PYTHON LISTS,TUPLE AND

DICTIONARY

LISTS
What is a List?

A list is a collection which is ordered and changeable. In Python lists are written with
square brackets.

The important characteristics of Python lists are as follows:

 Lists are ordered.
 Lists can contain any arbitrary objects.
 List elements can be accessed by index.
 Lists can be nested to arbitrary depth.
 Lists are mutable.
 Lists are dynamic.

Example

To Create a List:

thislist = ["apple", "banana", "cherry"]

print(thislist)
It can have any number of items and they may be of different types (integer, float,
string etc.).
# empty list
my_list = []

# list of integers
my_list = [1, 2, 3]

# list with mixed data types

my_list = [1, "Hello", 3.4]
Also, a list can even have another list as an item. This is called nested list.
# nested list
my_list = ["mouse", [8, 4, 6], ['a']]
To access Items

You access the list items by referring to the index number:

Example

Print the second item of the list:

thislist = ["apple", "banana", "cherry"]

print(thislist[1])
my_list = ['p','r','o','b','e']
# Output: p
print(my_list[0])

# Output: o
print(my_list[2])

# Output: e
print(my_list[4])

# Error! Only integer can be used for indexing

# my_list[4.0]

# Nested List
n_list = ["Happy", [2,0,1,5]]

# Nested indexing

# Output: a
print(n_list[0][1])

# Output: 5
print(n_list[1][3])
Negative indexing

Python allows negative indexing for its sequences. The index of -1 refers to the last item, -2
to the second last item and so on.

my_list = ['p','r','o','b','e']

# Output: e
print(my_list[-1])

# Output: p
print(my_list[-5])

How to slice lists in Python?

We can access a range of items in a list by using the slicing operator (colon).

my_list = ['p','r','o','g','r','a','m','i','z']
# elements 3rd to 5th
print(my_list[2:5])

# elements beginning to 4th

print(my_list[:-5])

# elements 6th to end

print(my_list[5:])

# elements beginning to end

print(my_list[:])
To Change Item Value
To change the value of a specific item, refer to the index number:
Example

Change the second item:

thislist = ["apple", "banana", "cherry"]

thislist[1] = "blackcurrant"
print(thislist)
Loop Through a List

You can loop through the list items by using a for loop:

Example

Print all items in the list, one by one:

thislist = ["apple", "banana", "cherry"]

for x in thislist:
print(x)

thislist = ["apple", "banana", "cherry"]

if "apple" in thislist:
print("Yes, 'apple' is in the fruits list")

To add Items using built in function

To add an item to the end of the list, use the append() method:

Example

Using the append() method to append an item:

thislist = ["apple", "banana", "cherry"]

thislist.append("orange")
print(thislist)

To add an item at the specified index, use the insert() method:

Example

Insert an item as the second position:

thislist = ["apple", "banana", "cherry"]

thislist.insert(1, "orange")
print(thislist)
Remove Item There are several methods to remove items from a list:

Example

The remove() method removes the specified item:

thislist = ["apple", "banana", "cherry"]

thislist.remove("banana")
print(thislist)
Example

The pop() method removes the specified index, (or the last item if index is not
specified):

thislist = ["apple", "banana", "cherry"]

thislist.pop()
print(thislist)

The del keyword removes the specified index:

thislist = ["apple", "banana", "cherry"]
del thislist[0]
print(thislist)

The clear() method empties the list:

thislist = ["apple", "banana", "cherry"]
thislist.clear()
print(thislist)

Copying Lists
a=[10,20,30,40,50]
b=a
print a
print b
a[3]=45
print a
print b
# the above method shows that a is copied to b and if something modified in
# a will get refleted in b
# when both lists to be treated separately then the following method will be used
b=list(a)
a[0]=12
print a
print b

List Functions
a=[10,20,30,40]
del a[1]
print a
a.pop(0) # pop and del will do the same.in del method index is mandatory
print a # in pop index is optinal if skipped then the last value will be deleted
k=a.pop()
print a
print k
# In case if we dont know the index position then the element will be removed with
the help of element (value) directly
a1=[100,200,300,400]
a1.remove(200)
print a1
a1.reverse()
print a1

z=['h','n','g','f','y']
z.sort()
print z
z.reverse()
print z
Program to eliminate duplicate values
d=[12,4,5,12,6,4,7,5]
list1 = []
for num in d:
if num not in list1:
list1.append(num)

print(list1)

Palindrome
a=['racecar','amma','sam','abba','ram']
for i in a:
if i[0]==i[-1]:
print(i)

Slicing: l=[12,3,4,5,6,7,8,9]

print(l[::]) [12, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]
print(l[:]) [12, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]
print(l[:3]) [12, 3, 4]
print(l[0:3]) [12, 3, 4]
print(l[1:5]) [3, 4, 5, 6]
print(l[::2]) [12, 4, 6, 8]
print(l[::-1]) [9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 12]
print(l[::-2]) [9, 7, 5, 3]
print(l[-5:]) [5, 6, 7, 8, 9]
print(l[-6:-2]) [4, 5, 6, 7]
 print(l[6:1:-1]) [8, 7, 6, 5, 4]

Tuples
Tuples are immutable
#create a tuple
tuplex = "w", 3, "r", "s", "o", "u", "r", "c", "e"
print(tuplex)
t1=(12,3,5,6,66.7)
print (t1)
print len(t1)
print max(t1)
print (min(t1))
my_tuple = ('a','p','p','l','e',)
print(my_tuple.count('p')) # Output: 2
print(my_tuple.index('l')) # Output: 3

# packing-creating the tuple is called packing

# taking individual elements is called unpacking
t1=("nn",12,"kk","nn",67)
a,b,c,d,e=t1
#t1=a,b,c,d,e
print a
print b
print c
print d
print e

Dictionary
Unordered collection of data . Used to store data like a map
# You may also use different types other than strings for key/value pairs.
# Assigns an integer value to the 'key2' key.
d['key2'] = 1234567890

# Assigns a list value to the 'key3' key.

d['key3'] = ['a', 'b', 'c']

# Assigns a tuple value to the 'key4' key.

d['key4'] = (1, 2, 3)
# Even the key can be a type other than strings.
# The key here is an float.
d[98.6] = 'temperature'

# Prints the contents of the dictionary.

print ('d = ', d)
To get keys, values and items from the dictionary

sp = {}

sp["one"] = "uno"

sp["two"] = "dos"

for k in sp.keys():

print("Got key", k, "which maps to value", sp[k])

print list(sp.values()) # will print values

print list(sp.items()) # will print both keys and values

for (k,v) in sp.items():

print("Got",k,"that maps to",v)

other functions
d1={'name': 'Ram', 'roll': 101, 'mark': 80}

# len will find the length of the dictionary

print len(d1)

#del will delete the particular item . And the argument will be the key

del d["name"]

del d # will delete the entire dictionary

#del will delete the particular item . And the argument will be the key

d1.pop('roll')

print (dict1)

pop() can remove any item from a dictionary as long as you specify the key.

# update is used to merge 2 dictionaries

emp2={'Ravi':'Cricket','Suriya':'Football','Amrith':'Tennis'}

emp3={'Rama':'TT','Rini':'Basketball','Raghu':'Athletis'}

emp2.update(emp3)

print (emp2)