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ENGFF012
Lesson 6: if statement
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Learning Objectives
At the end of session you should be able to:
• Write simple MATLAB programs using if statements
• Use of nested loop
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Relational Operators
Operator Operations

< Less than

> Greater than

<= Less than or equal to

>= Greater than or equal to

== Equal to

~= Not equal to
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Logical Operators
Operator Operations

& Logical AND

&& Logical AND with shortcut evaluation

| Logical OR

|| Logical OR with shortcut evaluation

~ Logical NOT
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Short-circuit logical operations: && ||

expression1 && expression2
expression1 && expression2 represents a logical AND operation that
employs short-circuiting behaviour. That is, expression2 is not
evaluated if expression1 is logical 0 (false).
For example:
1==2 && 5>0 1==2 & 5>0
False True
False
Result: False Result: False

expression1 || expression2
expression1 || expression2 represents a logical OR operation that
employs short-circuiting behaviour. That is, expression2 is not
evaluated if expression1 is logical 1 (true).
For example:
5>0 || 1==2 5>0 | 1==2
True True False
Result: True Result: True
Reference: http://www.mathworks.com/help/matlab/ref/logicaloperatorsshortcircuit.html#bt_0nme
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Relational and Logic Operators

Relational and logic operators are operators that produce a
true (the value 1) or false (the value 0) result

Operation Result
3<4
3==4
1+2~=3
2<3 & 0>=7
2<3 || 0>7
a=2;
b=0;
~a
~b
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Relational and Logic Operators

Relational and logic operators are operators that produce a
true (the value 1) or false (the value 0) result

Operation Result
3<4 1
3==4 0
1+2~=3 0
2<3 & 0>=7 0
2<3 || 0>7 1
a=2;
b=0;
~a 0
~b 1
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The if construct has the form

If control_expr_1
Statement 1
Statement 2 Block 1

…
elseif control_expr_2
Statement 1
Statement 2 Block 2
…
else
Statement 1
Statement 2 Block 3
…
end
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If today is sunny

elseif today is snowing

else today is raining

end
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Testing
Example >> checkvalue
Enter a value:5
5 is a positive number
% Script file: checkvalue.m >> checkvalue
% Prompt the user for a value Enter a value:-10
-10 is a negative number
x = input('Enter a value:'); >> checkvalue
Enter a value:0
0 is a zero
% Perform calculations and display
if x>0
fprintf('%d is a positive number\n',x);
elseif x<0
fprintf('%d is a negative number\n',x);
else
fprintf('%d is a zero\n',x);
end
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Exercise
Write a MATLAB program to evaluate an input of score. If
score is greater or equal to 40, display PASS. If score is
less than 40, display FAIL.
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Solution
% Script file: myscore.m
% Prompt the user for the score
score = input('Enter the value of score:');

% Perform calculations and display the result

if score>=40 Testing
>> myscore
fprintf('PASS\n'); Enter the value of score:37
else FAIL
>> myscore
fprintf('FAIL\n'); Enter the value of score:40
end PASS
>> myscore
Enter the value of score:85
PASS
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Exercise: Function of Two Variables

Write a MATLAB program to evaluate a function 𝑓 𝑥, 𝑦 for any two user-
specified values of x and y. The function 𝑓 𝑥, 𝑦 is defined as follows:

𝑥+𝑦 𝑥 ≥ 0 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑦 ≥ 0
𝑥 + 𝑦2 𝑥 ≥ 0 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑦 < 0
𝑓 𝑥, 𝑦 =
𝑥2 + 𝑦 𝑥 < 0 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑦 ≥ 0
𝑥2 + 𝑦2 𝑥 < 0 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑦 < 0

