Chapter 08: Advanced SQL

True / False

1. A relational join operation merges rows from two tables.

a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Difficulty: Easy
REFERENCES: p. 341
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: DATA.CORO.15.LO8-7 - LO8-7
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States - BUSPROG: Analytic
TOPICS: SQL Join Operators
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Knowledge

2. An inequality condition is also known as a natural join and an equality condition is also called a theta join.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Difficulty: Easy
REFERENCES: p. 341
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: DATA.CORO.15.LO8-1 - LO8-1
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States - BUSPROG: Analytic
TOPICS: SQL Join Operators
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Knowledge

3. Subqueries cannot be used in combinations with joins

a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Difficulty: Easy
REFERENCES: p. 352
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: DATA.CORO.15.LO8-7 - LO8-7
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States - BUSPROG: Analytic
TOPICS: SQL Operators
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Knowledge

4. The SELECT statement uses the attribute list to indicate what columns to project in the result set

a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Difficulty: Easy
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Chapter 08: Advanced SQL

REFERENCES: p. 356
LEARNING OBJECTIVES DATA.CORO.15.LO8-7 - LO8-7
:
NATIONAL STANDARDS United States - BUSPROG: Analytic - BUSPROG: Analytic skills: Statistics and Management
: Science
TOPICS: SQL Join Operators
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Knowledge

5. Numeric functions take one numeric parameter and return one value.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Difficulty: Easy
REFERENCES: p. 366
LEARNING OBJECTIVES DATA.CORO.15.LO8-7 - LO8-7
:
NATIONAL STANDARDS United States - BUSPROG: Analytic - BUSPROG: Analytic skills: Statistics and Management
: Science
TOPICS: SQL Functions
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Knowledge

6. String manipulation functions are rarely used in programming

a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Difficulty: Easy
REFERENCES: p. 366
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: DATA.CORO.15.LO8-7 - LO8-7
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States - BUSPROG: - Analytic
TOPICS: SQL Functions
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Knowledge

7. UNION, INTERSECT, and MINUS work properly only if relations are intersect-compatible, which means that the
names of the relation attributes and their data types must be different.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Difficulty: Easy
REFERENCES: p. 371
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: DATA.CORO.15.LO8-4 - LO8-4
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States - BUSPROG: Analytic
TOPICS: Relational set Operators
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Chapter 08: Advanced SQL

KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Knowledge

8. A view is a virtual table based on a SELECT query.

a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Difficulty: Easy
REFERENCES: p. 377
LEARNING OBJECTIVES DATA.CORO.15.LO8-7 - LO8-7
:
NATIONAL STANDARDS United States - BUSPROG: Analytic - BUSPROG: Analytic skills: Statistics and Management
: Science
TOPICS: Virtual Tables: Creating a View
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Knowledge

9. A sequence is not associated with a table and can be dropped from a database with a DROP SEQUENCE command.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Difficulty: Easy
REFERENCES: p. 386-387
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: DATA.CORO.15.LO8-6 - LO8-6
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States - BUSPROG: Analytic
TOPICS: Sequences
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Knowledge

10. SQL supports the conditional execution of procedures (IF-THEN-ELSE statements) that are typically supported by a
programming language.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Difficulty: Easy
REFERENCES: p. 387
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: DATA.CORO.15.LO8-7 - LO8-7
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States - BUSPROG: - Analytic
TOPICS: Procedural SQL
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Knowledge

11. To remedy the lack of procedural functionality in SQL, and to provide some standardization within the many vendor
offerings, the SQL-99 standard defined the use of persistent stored modules.
a. True
b. False
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Chapter 08: Advanced SQL

ANSWER: True
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Difficulty: Easy
REFERENCES: p. 388
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: DATA.CORO.15.LO8-7 - LO8-7
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States - BUSPROG: - Analytic
TOPICS: Procedural SQL
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Knowledge

12. A persistent stored module is stored and executed on the database client machine.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Difficulty: Easy
REFERENCES: p. 388
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: DATA.CORO.15.LO8-7 - LO8-7
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States - BUSPROG: Analytic
TOPICS: Procedural SQL
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Knowledge

13. Every PL/SQL block must be given a name.

a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Difficulty: Easy
REFERENCES: p. 390
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: DATA.CORO.15.LO8-7 - LO8-7
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States - BUSPROG: Analytic
TOPICS: Procedural SQL
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Comprehension

14. In Oracle, you can use the SQL*Plus command SHOW ERRORS to help you diagnose errors found in PL/SQL
blocks.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Difficulty: Moderate
REFERENCES: p. 390
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: DATA.CORO.15.LO8-7 - LO8-7
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States - BUSPROG: - Analytic
TOPICS: Procedural SQL

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Chapter 08: Advanced SQL

KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Comprehension

15. PL/SQL blocks have a section used to declare variables.

a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Difficulty: Easy
REFERENCES: p. 391
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: DATA.CORO.15.LO8-7 - LO8-7
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States - BUSPROG: Analytic
TOPICS: Procedural SQL
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Knowledge

