NEMSU – Cantilan Campus

DGTT Ethics Module 5

Lesson 1: Ethical Challenges in Globalization and Modernization

INTRODUCTION
Who has thought that our lives nowadays revolve on the web/net? Online activities, especially during
this time of the pandemic, are a must or you will get behind the trend. Schools are forced to go online classes,
businesses will perish if not going online. In the words of Gallinero, et. al: Thanks to technology, our material
and immaterial “selves” are well represented in this day and age. We live and interact both in the physical
world and in virtual reality; crossing both worlds with ease. Technological developments also enabled people to
come from different cultural backgrounds and beliefs closer together. Globalization opened yet another issue
for ethical discussions. Can there be a universal ethical foundation for this flat, multi-dimensional, and
fragmented world of today?

This section addresses the following questions:

1. What are the challenges to ethical behavior in today’s world?
2. Is it still meaningful to search for universal values?
3. How do we respond to an increasingly pluralist and individualist globalized world?

We also notice that aside from the benefits of globalization, moral/ethical issues also cropped up.
Gossips and fake news go to a higher level. People are exposed to immoralities like pornography, cybersex,
cyberbullying, and all forms of scams and environmental exploitation.

ABSTRACTION
A. POLITICS
The moral challenge of globalization demands a fundamental change in values, focusing on
human security, democracy, and economic justice. By thinking globally and acting collectively, each of
us must contribute to building a more compassionate, humane, and peaceful world.
Source: https://norauuchurch.org/sermon/oelberg/global.shtm
B. CULTURE
It aims at analyzing the role that theoretical inventiveness and ethical value play in fashioning
broader cultural representation and responsibility, and shall explore issues of cultural disunity and
conflict while assessing the influence that leading intellectuals may CLO have in promoting a finer
perception of value worldwide (Arias,1999).
C. ECONOMIC
Economic globalization refers to the increasing interdependence of world economies as a result
of the growing scale of cross-border trade of commodities and services, the flow of international capital,
and the wide and rapid spread of technologies. It reflects the continuing expansion and mutual
integration of market frontiers and is an irreversible trend for the economic development in the whole
world at the turn of the millennium. The rapidly growing significance of information in all types of
productive activities and marketization are the two major driving forces for economic globalization. In
other words, the fast globalization of the world’s economies in recent years is largely based on the rapid
development of science and technologies and has resulted from the environment in which the market
economic system has been fast spreading throughout the world, and has developed based on
increasing cross-border division of labor that has been penetrating down to the level of production
chains within enterprises of different countries (Shangquan,2000).
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DGTT Ethics Module 5
D. TECHNOLOGY
The advancement of science and technologies has greatly reduced the cost of transportation
and communication, making economic globalization possible.
Source:https://www.un.org/en/development/desa/policy/cdp/cdp_background_papers/bp2000_1.pdf

E. ENVIRONMENT
We need shared values and ethics, they are vital for the proper functioning of the economic, political,
and social network and, therefore, for the well-being and development of the potential of every world
citizen. This process generates uncertainty, imbalances, and conflicts both socially (by confronting
sectors that adopt different attitudes and views regarding change) and personally. And this worry has
been exacerbated by the economic and financial crisis which, among other global problems, has
revealed ethical deficiencies in the actions of many institutions, and has again placed values at the
forefront of people’s demands, as a guide for dealing with uncertainty and as a factor of stability in
facing up to the crises and conflicts.
Source: https://www.bbvaopenmind.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/01/BBVA-OpenMind-Book-2012-
Values-and-Ethics-for-the-21st-Century.pdf

Lesson 2: “Millennials” and “Fillennials”: Ethical Challenges and Responses

INTRODUCTION
In recent years, the proverbial generation gap has become more visible in the Philippines due to
changing mores, styles, and spending habits. Marga Manlapig finds out more about the differences between
the Silent Generation, Baby Boomers, Generation X, Millennials, Generation Z, and the young leaders known
as Generation T “You just don't understand!” Over the years, these words have been the battle cry (or the
broken-hearted wail) of young people against the structure and policies imposed by their elders. It is a cry
usually followed up with a bracing statement that invariably begins with “When I was your age, we did things
differently.

ABSTRACTION
The term “Millennials” generally refers to the generation of people born between the early 1980s and
1990s, according to the Meriam-Webster dictionary. Some people also include children born in the early
2000s.
The word “Fillennials” is a Filipino term for “Millennials”
“Millennials” in the Philippines are described as those who are social media independent and also, the
“selfie” generation. “Millennials” are a most puzzling phenomenon in the generations of humans that have ever
come to be. Born at the dawn of a new age, between1980 to 2000, they are the first digital natives.
They are socially connected via multiple devices and are in some instances bordering on the obsessed
with social media, as with selfies. Yet “millennials” are also the generation that gave rise to movements.
The Philippines has a unique history that influences and shapes the attitudes, beliefs, preferences, and
value systems of the Filipino “millennials”. In this changing world, it may be true that Filipino “millennials”
generally experience life similar way that the “millennials” of other countries do since various global events
have been taking place. Nonetheless, Filipino “millennials” still differ from other “millennials” in the sense that
their personalities are still affected and shaped by Philippine culture and society.
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DGTT Ethics Module 5
The four generational groups examined in the survey are Traditionalists, Baby Boomers, Generation X
workers (Gen Xers), and “millennials” or Generation Y workers (Gen Yers).

