NEP - 2020

Indian Knowledge System

(IKS)

: Author :
Datta G. Chevle

Prabhakar Publication
 Publication No. - 141
ISBN 978-93-6342-871-3

Indian Knowledge System

Author : Datta G. Chevle

Copyright © Author 2024

First Editon : 15 August 2024

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 Preface

Its my proud privilege to share the Indian Knowledge,

Culture, Ancient Indian Tradition and Practices, Education
system which has lead to development of rich and varied culture
which we represent today. My goal is to introduce readers,
especially students, to the wisdom of Indian philosophy, science,
art, literature, and social practices. We explore how these
traditions have shaped Indian culture and continue to offer
valuable lessons today.
I have written this book in a straightforward and
easy-to-understand way, making complex ideas easy to
understand. Each chapter covers a different aspect of India's
knowledge systems, aiming to provide a clear and engaging
introduction to these important topics.
I want to thank everyone who supported me in my work,
including scholars who have preserved old material and make
the material available for future generation, teachers, and my
friends and family. Special thanks to Prabhakar Publication for
taking the efforts to make this book available for the students in
short span of time I hope this book helps you appreciate the
depth and beauty of India's intellectual heritage.
Thank you for joining us on this journey of exploring our
own country.
- Author
 Index
MODULE 1: Introduction to Indian
Knowledge Systems 05
1. Definition,
2. The Need for IKS,
3. Objectives of IKS,
4. Comparing IKS with Western knowledge systems
5. Key components of IKS,
6. Unique aspect of IKS
7. Contemporary Significance,
8. Classification of IKS Texts
9. Historical Overview of Indian Education and
Educational Institutions
MODULE 2 : Indian Philosophical Systems 27
1. Theist systems : (Sankhya, Yoga, Vaisheshika, Nyaya, Purva
nd Uttar Meemansa) Nature, Concept and Literature
2. Atheist systems : : (Buddhism, Jainism and Charvaka ) Nature,
Concept and Literature
MODULE 3: Contributions to Humanities 43
1. Introduction to classical Languages in India
(Sanskrit, Pali, Magadhi)
2. Introduction to ancient Indian art (Music, and Drama) and
architecture (temples and town planning)
3. Indian philosophical thoughts on Social Institutions
(Purushartha, Ashrama, Dharma and Values).
4. Introduction to Bhartiya Arthshastra and Nitishstra
(Basic Concepts)
MODULE 4: Contributions To Stem 82
(Science, Technology, Engineering
And Mathematics)
1. Historical development of mathematics and astronomy in India
2. Health and Medicinal Practices Introduction to Ayurveda, and
lifestyle (Rutucharya, Dincharya, etc.) with reference to
Charaka, Sushrut and Vagbhatta
3. Ancient Indian techniques and achievements related to
metallurgy and material science.
4. Ancient Indian Agricultural Practices


Indian Knowledge System / 4
 MODULE - 1
Introduction to Indian Knowledge Systems

What is IKS :-
Indian Knowledge Systems (IKS) cover the wide range
of knowledge developed in India over thousands of years. This
includes everything from philosophy and science to arts, literature,
medicine, and governance. IKS isn’t just about old texts or
historical practices; it represents a complete way of understanding
life and the universe. In this view, the material and spiritual aspects
of life are closely connected.
IKS includes both ancient Indian ideas and their practical
uses in daily life. This means understanding health through
Ayurvedic principles, learning about the universe from the
Upanishads, exploring math and astronomy, and appreciating
classical music and dance. Overall, Indian Knowledge Systems
provide valuable insights and guidance for living a meaningful
and balanced life.
Defination :-
Indian Knowledge Systems (IKS) are a collection of
traditional knowledge and wisdom developed in the Indian
subcontinent over millennia. They encompass various fields such
as philosophy, science, arts, medicine, and governance, reflecting
a holistic approach to understanding life and the universe where
spiritual and material dimensions are interconnected.
Indian Knowledge Systems (IKS) refer to the diverse
body of knowledge and practices originating from ancient India.
This includes insights from classical texts, scientific discoveries,
artistic traditions, and practical methodologies in areas like health
and governance, offering a comprehensive framework for
understanding and navigating both the physical and spiritual
aspects of life.

Indian Knowledge System / 5

The Need for Indian Knowledge Systems (IKS)
Indian Knowledge Systems (IKS) include the wisdom,
sciences, arts, and traditions that have been part of India for
thousands of years. Learning about IKS is important for many
reasons:
1. Preserving Our Culture:
Cultural Identity: IKS helps us understand and keep
our unique culture alive. It connects us to our past and helps us
understand our roots, traditions, and values.
Knowledge Transfer: By learning about IKS, we can
keep the knowledge and practices of our ancestors alive for
future generations.
2. Improving Education:
Balanced Learning: IKS focuses on a balanced
approach to education that includes mind, body, and spirit. It
teaches us values and ethics, which are important for personal
growth and good character.
Different Perspectives: Including IKS in our studies
gives us different ways of thinking and learning. It adds more
depth and diversity to our education.
3. Promoting Sustainable Living:
Environmental Wisdom: IKS includes a lot of
knowledge about living in harmony with nature. It teaches us
how to take care of the environment, which is important for solving
today’s environmental problems.
Traditional Medicine: Systems like Ayurveda offer
natural ways to stay healthy, emphasizing prevention and a holistic
approach to well-being.
4. Enhancing Scientific Knowledge:
Ancient Contributions: IKS includes early
advancements in fields like mathematics, astronomy, and
engineering. Learning about these can inspire new ideas and
innovations today.

