Scribd
Upload
38 views

Queue Data Structure and Implementation in Java

Uploaded by

Owi Bartakke
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
38 views

Queue Data Structure and Implementation in Java

Uploaded by

Owi Bartakke
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 10

Thank you for printing our content at

www.domain-name.com. Please check back


soon for new contents.
Learn to
code
efficiently (h!ps://programiz.pro/course/dsa-with-python?
36%
with DSA utm_source=sticky-
off
Try banner&utm_campaign=programiz&utm_medium=referral)
programiz.pro/course/python-coding-challenges?
Programiz
urce=nav- PRO Search...
(/)
&utm_campaign=programiz&utm_medium=referral)
www.domain-name.com

Queue Data Structure


A queue is a useful data structure in programming. It is similar to the ticket
queue outside a cinema hall, where the first person entering the queue is the
first person who gets the ticket.

Queue follows the First In First Out (FIFO) rule - the item that goes in first is
the item that comes out first.

FIFO Representation of Queue

In the above image, since 1 was kept in the queue before 2, it is the first to be
removed from the queue as well. It follows the FIFO rule.

In programming terms, pu!ing items in the queue is called enqueue, and


removing items from the queue is called dequeue.

We can implement the queue in any programming language like C, C++,


Java, Python or C#, but the specification is pre!y much the same.
Basic Operations of Queue
A queue is an object (an abstract data structure - ADT) that allows the
following operations:

Enqueue: Add an element to the end of the queue

Dequeue: Remove an element from the front of the queue

IsEmpty: Check if the queue is empty

IsFull: Check if the queue is full

Peek: Get the value of the front of the queue without removing it

Working of Queue
Queue operations work as follows:

two pointers FRONT and REAR

FRONT track the first element of the queue

REAR track the last element of the queue

initially, set value of FRONT and REAR to -1

Enqueue Operation

check if the queue is full

for the first element, set the value of FRONT to 0

increase the REAR index by 1

add the new element in the position pointed to by REAR

Dequeue Operation
check if the queue is empty

return the value pointed by FRONT

increase the FRONT index by 1

for the last element, reset the values of FRONT and REAR to -1
Enqueue and Dequeue Operations

Queue Implementations in Python, Java, C, and C++


We usually use arrays to implement queues in Java and C/++. In the case of
Python, we use lists.

Python Java C C++


# Queue implementation in Python

class Queue:

def __init__(self):
self.queue = []

# Add an element
def enqueue(self, item):
self.queue.append(item)

# Remove an element
def dequeue(self):
if len(self.queue) < 1:
return None
return self.queue.pop(0)

# Display the queue


def display(self):
print(self.queue)

def size(self):
return len(self.queue)

q = Queue()
q.enqueue(1)
q.enqueue(2)
q.enqueue(3)

Limitations of Queue
As you can see in the image below, a"er a bit of enqueuing and dequeuing,
the size of the queue has been reduced.
Limitation of a queue

And we can only add indexes 0 and 1 only when the queue is reset (when all
the elements have been dequeued).

A"er REAR reaches the last index, if we can store extra elements in the
empty spaces (0 and 1), we can make use of the empty spaces. This is
implemented by a modified queue called the circular queue (/data-
structures/circular-queue).

Complexity Analysis
The complexity of enqueue and dequeue operations in a queue using an
array is O(1) . If you use pop(N) in python code, then the complexity might
be O(n) depending on the position of the item to be popped.

Applications of Queue
CPU scheduling, Disk Scheduling

When data is transferred asynchronously between two processes.The


queue is used for synchronization. For example: IO Buffers, pipes, file IO,
etc
Handling of interrupts in real-time systems.

Call Center phone systems use Queues to hold people calling them in
order.

Recommended Readings

Types of Queue (/dsa/types-of-queue)

Circular Queue (/dsa/circular-queue)

Deque Data Structure (/dsa/deque)

Priority Queue (/dsa/priority-queue)

Next Tutorial:
(/dsa/types-of-queue)
Types of Queue

Previous Tutorial:
(/dsa/stack)
Stack

Share on:

(h!ps://www.facebook.com/sharer/sharer.php? (h!ps://twi!er.com/intent/twee
u=h!ps://www.programiz.com/dsa/queue) text=Check%20this%20amazing

Did you find this article helpful?


Related Tutorials

DS & Algorithms

Circular Queue Data Structure

(/dsa/circular-queue)

DS & Algorithms

Types of Queues

(/dsa/types-of-queue)

DS & Algorithms

Deque Data Structure

(/dsa/deque)

DS & Algorithms

Breadth first search

(/dsa/graph-bfs)

You might also like