16. The most useful feature of PL/SQL blocks is that they let a designer create code that can be named, stored, and
executed by the DBMS.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Difficulty: Easy
REFERENCES: p. 391
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: DATA.CORO.15.LO8-7 - LO8-7
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States - BUSPROG: - Analytic
TOPICS: Procedural SQL
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Knowledge

17. Automating business procedures and automatically maintaining data integrity and consistency are trivial in a modern
business environment.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Difficulty: Easy
REFERENCES: p. 392
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: DATA.CORO.15.LO8-7 - LO8-7
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States - BUSPROG: - Analytic
TOPICS: Procedural SQL
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Knowledge

18. A trigger is procedural SQL code that is automatically invoked by the RDBMS upon the occurrence of a given data
manipulation event.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
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Chapter 08: Advanced SQL

POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Difficulty: Easy
REFERENCES: p. 393
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: DATA.CORO.15.LO8-7 - LO8-7
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States - BUSPROG: Analytic
TOPICS: Procedural SQL
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Knowledge

19. Triggers can only be used to update table values.

a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Difficulty: Easy
REFERENCES: p. 393
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: DATA.CORO.15.LO8-7 - LO8-7
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States - BUSPROG: Analytic
TOPICS: Procedural SQL
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Knowledge

20. A statement-level trigger is assumed if a designer omits the FOR EACH ROW keywords.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Difficulty: Easy
REFERENCES: p. 394
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: DATA.CORO.15.LO8-7 - LO8-7
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States - BUSPROG: Analytic
TOPICS: Procedural SQL
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Knowledge

21. A row-level trigger is assumed if we omit the FOR EACH ROW keywords and a statement-level trigger required the
use of the FOR EACH ROW keyword.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Difficulty: Easy
REFERENCES: p. 394
LEARNING OBJECTIVES DATA.CORO.15.LO8-7 - LO8-7
:
NATIONAL STANDARDS United States - BUSPROG: Analytic - BUSPROG: Analytic skills: Statistics and Management
: Science
TOPICS: Procedural SQL
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Chapter 08: Advanced SQL

KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Knowledge

22. MySQL allows multiple triggering conditions per trigger.

a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Difficulty: Easy
REFERENCES: p. 394
LEARNING OBJECTIVES DATA.CORO.15.LO8-7 - LO8-7
:
NATIONAL STANDARDS United States - BUSPROG: Analytic - BUSPROG: Analytic skills: Statistics and Management
: Science
TOPICS: Procedural SQL
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Knowledge

23. BEFORE means before the changes are made in memory but after the changes are permanently saved to disk.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Difficulty: Easy
REFERENCES: p. 398
LEARNING OBJECTIVES DATA.CORO.15.LO8-7 - LO8-7
:
NATIONAL STANDARDS United States - BUSPROG: Analytic - BUSPROG: Analytic skills: Statistics and Management
: Science
TOPICS: Procedural SQL
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Knowledge

24. Just like database triggers, stored procedures are stored in the database.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Difficulty: Easy
REFERENCES: p. 401
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: DATA.CORO.15.LO8-7 - LO8-7
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States - BUSPROG: Analytic
TOPICS: Procedural SQL
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Knowledge

25. One of the major advantages of stored procedures is that they can be used to encapsulate and represent business
transactions.
a. True

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Chapter 08: Advanced SQL

b. False
ANSWER: True
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Difficulty: Easy
REFERENCES: p. 401
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: DATA.CORO.15.LO8-7 - LO8-7
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States - BUSPROG: Analytic
TOPICS: Procedural SQL
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Knowledge

26. Stored procedures must have at least one argument.

a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Difficulty: Easy
REFERENCES: p. 402
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: DATA.CORO.15.LO8-7 - LO8-7
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States - BUSPROG: Analytic
TOPICS: Procedural SQL
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Knowledge

27. Variables can be declared inside a stored procedure

a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Difficulty: Moderate
REFERENCES: p. 402
LEARNING OBJECTIVES DATA.CORO.15.LO8-7 - LO8-7
:
NATIONAL STANDARDS United States - BUSPROG: Analytic - BUSPROG: Analytic skills: Statistics and Management
: Science
TOPICS: Procedural SQL
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Comprehension

28. Cursors are held in a reserved memory area in the client computer.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Difficulty: Easy
REFERENCES: p. 407
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: DATA.CORO.15.LO8-7 - LO8-7

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Chapter 08: Advanced SQL

NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States - BUSPROG: - Analytic

TOPICS: Procedural SQL
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Knowledge

29. An implicit cursor is automatically created in procedural SQL when the SQL statement returns only one value
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Difficulty: Easy
REFERENCES: p. 407
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: DATA.CORO.15.LO8-7 - LO8-7
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States - BUSPROG: - Analytic
TOPICS: Procedural SQL
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Knowledge

30. An explicit cursor must return two or more rows.

a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Difficulty: Easy
REFERENCES: p. 407
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: DATA.CORO.15.LO8-7 - LO8-7
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States - BUSPROG: - Analytic
TOPICS: Procedural SQL
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Knowledge