Indian Knowledge System / 6

 Different Methods: IKS also provides unique methods
of thinking and solving problems, which can be useful in modern
science and technology.
5. Teaching Values and Ethics:
Moral Lessons: Many IKS texts teach about right and
wrong, duty, and how to live a good life. These teachings help us
build a strong moral foundation.
Community Harmony: Ideas like “the world is one
family” encourage peace, cooperation, and unity among people.
6. Encouraging Creative Learning:
Interdisciplinary Approach: IKS naturally combines
different subjects like art, science, and philosophy. This helps
students learn to think creatively and see connections between
different fields.
Learning in Context: Understanding IKS requires
knowing the history and culture behind it, which makes learning
more meaningful and comprehensive.
7. Supporting National and Global Goals:
Cultural Exchange: IKS can help share India’s rich
culture with the world, promoting understanding and respect
between different cultures.
National Pride: Learning about IKS can help us feel
proud of our heritage and contribute to a stronger national identity.
8. Innovating Modern Practices:
Architecture and Design: Ancient knowledge like
Vastu Shastra can inspire modern building practices that are more
eco-friendly.
Agriculture and Water Management: Traditional
farming and water management techniques can help us create
more sustainable agricultural systems.
Conclusion
Understanding Indian Knowledge Systems is not just
about learning the past. It’s about using this wisdom to improve
our lives today and in the future. It helps us appreciate our culture,
learn in a balanced way, and find new solutions to modern
problems.

Indian Knowledge System / 7

Objectives of IKS :-
The objectives of studying Indian Knowledge Systems
are multi-faceted, aimed at both preserving this rich heritage and
applying its timeless wisdom to contemporary challenges. Here
are the key objectives:
1. Keeping Knowledge Alive
2. Understanding Life in Its Fullness
3. Making Knowledge Useful Every Day
4. Celebrating Our Cultural Richness
5. Growing Both Intellectually and Spiritually
6. Connecting the Dots
7. Innovating with Tradition
8. Living Sustainably
9. Binding Tradition and Modernity
1. Keeping Knowledge Alive:
Objective: To ensure that the rich wall-hanging of India’s
ancient wisdom is preserved and shared with future generations.
Details: IKS is about keeping alive the stories, practices,
and teachings that have been handed down through centuries.
Whether it’s through ancient texts or oral traditions, the goal is to
make sure this treasure trove of knowledge continues to inspire
and guide us.
2. Understanding Life in Its Fullness:
Objective : To help us see the big picture of life, where
our physical health, mental well-being, and spiritual growth are
all interconnected.
Details : IKS shows us that health isn’t just about
treating symptoms it’s about nurturing our whole selves. For
instance, Ayurveda doesn’t just heal the body; it also supports
the mind and spirit, helping us live in harmony with ourselves and
the world.
3. Making Knowledge Useful Every Day:
Objective: To offer practical advice that makes our daily
lives easier and more fulfilling.

Indian Knowledge System / 8

 Details: From Ayurvedic remedies for health to ancient
governance principles for leadership, IKS provides practical
solutions that we can use in our everyday lives. It’s about taking
ancient wisdom and making it relevant for today’s world.
4. Celebrating Our Cultural Richness:
Objective: To honor and promote the diverse cultural
heritage of India through its various knowledge systems.
Details: IKS includes our traditional arts, literature,
music, and dance. By exploring these cultural treasures, we not
only celebrate our past but also keep our rich heritage alive and
vibrant.
5. Growing Both Intellectually and Spiritually:
Objective: To encourage personal growth that nurtures
both our minds and our souls.
Details: Whether through the deep insights of the
Upanishads or the practical teachings of Yoga, IKS offers
pathways to intellectual enrichment and spiritual awakening. It’s
about growing as individuals and connecting with something
greater.
6. Connecting the Dots:
o Objective: To weave together knowledge from different
fields into a unified understanding.
o Details: IKS isn’t just about separate pieces of wisdom;
it’s about seeing how everything fits together. For example, Vedic
mathematics blends numerical concepts with philosophical ideas,
showing us how interconnected our knowledge can be.
7. Innovating with Tradition:
Objective: To apply timeless wisdom to solve modern
problems and adapt to changing times.
Details: IKS isn’t static—it evolves. By applying ancient
knowledge to today’s challenges, like using traditional medicine
in contemporary healthcare, we find innovative solutions that
respect our past while addressing our present needs.

Indian Knowledge System / 9

8. Living Sustainably:
Objective: To promote ways of living that respect and
protect our environment.
Details: Many aspects of IKS teach us to live in balance
with nature. From sustainable farming practices to respecting
natural resources, these teachings guide us towards a more eco-
friendly and harmonious way of life.
9. Binding Tradition and Modernity :
Objective: To foster collaboration between traditional
knowledge and modern science.
Details: IKS encourages researchers and scholars to
work together, combining ancient wisdom with cutting-edge
science. This collaboration leads to new insights and innovations,
enriching both our traditional and modern worlds.
In essence, Indian Knowledge Systems are about
connecting with a deep reservoir of wisdom that helps us navigate
both our personal journeys and our shared world, blending the
old and the new in meaningful ways.

Comparing Indian Knowledge Systems with Western

knowledge systems
Indian Knowledge Systems (IKS) differ from Western
knowledge systems in several key ways, shaped by different
cultural, philosophical, and historical backgrounds. Here are the
six main differences:
1. Holistic vs. Analytical Approach
2. Role of Spirituality
3. Emphasis on Ethics and Morality
4. Practical Application of Knowledge
5. Philosophical Foundations
6. Education Methods
1. Holistic vs. Analytical Approach:
IKS: Indian Knowledge Systems focus on seeing the
world as a whole, connecting physical, spiritual, and moral aspects

Indian Knowledge System / 10