Semi-Final Week No.: 14 Module No.: 11 Main Topic: Sub Topics

SEMI-FINAL
Week No.: 14
Module No.: 11
Main Topic: Ethics Through Thick and Thin
Sub Topics: The Challenge of Globalization
The Challenge of Pluralism
The Challenge of Fundamentalism
Millennials and Filinnials: Ethical Challenges and Response
THE CHALLENGE OF GLOBALIZATION
Globalization poses four major challenges that will have to be addressed by governments,
civil society, and other policy actors.
One is to ensure that the benefits of globalization extend to all countries. That will
certainly not happen automatically.
The second is to deal with the fear that globalization leads to instability, which is
particularly marked in the developing world.
The third challenge is to address the very real fear in the industrial world that increased
global competition will lead inexorably to a race to the bottom in wages, labor rights,
employment practices, and the environment.
And finally, globalization and all of the complicated problems related to it must not be
used as excuses to avoid searching for new ways to cooperate in the overall interest of countries
and people.
Several implications for civil society, for governments and for multinational institutions
stem from the challenges of globalization. Civil society organizations concerned with
development have traditionally focused on aid and resource transfers; they now are going to
have to broaden their agenda to deal with the much more complex issues of trade and
investment, international financial flows, environment, and migration, among others. Civil
society organizations in the old industrial countries also will have to deal with the backlash
against globalization, which is producing a growing unwillingness to support multilateral
cooperation.
Governments are going to have to decide what they mean by “civil society” and to
identify new ways of dealing with its organizations. At the Overseas Development Council, we
define civil society broadly to encompass not only development and advocacy groups, but also
corporations, financial institutions, think tanks, foundations, and a range of other groups that are
GE 2 (Ethics) by Engelbert A. Maneja, J.D. Page 1

not part of government. But governments and other actors need to decide whether civil society
is simply an effective—and even cheap—way of delivering social programs, or whether it is
good in and of itself, an essential component of a democratic society. In other words, they are
going to have to be much more precise about the purposes of working with civil society groups
and about how they fund them.
Then, there is a whole set of critical questions for the multilateral institutions, particularly
concerning participation and transparency. These issues are extremely difficult because these
remain governmental institutions, and governments often do not welcome the participation of
civil society in decisions.
Finally, there is a need for high-level political discussions among leaders from the old
industrial countries, the emerging economies, and the countries that risk marginalization by
globalization. We are urging the Group of Eight this year in London to call for a new summit on
globalization in order to begin a discussion of maximizing its benefits and minimizing its costs.
THE CHALLENGE OF PLURALISM
Ethical pluralism is the idea that there are many theories about what is “right” and “wrong”
(moral norms) which may be incompatible and/or incommensurable with your own personal
moral norms. International engagement involves working within other societies where you are
likely to be faced with different norms. Deciding when it is appropriate to act under one norm
or another requires careful consideration.
An example of a moral norm may be: “it is wrong to physically harm a child, and those
who do so should be punished.” An ethical dilemma in your international engagement may arise
when your moral norms differ from those of a society regarding:
> Treatment of/value in women and other gender/sex issues
> Treatment of/value in children and the elderly
> The environment, waste, and consumption
>Business practices, loyalty, contractual agreements, and work ethic
>Treatment of/value in animals
>Privacy and community
>Religion, religious dogma and tradition
Ethical pluralism is also known as “value” or “moral” pluralism. It is related but not identical to
the concepts of moral relativism (there exist many moral theories and there is no objective

standard by which they may be judged) and cultural relativism (that norms, values, and
practices may be understood as sensible within their respective cultural contexts).
THE CHALLENGE OF FUNDAMENTALISM

1. Fundamentalism is an ideology both shaped by and constitutive of a tortured interpretation of
history.
2. Fundamentalism includes the well-orchestrated study, preaching, and cultural re-enactment
of this constitutive history.
3. Fundamentalism is a high-stakes discourse of dualism.
4. Fundamentalism combines secular and sacred evidence in a transcendent narrative.
5. While fundamentalists shy away from others’ interpretations of events, they may be very
attentive to unfolding global and political events.
6. Moreover, fundamentalism is messianic.
7. Fundamentalism lobbies legislators to change state and ecclesiastic laws to conform to a

particular interpretation of doctrine.
CHALLENGES OF FILINNIALS AND MILLENNIALS ETHICS
MILLENNIALS
-Also known as ‘Generation Y’ or the ‘Net Generation,’ are the demographic cohort directly
following Generation X.
FILINNIALS
-term used to denote the Filipino Millennials
MILLENIALS AND FILINNIALS
The Center for Generational Kinetics mentions five generations that presently make up our
society and specifies birth years for each generation as follows;
Gen Z, iGen, or Centennials: Born 1996 and later

Millennials or Gen Y: Born 1977 to 1995
Generation X: Born 1965 to 1976
Baby Boomers: Born 1946 to 1964
Traditionalists or Silent Generation: Born 1945 and before

MILLENIALS AND FILINNIALS
•Millennials are generally the children of baby boomers and older Gen Xers
•Filinnials a term used to denote the Filipino Millennials.
•Filinnials’ generation is commonly characterized by an increased use and familiarity with
communications, media, and digital technologies.
Some of the negative traits and workplace attributes widely assigned to each cohort include:
Traditionalists – Conformers who resist change, are disciplined and pragmatic, work and
family lives never coincide, dress formally.
Boomers – Self-centered with sense of entitlement, workaholics, self-motivated, don't
appreciate feedback.
Gen Xers – Lazy, skeptical and cynical, question authority figures, desire for a work-life
balance and flexible schedule, work dress is at low end of business casual.
Millennials – Lack basic literacy fundamentals, very short attention spans, not loyal to
organization, demand immediate feedback and recognition, integrate technology into the
workplace, expect to have many employers and multiple careers, work dress is whatever feels
comfortable.
According to an analysis of the report, these differences in attitudes and traits have
resulted in a great deal of variability in many of the measures of workplace ethics. The study
found that the youngest workers are significantly more likely than their older colleagues to feel
pressure from others to break ethical rules because the pressure "eases as workers spend more
time in the workforce and learn ways of coping with their work environment." The analysis
seems to indicate that as a possible solution, companies should concentrate more on issues of
ethical culture during the orientation of new employees, which should mitigate their feeling of
not knowing much about how to act within the culture of their new workplace.
WEEK 14 GE 2 ETHICS ACTIVITY

Essay
Write your answer in a 1 whole sheet of paper.
1. What are the challenges of globalization?

2. Site some examples of the challenges of pluralism.
3.What is Fundamentalism?

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SEMI-FINAL

THE CHALLENGE OF GLOBALIZATION

GE 2 (Ethics) by Engelbert A. Maneja, J.D. Page 1

GE 2 (Ethics) by Engelbert A. Maneja, J.D. Page 2

THE CHALLENGE OF FUNDAMENTALISM

3. Fundamentalism is a high-stakes discourse of dualism.

4. Fundamentalism combines secular and sacred evidence in a transcendent narrative.

6. Moreover, fundamentalism is messianic.

7. Fundamentalism lobbies legislators to change state and ecclesiastic laws to conform to a

CHALLENGES OF FILINNIALS AND MILLENNIALS ETHICS

MILLENIALS AND FILINNIALS

Gen Z, iGen, or Centennials: Born 1996 and later

GE 2 (Ethics) by Engelbert A. Maneja, J.D. Page 3

WEEK 14 GE 2 ETHICS ACTIVITY

1. What are the challenges of globalization?

GE 2 (Ethics) by Engelbert A. Maneja, J.D. Page 4

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