31. A stored function is another name for a stored procedure.

a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Difficulty: Easy
REFERENCES: p. 409
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: DATA.CORO.15.LO8-7 - LO8-7
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States - BUSPROG: Analytic
TOPICS: Procedural SQL
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Knowledge

32. "Linked SQL" is a term used to refer to SQL statements that are contained within an application programming
language such as COBOL, C++, ASP, Java, or ColdFusion.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
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Chapter 08: Advanced SQL

POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Difficulty: Easy
REFERENCES: p. 410
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: DATA.CORO.15.LO8-7 - LO8-7
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States - BUSPROG: - Analytic
TOPICS: Embedded SQL
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Knowledge

Multiple Choice

33. The following SQL statement uses a(n)

SELECT P_CODE, P_DESCRIPT, P_PRICE_V_
NAME FROM PRODUCT, VENDOR
_ WHERE PRODUCT,V_CODE=VENDOR. V
CODE
a. set operator b. natural join
c. "old-style" join d. procedural statement
ANSWER: c
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Difficulty: Moderate
REFERENCES: p. 341
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: DATA.CORO.15.LO8-1 - LO8-1
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States - BUSPROG: Analytic
TOPICS: SQL Operators
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Comprehension

34. When using a(n) _____ join, only rows that meet the given criteria are returned.
a. full b. inner
c. outer d. set
ANSWER: b
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Difficulty: Easy
REFERENCES: p. 341
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: DATA.CORO.15.LO8-1 - LO8-1
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States - BUSPROG: Analytic
TOPICS: SQL Join Operators
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Knowledge

35. The statement SELECT * FROM T1, T2 produces a(n) _____ join.
a. cross b. natural
c. equi- d. full
ANSWER: a
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Difficulty: Easy
REFERENCES: p. 342
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Chapter 08: Advanced SQL

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: DATA.CORO.15.LO8-1 - LO8-1

NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States - BUSPROG: Analytic
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Knowledge

36. How many rows would be returned from a cross join of tables A and B, if A contains 8 rows and B contains 18?
a. 8 b. 18
c. 26 d. 144
ANSWER: d
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Difficulty: Moderate
REFERENCES: p. 342
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: DATA.CORO.15.LO8-1 - LO8-1
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States - BUSPROG: Analytic
TOPICS: SQL Join Operators
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Application

37. A(n) _____ join will select only the rows with matching values in the common attribute(s).
a. natural b. cross
c. full d. outer
ANSWER: a
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Difficulty: Easy
REFERENCES: p. 343
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: DATA.CORO.15.LO8-1 - LO8-1
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States - BUSPROG: Analytic
TOPICS: SQL Operators
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Knowledge

38. If a designer wishes to create an inner join, but the two tables do not have a commonly named attribute, he can use
a(n) _____ clause.
a. OF b. USING
c. HAS d. JOIN ON
ANSWER: d
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Difficulty: Moderate
REFERENCES: p. 345
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: DATA.CORO.15.LO8-1 - LO8-1
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States - BUSPROG: Analytic
TOPICS: SQL Operators
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Application

39. A(n) _____ join returns not only the rows matching the join condition (that is, rows with matching values in the
common columns) but also the rows with unmatched values.
a. outer b. inner
c. equi- d. cross
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Chapter 08: Advanced SQL

ANSWER: a
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Difficulty: Moderate
REFERENCES: p. 347
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: DATA.CORO.15.LO8-1 - LO8-1
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States - BUSPROG: Analytic
TOPICS: SQL Operators
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Application

40. The syntax for a left outer join is _____.

a. SELECT column-list b. SELECT column-list
FROM table1 OUTER JOIN table2 LEFT FROM table1 LEFT [OUTER] JOIN table2
WHERE join-condition ON join-condition
c. SELECT column-list d. SELECT column-list
WHERE LEFT table1 = table 2 FROM table1 LEFT table2 [JOIN]
WHERE join-condition
ANSWER: b
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Difficulty: Moderate
REFERENCES: p.347
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: DATA.CORO.15.LO8-1 - LO8-1
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States - BUSPROG: Analytic
TOPICS: SQL Join Operators
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Application

41. In subquery terminology, the first query in the SQL statement is known as the _____ query.
a. outer b. left
c. inner d. base
ANSWER: a
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Difficulty: Easy
REFERENCES: p. 350
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: DATA.CORO.15.LO8-2 - LO8-2
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States - BUSPROG: Analytic
TOPICS: Subqueries and Correlated Queries
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Knowledge

42. In the context of SELECT subquery types, a _____ is returned when an UPDATE subquery is used.
a. NULL b. single value
c. list of values d. virtual table
ANSWER: b
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Difficulty: Easy
REFERENCES: p. 351
LEARNING OBJECTIVESDATA.CORO.15.LO8-2 - LO8-2
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Chapter 08: Advanced SQL

:
NATIONAL STANDARDS United States - BUSPROG: Analytic - BUSPROG: Analytic skills: Statistics and Management
: Science
TOPICS: Subqueries and Correlated Queries
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Knowledge

