Interview Preparation

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 Session 1: Introduction to SQL

Introduction to Databases:
- What is a Database?
- Types of Databases (Relational, NoSQL, etc.)
- Importance of Databases in Software Development.

Introduction to SQL:
- What is SQL (Structured Query Language)?
- Purpose of SQL in Database Management.
- Key Concepts: Tables, Rows, Columns, and Relationships.

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 Basic SQL Queries
- SELECT Statement
- Syntax and Usage.
- Retrieving all columns and specific columns.
- Using Aliases.

FROM Clause
- Selecting Data from Tables.
- Using Aliases for Tables.

WHERE Clause
- Filtering Data with Conditions.
- Using Comparison Operators.

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 Sorting and Limiting Results
- ORDER BY Clause
- Sorting Data (Ascending and Descending Order).

LIMIT and OFFSET

- Controlling the Number of Rows Returned.

Exercise: Retrieving Data from a Sample Database

- Practical Exercise to Apply Basic Queries.
- Retrieving Specific Information from a Sample Database.

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 Session 2: Advanced SQL Queries

Joins and Relationships

- INNER JOIN
- Understanding Join Operations.
- Joining Two or More Tables.

- LEFT JOIN and RIGHT JOIN

- Retrieving Data Based on Relationships.

- FULL OUTER JOIN

- Including All Rows from Both Tables.

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 Subqueries
- Single-Row Subqueries
- Understanding Subqueries.
- Writing Subqueries that Return a Single Value.

- Multi-Row Subqueries
- Writing Subqueries that Return Multiple Rows.

Aggregate Functions
- COUNT(), SUM(), AVG(), MIN(), MAX()
- Performing Calculations on Data.

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 GROUP BY and HAVING Clause
- GROUP BY
- Grouping Data Based on Specific Columns.

- HAVING
- Filtering Groups.

Exercise: Analysing a Complex Dataset

- Practical Exercise to Apply Joins, Subqueries, and Aggregation.

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 Session 3: Advanced SQL Topics and Practice

SQL Functions and Expressions

- String Functions, Date Functions, Mathematical Functions, etc.
- Writing Custom Functions.

Indexing and Optimization

- Understanding Indexes.
- Performance Optimization Techniques.

Transactions and Locking

- ACID Properties.
- Managing Transactions.

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 Views and Stored Procedures
- Creating and Using Views.
- Writing and Executing Stored Procedures.

Practice Session: Real-world Problem Solving

- Solving a Complex Scenario Using SQL Queries.
- Incorporating Joins, Subqueries, Aggregation, and Functions.

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 How to setup Environment:
Step 1: Download and Install MySQL
1. Visit the official MySQL website:
[https://dev.mysql.com/downloads/installer/](https://dev.mysql.com/downloads/installer/).

2. Select your operating system (Windows, macOS, Linux) and download the appropriate installer.

3. Follow the installation wizard's prompts:

- Choose the "Custom" setup type.
- Select the MySQL Server and any other components you'd like to install.
- Set up a password for the MySQL `root` user.

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 Step 2: Verify the Installation

1. Open a command prompt (Windows) or terminal (macOS/Linux).

2. Type the following command to start the MySQL server:

mysql -u root -p
You'll be prompted to enter the password you set during the installation.

3. If successful, you'll be in the MySQL shell where you can start executing SQL queries.

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 Step 3: Install a GUI (Optional)
While not required, a graphical user interface (GUI) like MySQL Workbench can make it easier to manage
your databases. You can download it from here:
[https://dev.mysql.com/downloads/workbench/](https://dev.mysql.com/downloads/workbench/).
Step 4: Create a Database (Optional)
1. In the MySQL shell or in a GUI like MySQL Workbench, you can create a new database with the following
SQL command:
CREATE DATABASE my_database;
Step 5: Install a Sample Database (Optional)
Download the Sakila database from [https://dev.mysql.com/doc/sakila/en/sakila-
installation.html](https://dev.mysql.com/doc/sakila/en/sakila-installation.html).
Step 6: Connect Using a GUI (Optional)
If you installed a GUI tool like MySQL Workbench, you can connect to your database server using it. Provide
the necessary details like hostname, port, username, and password.

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 What is Data?
-Data is nothing but facts and statistics stored or free flowing over a network,
generally it's raw and unprocessed.

What is a Database?
-A Database is a collection of related data organized in a way that
data can be easily accessed, managed and updated.

What is DBMS?
- A DBMS is a software that allows creation, definition and manipulation of
database, allowing users to store, process and analyze data easily.

3
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 What is a Database?

A database is a structured collection of data that is organized in a way that allows easy

retrieval, management, and storage of information.

It's like an electronic filing system that stores, organizes, and retrieves data efficiently.

Databases are used to store a wide variety of information, ranging from simple lists to

complex financial records, customer information, and more.

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 Types of Databases

1. Relational Databases

2. NoSQL Databases

3. In-Memory Databases

4. Columnar Databases

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 Importance of Databases in Software Development

• Data Management

• Data Integrity and Security

• Scalability

• Concurrent Access

• Data Analysis and Reporting

• Data Persistence

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