1.
Addition program using pointer
#include <stdio.h>
int add(int x, int y);
int main() {
int num1 = 5, num2 = 10;
int sum = add(num1, num2);
printf("The sum is: %d\n", sum);
char *message = "Hello, World!";
message[0] = 'h'; // Error 1: Attempting to modify a string literal.
int arr[5];
for (int i = 0; i <= 5; i++) { // Error 2: Out-of-bounds access in array.
arr[i] = i * 2;
}
int *ptr = NULL;
*ptr = 100; // Error 3: Dereferencing a NULL pointer.
return 0;
}
int add(int x, int y) {
return x + y + 1; // Error 4: Logic error; adds 1 unnecessarily.
}
2.Prime number checker
#include <stdio.h>
int is_prime(int num) {
if (num < 2) return 0; // Error 1: Changed condition to < 2; this makes 2 not a prime.
for (int i = 1; i * i <= num; i++) { // Error 2: Start the loop with i = 1 instead of i = 2.
if (num % i == 0) { // Error 3: Incorrectly checking divisibility by 'i' instead of 'i + 1'.
return 0; // If divisible by any number other than 1 and itself
}
}
return 1; // Number is prime
}
int main() {
int number;
printf("Enter a number: ");
scanf("%d", &number);
if (is_prime(number))
printf("%d is a prime number.\n", number);
else
printf("%d is not a prime number.\n", number);
return 0;
}
3.Fibonacci Series
#include <stdio.h>
int main() {
int terms, first = 0, second = 1, next;
printf("Enter the number of terms in the Fibonacci series: ");
scanf("%d", &terms);
printf("Fibonacci Series: %d, %d", first, second); // Error 1: This will cause an issue when
terms < 2.
for (int i = 2; i < terms; i++) { // Error 2: Loop should start from 3; also changed the
condition from <= to <.
next = first + second;
printf(", %d", next);
first = second;
second = next;
}
printf("\n");
return 0; // Error 3: Return type of the function is int, but it should return 0 only for
successful execution, check for negative terms first.
}
4.Bubble sort algorithm
#include <stdio.h>
void bubble_sort(int arr[], int size) {
for (int i = 0; i <= size - 1; i++) { // Error 1: Changed '<' to '<=' which causes out-of-bounds
access.
for (int j = 0; j < size - i - 1; j++) {
if (arr[j] < arr[j + 1]) { // Error 2: Changed '>' to '<'; sorts in descending order instead of
ascending.
// Swap arr[j] and arr[j + 1]
int temp = arr[j];
arr[j] = arr[j + 1];
arr[j + 1] = temp;
}
}
}
}
int main() {
int size;
printf("Enter the number of elements in the array: ");
scanf("%d", &size);
int arr[size];
printf("Enter the elements of the array:\n");
for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
scanf("%d", &arr[i]);
}
bubble_sort(arr, size);
printf("Sorted array: ");
for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
printf("%d ", arr[i]);
}
printf("\n");
return 0; // Error 3: No validation for non-positive sizes, which can cause issues with array
declaration.
}
5.Reverse a String
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
void reverse_string(char str[]) {
int length = strlen(str);
for (int i = 0; i <= length / 2; i++) { // Error 1: Changed '<' to '<=' which can lead to
out-of-bounds access.
char temp = str[i];
str[i] = str[length - i - 1];
str[length - i - 1] = temp;
}
}
int main() {
char str[100];
printf("Enter a string: ");
fgets(str, sizeof(str), stdin);
// Error 2: Incorrectly handling newline character; if the input is exactly 100 characters, it
may not properly remove the newline.
str[strcspn(str, "\n")] = 0;
reverse_string(str);
printf("Reversed string: %s\n", str);
// Error 3: Missing check for empty string; reversing an empty string should be handled
explicitly.
if (strlen(str) == 0) {
printf("You entered an empty string.\n");
}
return 0; // Error 4: No check for buffer overflow; if user enters more than 99 characters, it
can cause undefined behavior.
}