43. Which of the following is a feature of a correlated subquery?

a. The inner subquery executes first. b. The outer subquery initiates the process of
execution in a subquery.
c. The inner subquery initiates the process of d. The outer subquery executes independent of the
execution in a subquery. inner subquery.
ANSWER: b
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Difficulty: Moderate
REFERENCES: p. 359
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: DATA.CORO.15.LO8-2 - LO8-2
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States - BUSPROG: Analytic
TOPICS: Subqueries and Correlated Queries
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Comprehension

44. The _____ function returns the current system date in MS Access.
a. TO_DATE() b. SYSDATE()
c. DATE() d. TODAY()
ANSWER: c
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Difficulty: Easy
REFERENCES: p. 362
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: DATA.CORO.15.LO8-3 - LO8-3
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States - BUSPROG: - Analytic
TOPICS: SQL Functions
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Knowledge

45. When using the Oracle TO_DATE function, the code _____ represents a three-letter month name.
a. MON b. MM3
c. MONTH d. MM
ANSWER: a
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Difficulty: Easy
REFERENCES: p. 363
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: DATA.CORO.15.LO8-3 - LO8-3
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States - BUSPROG: - Analytic
TOPICS: SQL Functions
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Knowledge

46. In Oracle, the _____ function converts a date to a character string.

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Chapter 08: Advanced SQL

a. CONVERT() b. TO_DATE
c. TO_CHAR() d. TO_STRING()
ANSWER: c
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Difficulty: Easy
REFERENCES: p. 363
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: DATA.CORO.15.LO8-3 - LO8-3
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States - BUSPROG: - Analytic
TOPICS: SQL Functions
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Knowledge

47. _____ is a string function that returns the number of characters in a string value.
a. LENGTH b. SUBSTRING
c. CONCAT d. UCASE
ANSWER: a
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Difficulty: Easy
REFERENCES: p. 368
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: DATA.CORO.15.LO8-3 - LO8-3
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States - BUSPROG: Analytic
TOPICS: SQL Functions
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Knowledge

48. When using the Oracle TO_NUMBER function to convert a character string into a number, _____ represents a digit.
a. 0 b. 9
c. $ d. #
ANSWER: b
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Difficulty: Easy
REFERENCES: p. 369
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: DATA.CORO.15.LO8-3 - LO8-3
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States - BUSPROG: - Analytic
TOPICS: SQL Functions
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Knowledge

49. The Oracle _____ function compares an attribute or expression with a series of values and returns an associated value
or a default value if no match is found.
a. NVL b. TO_CHAR
c. DECODE d. CONVERT
ANSWER: c
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Difficulty: Easy
REFERENCES: p. 370
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: DATA.CORO.15.LO8-4 - LO8-4

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Chapter 08: Advanced SQL

NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States - BUSPROG: - Analytic

TOPICS: SQL Functions
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Knowledge

50. _____ is a relational set operator.

a. MINUS b. PLUS
c. ALL d. EXISTS
ANSWER: a
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Difficulty: Easy
REFERENCES: p. 371
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: DATA.CORO.15.LO8-4 - LO8-4
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States - BUSPROG: Analytic
TOPICS: Relational Set Operators
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Knowledge

51. “Union-compatible” means that the _____.

a. names of the relation attributes can be different, but the data types must be alike
b. names of the relation attributes must be the same, but the data types can be different
c. names of the relation attributes must be the same and their data types must be alike
d. number of attributes must be the same, but the names and data types can be different
ANSWER: c
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Difficulty: Moderate
REFERENCES: p. 371
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: DATA.CORO.15.LO8-4 - LO8-4
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States - BUSPROG: Analytic
TOPICS: Relational Set Operators
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Comprehension

52. The _____ data type is considered compatible with VARCHAR(35).

a. DATE b. INT
c. TINYINT d. CHAR(15)
ANSWER: d
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Difficulty: Easy
REFERENCES: p. 371
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: DATA.CORO.15.LO8-4 - LO8-4
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States - BUSPROG: - Analytic
TOPICS: Relational Set Operators
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Knowledge

53. The _____ statement combines rows from two queries and excludes duplicates.
a. UNION b. UNION ALL

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Chapter 08: Advanced SQL

c.
INTERSECT d. MINUS
ANSWER: a
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Difficulty: Easy
REFERENCES: p. 372
LEARNING OBJECTIVES DATA.CORO.15.LO8-4 - LO8-4
:
NATIONAL STANDARDS United States - BUSPROG: Analytic - BUSPROG: Analytic skills: Statistics and Management
: Science
TOPICS: Relational Set Operators
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Application

54. Assume a designer is using the UNION operator to combine the results from two tables with identical structure,
CUSTOMER and CUSTOMER_2. The CUSTOMER table contains 10 rows, while the CUSTOMER_2 table contains 7
rows. Customers Jenna and Howard are included in the CUSTOMER table as well as in the CUSTOMER_2 table. How
many records are returned when using the UNION operator?
a. 7 b. 10
c. 15 d. 17
ANSWER: c
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Difficulty: Moderate
REFERENCES: p. 372
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: DATA.CORO.15.LO8-4 - LO8-4
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States - BUSPROG: Analytic
TOPICS: Relational Set Operators
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Application

