contd…

Programming In MATLAB

BSCpE 4
Flow Control

2
Flow Control
• MATLAB has several flow control constructs:
– if

– switch and case

– For

– while

– Continue

– Break

– try – catch

– return

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IF-Statement

• The if statement evaluates a logical expression and executes a group of

statements when the expression is true.

• The optional elseif and else keywords provide for the execution of alternate
groups of statements.

• An end keyword, which matches the if, terminates the last group of
statements.

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IF-Statement

• The if statement evaluates a logical expression and executes a group of

statements when the expression is true.

• The optional elseif and else keywords provide for the execution of alternate
groups of statements.

• An end keyword, which matches the if, terminates the last group of
statements.

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IF-Statement
• For Example write a program that accepts a number and displays Good if
number is greater than 4 and displays Bad when number is less than 4 and
displays Exactly when number is equal to 4.

A=input('Enter any number = ');

if A>4
disp('Good')
elseif A<4
disp('Bad')
else
disp(‘Exactly')
end
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Activity#1
1. Write Down MATLAB Program to indicate that the entered
number is even or odd.

2. Write Down a MATLAB Program that accepts value of

Damping ratio (ζ) and computes maximum overshoot of the
system. Also it should display following messages.
– The system is over damped if ζ>1.

– The system is under damped if ζ<1.

– The system is critically damped if ζ=1.

−
1− 2
M =e 7
For-Statement
• The for loop repeats a group of statements a fixed,
predetermined number of times.

for I = 1:N,

for J = 1:N,

end

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Nested For-Statement
• We can also insert another for statement inside existing for
statement.

for I = 1:N,

for J = 1:N,

A(I,J) = 1/(I+J-1);

end

end

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For-Statement
• Write a MATLAB code to print table of entered number.

n=input(’Enter your desired number = ’)

for I = 1:n,

sprintf( ’%g X %g = %g’,I,n,I*n)

end

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 Activity #2
1. Write Down the MATLAB program to print first 20 odd
numbers.

2. Compute the Fourier series of square wave up to first five terms

and display graph, consider ω=1.

4 1 1 1 1
f (t ) = (cos t − cos 3t + cos 5t − cos 7t + cos 9t )
 3 5 7 9

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 Switch and Case
• The switch statement executes groups of statements based on the
value of a variable or expression.

R=input('Enter the component name = ','s');

switch R
case ('resistor')
disp('12 resistors left')
case ('capacitor')
disp('20 capacitors left')
end 12
Activity #3
1. Write Down Matlab program using switch case statement to
achieve following objectives.
• It accepts three inputs from the keyboard
▪ ovsht
▪ stime
▪ ptime
• After accepting one of these inputs jump to corresponding case
and calculate and display the given parameter consider ζ=0.1.
−
 3
tp = M =e 1− 2 ts =
4 5
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Activity #4
1. Write a MATLAB code to print table of entered number.

2. Write Down MATLAB Program that accepts a numeric value

from the keyboard and Compares this number to a randomly
generated number and indicates
– The number is greater if entered number is greater

– The number is smaller if entered number is smaller

– Great Shot if entered number is equal

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While-Statement
• The while loop repeats a group of statements an indefinite
number of times under control of a logical condition.
• A matching end delineates the statements.

a=input('Enetr any number = ');

while a<30

disp('you are still away')

a=input('Enter number again = ');

end
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Exercise#4 (contd… )
3. Now modify this program in such a way that computer also
indicates number of attempts to guess the number .

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Functions

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Functions
• Functions are M-files that can accept input arguments and return
output arguments.

• The names of the M-file and of the function should be the same.

• Functions operate on variables within their own workspace,

separate from the workspace you access at the MATLAB
command prompt.

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Functions
• The first line of a function M-file starts with the keyword function. It
gives the function name and order of arguments.

• The next several lines, up to the first blank or executable line, are
comment lines that provide the help text. These lines are printed when
you type

>> help <function name>

• The first line of the help text is the H1 line, which MATLAB displays
when you use the lookfor command or request help on a directory.

• The rest of the file is the executable MATLAB code defining the
function.
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Functions
• Lets create a function that accepts one numeric value and notify that the
number is even or odd.

function evenodd(n)

if mod(n,2)==0

disp('The number is Even')

elseif mod(n,2)==1

disp('The number is Odd')

end
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Functions
function evenodd(n)

% function evenodd(n) displays whether n is even or odd

% Example evenodd(7)

% Matlab Returns

% The number is Odd

if mod(n,2)==0

disp('The number is Even')

elseif mod(n,2)==1

disp('The number is Odd')

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end
Activity #5

1. Develop a MATLAB function with one input argument

table(n) that display table of n up to 10 numbers.

2. Develop a MATLAB function with two input arguments

stable(n,e) that display table of n up to e.

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Activity #6
1. Develop a MATLAB function with one input argument
trig(n) that produce sine and cos vlaues as two output
arguments .

2. Develop a MATLAB function that calculates transient

response parameters overshoot (M), settling time (ts) and
rise time (tr).

>> [M ts tr]= transient(b,wn)

 −
3
tp = 1− 2 ts =
4 M =e n 23
Functions with output arguments
1. Let’s Develop a MATLAB function that accepts two numbers
and produce sum and difference of these numbers.

function [sum diff]=sumdiff(a,b)

% function sumfidd(a,b) produces sum and difference of a and b.
sum=a+b;
diff=a-b;
To execute it
>> [s d]=sumdiff(6,7)

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Activity #6 (contd….)
3. Develop a MATLAB function that accepts a symbolic
expression of one variable and returns its integral and
derivative.

4. Develop a MATLAB function that accepts a symbolic

expression of one variable and plot graphs of its integral
and derivative.

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