The Traits/Qualities of “Millenials”

“Millennials” in South Africa are labeled as "youths" but regardless of the place, “millennials” have a set
of particular traits.
It is estimated that 85% of the current workforce is made up of Generation Y/Millennials. This means
that they are good marketers of business and industrial products.
This new group possessed a few similar traits that marketers can utilize to their benefit. By
understanding these traits, a marketer can tweak their existing tactics to better suit and be better received by
this powerhouse group.
Here are the traits/qualities that they possessed, in general:
1. They are confidently independent
This new group has been nurtured by their baby boomer parents up until a much later stage in
their lives. This generation has a high level of expectation placed on them. The millennial
generations are highly educated and have grown up with the internet at its fingertips. With
information as to their ammunition, they can make informed decisions on their own.
2. Comfort in the flock
This is a group that believes in strength in numbers. They are looking for a collective voice and
acceptance. “Millennials” socialize in groups both online and offline. The boom of social media
and the huge take-up of pop-up events can be seen as great examples. The voice of the group
will determine how they accept or deal with their environment. “Millennials” believe that their
groups can override the political change. Marketers, who set trends can benefit from utilizing
teams of similar personality traits to work on specific tasks for marketing their business.
3. Simplicity
“Millennials” do not tolerate "things" that do not work and they will tell people about it too. This
generation will easily source an alternative if people about it too.
4. They want to experience engaging in business
Any product or service can be engaging in the “millennials”. “Millennials” are far easier to
engage with if the brand or product provides an experience. This goes back to why the
generation is sometimes called "Generation Me". They are constantly searching for something
new, something exotic, something adventurous. By adding value to their experience, marketers
and employees create the impression that they are special and leave the segment with
something they will remember. It is important to tap into their EQ.
5. Creativity achievers
This group has hundreds of thousands of creative influences at their disposal through the
internet. With this amount of influence, a new era of creativity is born. With a combination of
their attention-seeking traits and the need to achieve, this segment has the recipe to produce
outstanding creativity.
6. Uniquely
“Millennials” are very creative at taking a common fad and making it their own.
7. No Brand boundaries
“Millenials” want to be heard and want to influence. “Millennials” see brands as a personal
relationship and need to understand the personal benefit to their lives.
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DGTT Ethics Module 5
8. Multitasker
“Millennials” are multitasking pros and can juggle many responsibilities at once. This also
means that they are easily distracted and find social media and texting hard to resist

Lesson 3: Ethical Decision Making

INTRODUCTION
In a real-life scenario, students must know how to deal with moral dilemmas, wherein everyone faces a
moral predicament in life. It is said that it requires practice before you master a thing. In Ethics, there is a need
to master some moral dilemmas so that when we face them in real-life, we will be able to surmount or
transcend this. Young students nowadays are prone to suicide or whatever sort of immoral activities, so, they
should be equipped with ethical theories and be made to understand that moral dilemmas are part of life and
not something we have to avoid or deny in life. We need to befriend and face them squarely as part of our
maturity in life.
In an outcome-based education, this final lesson is of major significance since they will be trained on
how to face dilemmas and how to deal with them using the ethical theories being dissected. Although, this is
just a follow-up to the previous requirements. They are expected to apply the principles of each ethical theory
based on the question being asked in every step of the Moral Reasoning Model.
ABSTRACTION
Ethical decision-making refers to the process of evaluating and choosing among alternatives in a
manner consistent with ethical principles, rules, and virtues or the maintenance of relationships to guide or
judge an individual or the group’s decisions or intended actions. In the context of decision-making, our ethics
are our standards of right and wrong. They are the basis for making ethically sensitive decisions.

Steps in Ethical Decision Making

1. Recognizing an ethical issue
2. Consider the Parties Involved
3. Gather all of the Relevant Information
4. Formulate Action and Consider Alternatives
5. Make a Decision and Consider It
6. Act
7. Reflect on the outcome Recognizing an ethical issue

THE 7-STEP MORAL REASONING MODEL

1. Recognizing an ethical issue - One of the most important things to do at the beginning of ethical
deliberation is to locate, to the extent possible, the specific ethical aspects of the issue at hand.
Sometimes what appears to be an ethical dispute is a dispute about facts or concepts. For example,
some Utilitarians might argue that the death penalty is ethical because it deters crime and thus
produces the greatest amount of good with the least harm. Other Utilitarians, however, might argue that
the death penalty does not deter crime, and thus produces more harm than good. The argument here is
over which facts argue for the morality of a particular action, not simply over the morality of particular
principles. All utilitarians would abide by the principle of producing the best with the least harm.
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DGTT Ethics Module 5
2. Consider the Parties Involved - Another important aspect to reflect upon is the various individuals and
groups of stakeholders who may be affected by your decision. Consider who might be harmed or who
might benefit.
3. Gather all of the Relevant Information - Before taking action, it is a good idea to make sure that you
have gathered all of the pertinent information, and that all potential sources of information have been
consulted.
4. Formulate Action and Consider Alternatives- Evaluate your decision-making options by asking the
following questions.
5. Make a Decision and Consider It - After examining all of the potential actions, which best addresses the
situation? How do I feel about my choice?
6. Act - Many ethical situations are uncomfortable because we can never have all of the information. Even
so, we must often take action.
7. Reflect on the outcome - What were the results of my decision? What were the intended and
unintended consequences? Would I change anything now that I have seen the consequences?