becoming alarmingly rapid. 
The major problem is that the planet appears to be warming up. According to some experts, this
warming process, known as global warming, is occurring at a rate unprecedented in the last 10,000 years.
The implications for the planet are very serious. Rising global temperatures could give rise to such
ecological disasters as extremely high increases in the incidence of flooding and of droughts. These could
have a harmful effect on agriculture. It is thought that this unusual warming on the Earth has been caused by
so-called greenhouse gases, such as carbon dioxide, being emitted into the atmosphere by car engines and
modern industrial processes, for example. Such gases not only add to the pollution of the atmosphere, but
also create a greenhouse effect, by which the heat of the sun is trapped. This leads to the warming up of the
planet.
Politicians are also concerned about climate change and there are now regular summits on the
subject, attended by representatives from around 180 of the world's industrialized countries. Of these
summits, the most important took place in Kyoto in Japan in 1997. There it was agreed that the most
industrialized countries would try to reduce the volume of greenhouse gas emissions and were given targets
for this reduction of emissions. 
It was also suggested that more forests should be planted to create so-called sinks to absorb
greenhouse gases. At least part of the problem of rapid climate change has been caused by too drastic
deforestation. 
Sadly, the targets are not being met. Even more sadly, global warnings about climate changes are
often still being regarded as scaremongering.
1. According to the passage, in what way did the climate changes in the ice ages differ from the modern
ones?
A. They occurred naturally over a long period of time.
B. They were partly intended.
C. They were wholly the result of human activity. 
D. They were fully monitored by humans.
2. The word "alarmingly" in paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to ____.
A. disapprovingly B. disappointingly C. surprisingly D. worryingly
3. According to the passage, agriculture could  ____.
A. make the global warming more serious
B. be indirectly affected by the global temperature rises
C. give rise to many ecological disasters 
D. be directly damaged by the rises in global temperature
4. Greenhouse gases cause the warming up of the Earth because they ____.
A. are emitted by car engines B. trap heat from the sun
C. do not add to atmosphere pollution D. are unusual gases 
5. It can be inferred from the passage that the countries which are mainly responsible for global
warming are ____.
A. countries with the warmest climate B. developing countries 
C. developed countries D. the most industrialized countries 
6. Which of the following is NOT true, according to the passage? 
A. Carbon dioxide is one of the gases that may cause the so-called greenhouse effect
B. The so-called sinks created by forests can absorb greenhouse gases.
C. The problem of rapid climate change has been caused mainly by deforestation. 
D. Politicians are among those who are concerned about climate change.
7. The word "drastic" in paragraph 4 is closest in meaning to ____.
A. hard  B. severe  C. widespread D. obvious
8. What is probably the writer's attitude toward global warning?
A. Optimistic B. Pessimistic  C. Neutral  D. Positive 
Mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the sentence that is closest in meaning to each of the following
questions.
1. People in Australia are so environmentally-friendly that they create the greenest country in the world.
A. Australia is the greenest country in the world though the people are environmentally friendly
B. Australia is the greenest country in the world because the people are environmentally friendly.
C. Australia is the greenest country in the world while the people are environmentally-friendly.
D. Australia is the greenest country in the world if the people are environmentally friendly.
2. When the class was over, the students ran out, screamed and shouted.
A. As long as the class finished, the students ran out, screamed and shouted.
B. No sooner had the class been over than the students ran out, screamed and shouted.
C. Once the class had finished, the students ran out, screamed and shouted.
D. If the class was over, the students would run out, scream and shout.
3. At no time has Jane asked me when she uses my bathroom.
A. Jane is always using my bathroom without asking!
B. It is very unusual for Jane to ask me when she uses my bathroom.
C. Jane has no time to ask me when she uses my bathroom.
D. Sometimes Jane asks me when she uses my bathroom.
4. He was about to do something when his mother suddenly shouted out.
A. He was doing something when his mother suddenly shouted out.
B. He refused to do something about his mother suddenly shouting out.
C. He was on the point of doing something when his mother suddenly shouted out.
D. His mother's sudden shouting out helped him to do something.
5. Merry allows her children to stay up late on Saturday evenings.
A. Merry makes her children stay up late on Saturday evenings.
B. Merry gets her children to stay up late on Saturday evenings.
C. Merry helps her children stay up late on Saturday evenings.
D. Merry lets her children stay up late on Saturday evenings.
6. I was under a strong impression that she had not told the truth.
A. I believed that she had not told the truth. B. I doubted that she was not impressed to tell the truth.
C. I protested that she had not told the truth. D. I insisted that she had not told the truth.
Mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the word(s) CLOSEST in meaning to the underlined word(s)
in each of the following questions.
1. The sun is a powerful energy source, and this energy source can be harnessed by installing solar panels. 
A. dug  B. transmitted C. devastated D. exploited
2. Pollution poses health hazards, endangers wild life and makes the planet unsafe for future human
survival. 
A. stems  B. triggers off C. results from D. be caused by
3. Any environmental damage must be punishable by law, and polluters should pay compensation for the
damage caused to the environment.
A. rewards  B. ransom C. damages D. savings
4. Pollution had also been a major problem, devastating the natural habitats of many animals and damaging
the earth beyond repair. 
A. hopeful B. recoverable C. reversible D. past mending
5. Solar panels could be used on the new development as part of a drive towards environmental
sustainability. 
A. steadiness B. inconstancy C. change D. fluctuation
6. Hazardous gases refer to all kinds of gas that can be potentially harmful to humans in certain
concentrations.
A. secure B. certain  C. excessive D. noxious
7. Many herbicides and pesticides take a long time to degrade and build up in the soils or throughout the
food chain.
A. dignify B. accumulate C. defrost  D. deteriorate 
8. There are plenty of potential toxins still being ignored, with less than half of the 5,000 new chemicals
widely dispersed throughout the environment since 1950.
A. harmless compounds  B. safe matters 
C. poisonous substances  D. immortal particles
9. One out of every four premature deaths in India in 2015, or some 2.5 million, was attributed to pollution.
A. associated with B. got along with C. derived from D. broken down
10. The authorities are now making a determined effort to adapt to the climate change in mountain regions
to ensure that climbing can continue.
A. preserve B. stabilize C. adjust to D. generate
11. The biological agents now in use are environmentally benign and are harmless to humans. 
A. hostile  B. unfriendly C. friendly D. unfavorable
12. Renewable resources are exploited so much that they will never be able to recover completely.
A. destroyed B. run off C. utilized D. built up