55. Assume you are using the UNION ALL operator to combine the results from two tables with identical structure,
CUSTOMER and CUSTOMER_2. The CUSTOMER table contains 10 rows, while the CUSTOMER_2 table contains 7
rows. Customers Dunne and Olowski are included in the CUSTOMER table as well as in the CUSTOMER_2 table. How
many records are returned when using the UNION ALL operator?
a. 7 b. 10
c. 15 d. 17
ANSWER: d
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Difficulty: Moderate
REFERENCES: p. 373
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: DATA.CORO.15.LO8-4 - LO8-4
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States - BUSPROG: Analytic
TOPICS: Relational Set Operators
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Application

56. Assume you are using the INTERSECT operator to combine the results from two tables with identical structure,
CUSTOMER and CUSTOMER_2. The CUSTOMER table contains 10 rows, while the CUSTOMER_2 table contains 7
rows. Customers Dunne and Olowski are included in the CUSTOMER table as well as in the CUSTOMER_2 table. How
many records are returned when using the INTERSECT operator?
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Chapter 08: Advanced SQL

a. 0 b. 2
c. 7 d. 10
ANSWER: b
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Difficulty: Moderate
REFERENCES: p. 374
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: DATA.CORO.15.LO8-4 - LO8-4
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States - BUSPROG: Analytic
TOPICS: Relational Set Operators
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Application

57. The _____ statement in SQL combines rows from two queries and returns only the rows that appear in the first set but
not in the second.
a. UNION b. UNION ALL
c. INTERSECT d. MINUS
ANSWER: d
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Difficulty: Easy
REFERENCES: p. 375
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: DATA.CORO.15.LO8-4 - LO8-4
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States - BUSPROG: Analytic
TOPICS: Relational Set Operators
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Application

58. Assume you are using the MINUS operator to combine the results from two tables with identical structure,
CUSTOMER and CUSTOMER_2. The CUSTOMER table contains 10 rows, while the CUSTOMER_2 table contains 7
rows. Customers Dunne and Olowski are included in the CUSTOMER table as well as in the CUSTOMER_2 table. How
many records are returned when using the MINUS operator?
a. 0 b. 2
c. 8 d. 10
ANSWER: c
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Difficulty: Moderate
REFERENCES: p. 375-376
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: DATA.CORO.15.LO8-4 - LO8-4
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States - BUSPROG: Analytic
TOPICS: Relational Set Operators
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Application

59. The _____ operator could be used in place of INTERSECT if the DBMS does not support it.
a. IN b. OF
c. AND d. UNION
ANSWER: a
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Difficulty: Easy
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Chapter 08: Advanced SQL

REFERENCES: p. 377
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: DATA.CORO.15.LO8-4 - LO8-4
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States - BUSPROG: - Analytic
TOPICS: Relational Set Operators
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Knowledge

60. The _____ operator could be used in place of MINUS if the DBMS does not support it.
a. IN b. NOT IN
c. AND d. UNION
ANSWER: b
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Difficulty: Easy
REFERENCES: p. 377
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: DATA.CORO.15.LO8-4 - LO8-4
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States - BUSPROG: - Analytic
TOPICS: Relational Set Operators
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Knowledge

61. The Oracle equivalent to an MS Access AutoNumber is a(n) _____.

a. auto-number b. sequence
c. TO_NUMBER function d. trigger
ANSWER: b
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Difficulty: Easy
REFERENCES: p. 382
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: DATA.CORO.15.LO8-6 - LO8-6
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States - BUSPROG: - Analytic
TOPICS: Sequences
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Knowledge

62. Which of the following is a feature of oracle sequences?

a. Oracle sequences are tied to columns and tables. b. Oracle sequences generate a character string
that can be assigned to tables.
c. An oracle sequence uses the identity column property d. An oracle sequence can be created and deleted
to automatically number rows. anytime.
ANSWER: d
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Difficulty: Easy
REFERENCES: p. 383
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: DATA.CORO.15.LO8-6 - LO8-6
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States - BUSPROG: - Analytic
TOPICS: Sequences
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Knowledge

63. The _____ pseudo-column is used to select the next value from a sequence.
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Chapter 08: Advanced SQL

a. CURRVAL b. NEXTVAL
c. NEXT d. GET_NEXT
ANSWER: b
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Difficulty: Easy
REFERENCES: p. 384
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: DATA.CORO.15.LO8-6 - LO8-6
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States - BUSPROG: Analytic
TOPICS: Sequences
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Application

64. In Oracle, _____ make(s) it possible to merge SQL and traditional programming constructs, such as variables,
conditional processing (IF-THEN-ELSE), basic loops (FOR and WHILE loops,) and error trapping.
a. cursor-style processing b. stored procedures
c. embedded SQL d. Procedural Language SQL
ANSWER: d
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Difficulty: Easy
REFERENCES: p. 388
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: DATA.CORO.15.LO8-7 - LO8-7
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States - BUSPROG: - Analytic
TOPICS: Procedural SQL
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Knowledge

