Function

Contents :

#Definition

#Types :
I) Pre defined( in-built ) function
II) User-defined function

# User- defined function ( Function )

Basics:
i) Function prototype / declarartion / signature
ii) Function call ( invoke)
iii) Function definition

# Types ( Classsification )

#Property :
i) Calling method :
i) call by value
ii) call by reference
ii) Global & local variable
iii) Recursion
Definition :

It is a sub program which is a self- contained block used to perform a

specific task.

Or

It is set of stmt(s) that takes inputs, perform computation ( process ) &

results into an output value .

Types:

There are two types of functions:

i)Pre defined (In-built ) function

ii) User – defined function

i)Pre defined ( Built- in) function

i) It is also called as standard libaray functions .

ii) such as
<stdio.h> --> printf(), scanf() , putchar () , getchar() etc.

<math.h> --> pow( ) , sqrt( )

<string.h> --> strcpy( ) ,strcat( )

Iii) These functions are already defined in header files need to include only
in link section.

ii) user – defined function

i) As the name itself indicating it is user program i.e. user has to create .

ii) Every user defined function must consists of :

I) function prototype ( function declaration )

II) function call
III) function definition
I) Function prototype / declarartion / signature

i) one can create function by using following syntax

ii) syntax :

return _type function _ name ( parameter list );

Where,
return _ type : Here , we declare the data type of the value returned by
functions. It may be char, int ,float or double type.
If no return then it should be void

function_name: It is the name of function .

Parameter list : All the parameters to be passed into the function.

A function may or may not require parameters. Hence, the parameter list
is optional.

Iii) Example :

1) int add ( int , int );

function-name : add
return_type : integer
number of parameters : two
type of parameter 1 & 2 : integer

2) void fun ( int , char );

function-name : fun
return_type : No return : It is an empty return.
number of parameters : 2
type of parameter 1 : int
type of parameter2 : char
ii) function call :
i) When a main() { calling function } calls( invokes ) a function
( known as function call ) then Program ctrl is transferred to the called
function .

A called function performs a defined task & it returns back into

the main () ( calling function ).

ii) syntax
function-name( parameters );

iii) Example
add ( n1 , n2) ;

iii) function definition :

i) It consists of function header { return- type , function name,

parameters} and function's body{ block}.

ii) example

1) int add ( int m1, int m2)

{
printf(“\n %d\n”,m1+m2);
}

2) void fun ( int n, char c)

{
printf(“value of n=%d\n”, n);
printf(“value of c=%c\t”,c);

}
Example :

/* Title : program for addition of two numbers using function ( input :

main() , process : add() ,output : main() )*/

#include<stdio.h>

int add (int , int ); // function declaration

void main( )
{

int n1 , n2 , a;

printf("Enter the value for n1 & n2");

scanf("%d%d",&n1,&n2); // input stmt

a = add ( n1 , n2 ); // function call

printf(" addition = %d",a);// output stmt

}

int add( int m1 ,int m2 ) // function definition

{

return ( m1+m2);
}
Types ( Claasification )

i) A Function can be claasified into four types based upon return type &
parameter

I) A function with return type & with parameter

II) A function with return type & without parameter

III) A function without return type & with parameter

IV) A function without return type & without parameter

Example :
WAP to read a number & ckeck if it is prime number using function

I) A function with return type & with parameter

#include<stdio.h>

int prime ( int ); // function defintion

void main( )
{
int n;

printf(“\n Enter the i/p for n \n”);

scanf(“%d”, & n); // i/p stmt

prime( n) ; function call

}

int prime ( int m)

{
int a;

for( a=2 ; a<=m ; a++)

{
if( m% a == 0 )
break;
}
if( m == a)
printf(“\n given number is prime \n”);

return( 35);
}
O/P : I) first iteration

Enter the i/p for n

5
given number is prime
II) Second iteration

Enter the i/p for n

51

II) A function with return type & without parameter

#include<stdio.h>

int prime ( ); // function defintion

void main( )
{
prime( ) ; function call
}

int prime ( )
{
int a , m ;

printf(“\n Enter the i/p for m \n”);

scanf(“%d”, & m); // i/p stmt

for( a=2 ; a<=m ; a++)

{
if( m% a == 0 )
break;
}
if( m == a)
printf(“\n given number is prime \n”);

return( 35);
}
O/P :
Enter the i/p for m
11
given number is prime
III) A function without return type & with parameter

#include<stdio.h>

void prime ( int ); // function defintion

void main( )
{
printf(“\n Enter the i/p for n \n”);
scanf(“%d”, &n); // i/p stmt

prime( n ) ; function call

}

int prime ( int m )

{
int a ;

for( a=2 ; a<=m ; a++)

{
if( m% a == 0 )
break;
}
if( m == a)
printf(“\n given number is prime \n”);

return( 35);
}

O/P :
Enter the i/p for n
17
given number is prime
IV) A function without return type & without parameter

#include<stdio.h>

void prime ( ); // function defintion

void main( )
{
prime( ) ; function call
}

void prime ( )
{
int a , m ;

printf(“\n Enter the i/p for m \n”);

scanf(“%d”, &m); // i/p stmt

for( a=2 ; a<=m ; a++)

{
if( m% a == 0 )
break;
}
if( m == a)
printf(“\n given number is prime \n”);

O/P :
Enter the i/p for n
29
given number is prime