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Python language

The document explains how to access items in a list using both positive and negative indexing, with examples provided for clarity. It also covers checking for the presence of items in a list and printing a range of items using specified start and end indices, including options for skipping elements. Additionally, examples demonstrate printing alternate values and every nth value within a specified range.

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ghodkesumit01
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2 views

Python language

The document explains how to access items in a list using both positive and negative indexing, with examples provided for clarity. It also covers checking for the presence of items in a list and printing a range of items using specified start and end indices, including options for skipping elements. Additionally, examples demonstrate printing alternate values and every nth value within a specified range.

Uploaded by

ghodkesumit01
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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List Index

Each item/element in a list has its own unique index. This index can be used to access any particular
item from the list. The first item has index [0], second item has index [1], third item has index [2] and
so on.

Example:
colors = ["Red", "Green", "Blue", "Yellow", "Green"]
# [0] [1] [2] [3] [4]

Accessing list items


We can access list items by using its index with the square bracket syntax []. For example colors[0]
will give "Red", colors[1] will give "Green" and so on...

Positive Indexing:
As we have seen that list items have index, as such we can access items using these indexes.

Example:
colors = ["Red", "Green", "Blue", "Yellow", "Green"]
# [0] [1] [2] [3] [4]
print(colors[2])
print(colors[4])
print(colors[0])

Output:
Blue
Green
Red

Negative Indexing:
Similar to positive indexing, negative indexing is also used to access items, but from the end of the
list. The last item has index [-1], second last item has index [-2], third last item has index [-3] and so
on.

Example:
colors = ["Red", "Green", "Blue", "Yellow", "Green"]
# [-5] [-4] [-3] [-2] [-1]
print(colors[-1])
print(colors[-3])
print(colors[-5])

Output:
Green
Blue
Red

Check whether an item in present in the list?


We can check if a given item is present in the list. This is done using the in keyword.
colors = ["Red", "Green", "Blue", "Yellow", "Green"]
if "Yellow" in colors:
print("Yellow is present.")
else:
print("Yellow is absent.")

Output:
Yellow is present.
colors = ["Red", "Green", "Blue", "Yellow", "Green"]
if "Orange" in colors:
print("Orange is present.")
else:
print("Orange is absent.")

Output:
Orange is absent.

Range of Index:
You can print a range of list items by specifying where you want to start, where do you want to end
and if you want to skip elements in between the range.
Syntax:
listName[start : end : jumpIndex]
Note: jump Index is optional. We will see this in later examples.

Example: printing elements within a particular range:


animals = ["cat", "dog", "bat", "mouse", "pig", "horse", "donkey", "goat",
"cow"]
print(animals[3:7]) #using positive indexes
print(animals[-7:-2]) #using negative indexes'
Output:
['mouse', 'pig', 'horse', 'donkey']
['bat', 'mouse', 'pig', 'horse', 'donkey']
Here, we provide index of the element from where we want to start and the index of the element till
which we want to print the values.
Note: The element of the end index provided will not be included.

Example: printing all element from a given index till the end
animals = ["cat", "dog", "bat", "mouse", "pig", "horse", "donkey", "goat",
"cow"]
print(animals[4:]) #using positive indexes
print(animals[-4:]) #using negative indexes

Output:
['pig', 'horse', 'donkey', 'goat', 'cow']
['horse', 'donkey', 'goat', 'cow']
When no end index is provided, the interpreter prints all the values till the end.

Example: printing all elements from start to a given index


animals = ["cat", "dog", "bat", "mouse", "pig", "horse", "donkey", "goat",
"cow"]
print(animals[:6]) #using positive indexes
print(animals[:-3]) #using negative indexes

Output:
['cat', 'dog', 'bat', 'mouse', 'pig', 'horse']
['cat', 'dog', 'bat', 'mouse', 'pig', 'horse']
When no start index is provided, the interpreter prints all the values from start up to the end index
provided.

Example: Printing alternate values


animals = ["cat", "dog", "bat", "mouse", "pig", "horse", "donkey", "goat",
"cow"]
print(animals[::2]) #using positive indexes
print(animals[-8:-1:2]) #using negative indexes

Output:
['cat', 'bat', 'pig', 'donkey', 'cow']
['dog', 'mouse', 'horse', 'goat']
Here, we have not provided start and index, which means all the values will be considered. But as
we have provided a jump index of 2 only alternate values will be printed.

Example: printing every 3rd consecutive value withing a


given range
animals = ["cat", "dog", "bat", "mouse", "pig", "horse", "donkey", "goat",
"cow"]
print(animals[1:8:3])

Output:
['dog', 'pig', 'goat
Here, jump index is 3. Hence it prints every 3rd element within given index.

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