65. The Oracle string concatenation function is _____.

a. CONCAT b. +
c. || d. &&
ANSWER: c
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Difficulty: Easy
REFERENCES: p. 391
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: DATA.CORO.15.LO8-3 - LO8-3
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States - BUSPROG: - Analytic
TOPICS: Procedural SQL
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Knowledge

66. The PL/SQL block starts with the _____ section.

a. IS b. OPEN
c. DECLARE d. BEGIN
ANSWER: c
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Difficulty: Easy
REFERENCES: p. 391
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: DATA.CORO.15.LO8-7 - LO8-7

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Chapter 08: Advanced SQL

NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States - BUSPROG: Analytic

TOPICS: Procedural SQL
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Knowledge

67. Oracle recommends _____ for creating audit logs.

a. triggers b. stored procedures
c. stored functions d. tables
ANSWER: a
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Difficulty: Easy
REFERENCES: p. 393
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: DATA.CORO.15.LO8-7 - LO8-7
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States - BUSPROG: - Analytic
TOPICS: Procedural SQL
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Knowledge

68. _____ is a cursor attribute that returns TRUE if the last FETCH returned a row, and FALSE if not.
a. %ROWCOUNT b. %NOTFOUND
c. %FOUND d. %ISOPEN
ANSWER: c
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Difficulty: Easy
REFERENCES: p. 408
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: DATA.CORO.15.LO8-7 - LO8-7
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States - BUSPROG: - Analytic
TOPICS: Procedural SQL
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Knowledge

Completion

69. The _____ determines the common attribute or attributes by looking for identically named attributes and compatible
data types.
ANSWER: natural join
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Difficulty: Easy
REFERENCES: p. 343
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: DATA.CORO.15.LO8-1 - LO8-1
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States - BUSPROG: Analytic
TOPICS: SQL Join Operators
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Knowledge

70. An alternate syntax for a join is: SELECT column-list FROM table1 JOIN table2 _____ (common-column).
ANSWER: USING
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Difficulty: Easy
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Chapter 08: Advanced SQL

REFERENCES: p. 344
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: DATA.CORO.15.LO8-1 - LO8-1
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States - BUSPROG: Analytic
TOPICS: SQL Join Operators
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Knowledge

71. When using a subquery, the output of a(n) _____ query is used as the input for the outer query.
ANSWER: inner
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Difficulty: Easy
REFERENCES: p. 350
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: DATA.CORO.15.LO8-2 - LO8-2
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States - BUSPROG: Analytic
TOPICS: Subqueries and correlated Queries
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Knowledge

72. The _____ clause is used to restrict the output of a GROUP BY query by applying a conditional criteria to the grouped
rows.
ANSWER: HAVING
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Difficulty: Easy
REFERENCES: p. 353
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: DATA.CORO.15.LO8-2 - LO8-2
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States - BUSPROG: Analytic
TOPICS: Subqueries and Correlated Queries
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Knowledge

73. The IN subquery uses a(n) _____ operator.

ANSWER: equality
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Difficulty: Easy
REFERENCES: p. 354
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: DATA.CORO.15.LO8-2 - LO8-2
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States - BUSPROG: Analytic
TOPICS: Subqueries and Correlated Queries
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Knowledge

74. The use of the _____ operator allows you to compare a single value with a list of values returned by the first subquery
(sqA) using a comparison operator other than EQUALS.
ANSWER: ALL
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Difficulty: Easy
REFERENCES: p. 355
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: DATA.CORO.15.LO8-2 - LO8-2
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States - BUSPROG: Analytic
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Chapter 08: Advanced SQL

TOPICS: Subqueries and Correlated Queries

KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Knowledge

75. The ___ statement uses the attribute list to indicate what columns to project in the resulting set.
ANSWER: SELECT
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Difficulty: Easy
REFERENCES: p. 356
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: DATA.CORO.15.LO8-2 - LO8-2
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States - BUSPROG: Analytic
TOPICS: Subqueries and Correlated Queries
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Knowledge

76. A(n) _____ subquery is a subquery that executes once for each row in the outer query.
ANSWER: correlated
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Difficulty: Easy
REFERENCES: p. 358
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: DATA.CORO.15.LO8-2 - LO8-2
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States - BUSPROG: Analytic
TOPICS: Subqueries and Correlated Queries
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Knowledge

77. Oracle uses the _____ function to extract the various parts of a date.
ANSWER: TO_CHAR
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Difficulty: Easy
REFERENCES: p. 363
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: DATA.CORO.15.LO8-3 - LO8-3
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States - BUSPROG: - Analytic
TOPICS: SQL Functions
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Knowledge

78. _____ functions extract a value of a given data type and convert it to the equivalent value in another data type.
ANSWER: Conversion
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Difficulty: Easy
REFERENCES: p. 368
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: DATA.CORO.15.LO8-3 - LO8-3
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States - BUSPROG: Analytic
TOPICS: SQL Functions
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Knowledge

79. The syntax of the DECODE function starts with _____.

ANSWER: DECODE(e, x, y, d)
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Chapter 08: Advanced SQL

POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Difficulty: Easy
REFERENCES: p. 370
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: DATA.CORO.15.LO8-3 - LO8-3
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States - BUSPROG: Analytic
TOPICS: SQL Functions
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Knowledge

80. The _____ statement combines the output of two SELECT queries.
ANSWER: UNION
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Difficulty: Easy
REFERENCES: p. 372
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: DATA.CORO.15.LO8-4 - LO8-4
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States - BUSPROG: Analytic
TOPICS: Relational Set Operators
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Knowledge

81. A(n) _____ query can be used to produce a relation that retains the duplicate rows.
ANSWER: UNION ALL
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Difficulty: Easy
REFERENCES: p. 373
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: DATA.CORO.15.LO8-4 - LO8-4
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States - BUSPROG: Analytic
TOPICS: Relational Set Operators
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Knowledge

82. The _____ statement can be used to combine rows from two queries, returning only the rows that appear in both sets.
ANSWER: INTERSECT
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Difficulty: Easy
REFERENCES: p. 373
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: DATA.CORO.15.LO8-4 - LO8-4
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States - BUSPROG: Analytic
TOPICS: Relational Set Operators
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Knowledge

83. The syntax of the MINUS statement in Oracle is _____.

ANSWER: query MINUS query
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Difficulty: Easy
REFERENCES: p. 375
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: DATA.CORO.15.LO8-4 - LO8-4

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Chapter 08: Advanced SQL

NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States - BUSPROG: Analytic

TOPICS: Relational Set Operators
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Knowledge

84. If the DBMS does not support the INTERSECT statement, one can use a(n) _____ subquery to achieve the same
result.
ANSWER: IN
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Difficulty: Easy
REFERENCES: p. 377
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: DATA.CORO.15.LO8-4 - LO8-4
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States - BUSPROG: - Analytic
TOPICS: Relational Set Operators
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Knowledge

85. A(n) _____ routine pools multiple transactions into a single batch to update a master table field in a single operation.
ANSWER: batch update
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Difficulty: Easy
REFERENCES: p. 379
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: DATA.CORO.15.LO8-5 - LO8-5
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States - BUSPROG: Analytic
TOPICS: Relational Set Operators
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Knowledge

86. A(n) _____ view is a view that can be used to update attributes in the base table(s) that are used in the view.
ANSWER: updatable
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Difficulty: Easy
REFERENCES: p. 380
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: DATA.CORO.15.LO8-5 - LO8-5
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States - BUSPROG: Analytic
TOPICS: Relational Set Operators
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Knowledge

87. In MS Access, a designer can use the _____ data type to define a column in his table that will be automatically
populated with unique numeric values.
ANSWER: AutoNumber
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Difficulty: Easy
REFERENCES: p. 382
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: DATA.CORO.15.LO8-6 - LO8-6
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States - BUSPROG: - Analytic
TOPICS: Sequences
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Knowledge
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Chapter 08: Advanced SQL

88. In an Oracle sequence, the _____ pseudo-column retrieves the current value of a sequence.
ANSWER: CURRVAL
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Difficulty: Easy
REFERENCES: p. 384
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: DATA.CORO.15.LO8-6 - LO8-6
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States - BUSPROG: - Analytic
TOPICS: Sequences
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Knowledge

89. Using Oracle _____, a designer can write a PL/SQL code block by enclosing the commands inside BEGIN and END
clauses.
ANSWER: SQL*Plus
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Difficulty: Easy
REFERENCES: p. 389
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: DATA.CORO.15.LO8-7 - LO8-7
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States - BUSPROG: - Analytic
TOPICS: Procedural SQL
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Knowledge

90. A row-level trigger requires use of the _____ keywords and is executed once for each row affected by the triggering
statement.
ANSWER: FOR EACH ROW
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Difficulty: Easy
REFERENCES: p. 394
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: DATA.CORO.15.LO8-7 - LO8-7
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States - BUSPROG: Analytic
TOPICS: Procedural SQL
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Knowledge

91. _____ is the term used to describe an environment in which the SQL statement is not known in advance and is
generated at run time.
ANSWER: Dynamic SQL
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Difficulty: Easy
REFERENCES: p. 414
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: DATA.CORO.15.LO8-8 - LO8-8
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States - BUSPROG: Analytic
TOPICS: Embedded SQL
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Knowledge

Essay

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Chapter 08: Advanced SQL
92. Explain the different basic types of join operations. What are they and how do they work?
ANSWER: Join operations can be classified as inner joins and outer joins. The inner join is the traditional join in
which only rows that meet a given criterion are selected. The join criterion can be an equality
condition (also called a natural join or an equijoin) or an inequality condition (also called a theta join.)
An outer join returns not only the matching rows but the rows with unmatched attribute values for one
table or both tables to be joined. The SQL standard also introduces a special type of join, called a
cross join, that returns the same result as the Cartesian product of two sets or tables.
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Difficulty: Easy
REFERENCES: p. 341
LEARNING OBJE DATA.CORO.15.LO8-1 - LO8-1
CTIVES:
NATIONAL STANDUnited States - BUSPROG: - Analytic
ARDS:
TOPICS: SQL Join Operators
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Knowledge

93. What are the four different types of results that can be returned from a subquery?
ANSWER: A subquery can return one or more values.