The function 𝑓 𝑥, 𝑦 is evaluated differently depending on the signs of the two

independent variables x and y.
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Solution
% Script file: funxy.m
% Prompt the value for the values x and y
x=input('Enter the x coefficient:');
y=input('Enter the y coefficient:'); Control Expression
%calculate the function f(x,y)
if x>=0 && y>=0
fun=x+y; 𝑥 + 𝑦 , 𝒙 ≥ 𝟎 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝒚 ≥ 𝟎
elseif x>=0 && y<0
fun=x+y^2; 𝑥 + 𝑦 2 , 𝒙 ≥ 𝟎 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝒚 < 𝟎
elseif x<0 && y>=0 𝑓 𝑥, 𝑦 =
𝑥 2 + 𝑦 , 𝒙 < 𝟎 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝒚 ≥ 𝟎
fun=x^2+y;
else
𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 , 𝒙 < 𝟎 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝒚 < 𝟎
fun=x^2+y^2;
end
fprintf('The value of the function is %f\n',fun);
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Testing
>> funxy
Enter the x coefficient:5
Enter the y coefficient:2
The value of the function is 7.000000
>> funxy
Enter the x coefficient:-4
Enter the y coefficient:2
The value of the function is 18.000000
>> funxy
Enter the x coefficient:2
Enter the y coefficient:-3
The value of the function is 11.000000
>> funxy
Enter the x coefficient:-2
Enter the y coefficient:-3
The value of the function is 13.000000
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Exercise
Write a function that calculates the factorial function. The factorial function is
defined as

1 𝑛=0
𝑛! = ቊ
𝑛 × 𝑛 − 1 × 𝑛 − 2 …× 2 × 1 𝑛>0

Note: Write the MATLAB code to calculate N factorial for positive value of N
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Solution 𝑛! = ቊ
1 𝑛=0
% Script file: myfactorial.m 𝑛 × 𝑛 − 1 × 𝑛 − 2 …× 2 × 1 𝑛>0
% Prompt the user for the n
n = input('Enter the value of N:');

% Perform calculations and display the result

if n==0
fprintf('The resulting value of %d! is %d\n',n,1);
elseif n>0
p=1;
for i=1:n
p=p*i;
p=factorial(n);
end;
fprintf('The resulting value of %d! is %d\n',n,p);
else
fprintf('n must be a positive value\n');
end
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Testing
>> myfactorial
Enter the value of N:3
The resulting value of 3! is 6
>> myfactorial
Enter the value of N:5
The resulting value of 5! is 120
>> myfactorial
Enter the value of N:0
The resulting value of 0! is 1
>> myfactorial
Enter the value of N:4
The resulting value of 4! is 24
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Example: If statement & Nested Loop

You are given a matrix. Write a function
that changes all negative numbers to zero.
For example:

3 6 1  9 0 6 1 0
   
 4 8 1 2  4 8 1 2
 5  2 7  5 is 5 0 7 0
  changed  
 2 6 4 1 2 6 4 0
 3  to: 3 8 
 4  3 8   4 0
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Solution
function[y]=matrixchange(A)
[row, column]=size(A);
for r=1:row
for c=1:column Outer loop
st loop: r = 1 A(1,1) A(1,2) A(1,3) A(1,4)
if A(r,c)<0 1
Inner loop: c = 1, 2, 3, 4
A(r,c)=0;
2nd loop: r = 2 A(2,1) A(2,2) A(2,3) A(2,4)
end Inner loop: c = 1, 2, 3, 4
end 3rd loop: r = 3 A(3,1) A(3,2) A(3,3) A(3,4)
end Inner loop: c = 1, 2, 3, 4
y=A; 4th loop: r = 4
A(4,1) A(4,2) A(4,3) A(4,4)
end th
Inner loop: c = 1, 2, 3, 4
5 loop: r = 5
A(5,1) A(5,2) A(5,3) A(5,4)
Inner loop: c = 1, 2, 3, 4
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Testing
>> a=[1 2 3;5 6 7;-2 -3 -7;4 -9 0]
a=

1 2 3
5 6 7
-2 -3 -7
4 -9 0

>> matrixchange(a)
ans =

1 2 3
5 6 7
0 0 0
4 0 0
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Exercise
You are given a matrix. Write a function
that changes all positive numbers to 10
and all negative numbers to 0.
For example:
3 6 1  9 0 10 10 0 
   
 4 8 1 2  10 10 10 10 
 5  2 7  5 is 10 0 10 0 
  changed  
 2 6 4 1 10 10 10 0 
 3  to: 10 0 10 
 4  3 8   10
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Solution
function[y]=matrixchange(A)
[row, column]=size(A);
for r=1:row
for c=1:column
if A(r,c)<0
A(r,c)=0;
elseif A(r,c)>0
A(r,c)=10;
end
end
end
y=A;
end
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Summary
• Write simple MATLAB programs using if statements
if …
elseif …
else …
end
• Use of nested loop
for…
for…
end
end