One single value (one column and one row):

This subquery is used anywhere a single value is expected, as in the right side of a comparison
expression. An example is the preceding UPDATE subquery, in which an average price is assigned to
the product’s price. When a value is assigned to an attribute, a single value is assigned and not a list of
them. Therefore, the subquery must return only one value (one column, one row). If the query returns
multiple values, the DBMS generates an error.

A list of values (one column and multiple rows):

This type of subquery is used anywhere a list of values is expected, such as when using the IN clause
—for example, when comparing the vendor code to a list of vendors. Again, in this case, there is only
one column of data with multiple value instances. This type of subquery is used frequently in
combination with the IN operator in a WHERE conditional expression.

A virtual table (multicolumn, multirow set of values):

This type of subquery can be used anywhere a table is expected, such as when using the FROM
clause.

The fourth result that a subquery can return is no value at all. It is called NULL.
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Difficulty: Easy
REFERENCES: p. 351
LEARNING OBJE DATA.CORO.15.LO8-2 - LO8-2
CTIVES:
NATIONAL STANDUnited States - BUSPROG: Analytic
ARDS:
TOPICS: Subqueries and Correlated Queries
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Knowledge

94. Describe the important features and applications of SQL functions

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ANSWER: SQL functions are very useful tools. Functions always use a numerical, date, or string value. The
value may be part of the command itself (a constant or literal) or it may be an attribute located in a
table. Therefore, a function may appear anywhere in a SQL statement where a value or an attribute
can be used. There are many types of SQL functions, such as arithmetic, trigonometric, string, date,
and time functions.

These functions are useful when all employees need to be ordered by year of birth, or when a
marketing department wants to generate a list of all customers ordered by zip code and the first three
digits of their telephone numbers. In both of these cases, data elements that are not present as such in
the database will be required; instead, an SQL function that can be derived from an existing attribute
is required.
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Difficulty: Moderate
REFERENCES: p. 361
LEARNING OBJE DATA.CORO.15.LO8-3 - LO8-3
CTIVES:
NATIONAL STANDUnited States - BUSPROG: Analytic
ARDS:
TOPICS: SQL Functions
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Comprehension

95. Describe the characteristics of an Oracle sequence.

ANSWER: - Oracle sequences are an independent object in the database, where sequences are not a data
type.
- Oracle sequences have a name and can be used anywhere a value is expected.
- Oracle sequences are not tied to a table or a column.
- Oracle sequences generate a numeric value that can be assigned to any column in any table.
- The table attribute, to which a value based on a sequence is assigned, can be edited and
modified.
- An Oracle sequence can be created and deleted anytime.
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Difficulty: Moderate
REFERENCES: p. 383
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: DATA.CORO.15.LO8-6 - LO8-6

NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States - BUSPROG: Analytic

TOPICS: Sequences
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Comprehension

96. How are triggers critical to proper database operation and management?
ANSWER: - Triggers can be used to enforce constraints that cannot be enforced at the DBMS design and
implementation levels.
- Triggers add functionality by automating critical actions and providing appropriate warnings and
suggestions for remedial action. In fact, one of the most common uses for triggers is to facilitate the
enforcement of referential integrity.
- Triggers can be used to update table values, insert records in tables, and call other stored procedures.
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Difficulty: Moderate

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Chapter 08: Advanced SQL

REFERENCES: p. 393
LEARNING OBJE DATA.CORO.15.LO8-7 - LO8-7
CTIVES:
NATIONAL STANDUnited States - BUSPROG: Analytic
ARDS:
TOPICS: Procedural SQL
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Comprehension

97. Summarize the hierarchy of steps involved in creating and running an executable program with embedded SQL
statements.
ANSWER: While the steps required to create and execute a program consisting of embedded SQL statements
vary from one programming language to another, the following steps are considered as a general
standard.

a) The programmer writes embedded SQL code within the host language instructions. The code
follows the standard syntax required for host language and embedded SQL.

b) A preprocessor is used to transform the embedded SQL into specialized procedure calls that are
DBMS-specific and language-specific. The preprocessor is provided by the DBMS vendor and is
specific to the host language.

c) The program is compiled using the host language compiler. The compiler creates an object code
module for the program containing the DBMS procedure calls.

d) The object code is linked to the respective library modules and generates the executable program.
This process binds the DBMS procedure calls to the DBMS run-time libraries. Additionally, the
binding process typically creates an “access plan” module that contains instructions to run the
embedded code at run time.

e) The executable is run, and the embedded SQL statement retrieves data from the database.
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Difficulty: Moderate
REFERENCES: p. 411
LEARNING OBJE DATA.CORO.15.LO8-8 - LO8-8
CTIVES:
NATIONAL STANDUnited States - BUSPROG: Analytic
ARDS:
TOPICS: Embedded SQL
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Comprehension

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