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Python LEC 3 Operators

This document discusses operators and operands in Python programming. It covers the different types of operators including arithmetic, assignment, comparison, and logical operators. It also discusses operator precedence and associativity rules for evaluating expressions. Some key points: - Operators perform operations on operands/variables and values - The main types of operators covered are arithmetic, assignment, comparison, and logical - Arithmetic operators include +, -, *, /, etc. Assignment operators assign values to variables. - Comparison operators compare values and return True or False. Logical operators also check true/false conditions. - Operator precedence follows PEMDAS rules. Exponentiation has the highest precedence. - The associativity rule determines order of

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Aiza Hashmi
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16 views

Python LEC 3 Operators

This document discusses operators and operands in Python programming. It covers the different types of operators including arithmetic, assignment, comparison, and logical operators. It also discusses operator precedence and associativity rules for evaluating expressions. Some key points: - Operators perform operations on operands/variables and values - The main types of operators covered are arithmetic, assignment, comparison, and logical - Arithmetic operators include +, -, *, /, etc. Assignment operators assign values to variables. - Comparison operators compare values and return True or False. Logical operators also check true/false conditions. - Operator precedence follows PEMDAS rules. Exponentiation has the highest precedence. - The associativity rule determines order of

Uploaded by

Aiza Hashmi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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PYTHON PROGRAMMING

Lecture# 3

Lecture Content
1. Operators And Operands
2. Types Of Operators
3. Associativity Rule
4. Type Casting
5. Example(s)
Operators And Operands:
Operators are used to performing operations on variables and values while
Operands refer to the values on which the operator operates.

Types Of Operators:
There are 7 different types of operators in python. However, we’ll discuss 4 of
them which are listed below:
 Arithmetic operators
 Assignment operators
 Comparison operators
 Logical operators

Arithmetic Operators:
Arithmetic operators are used to performing mathematical operations like addition,
subtraction, multiplication, etc. Arithmetic operators are listed below:

Suppose a=5,
b=2
Example:
Create 2 variables a and b and assign values to them. After assigning values to
variables perform arithmetic operations on it.

Assignment Operators:
Assignment operators are used to assign values to variables. Assignment Variables
are shown below:

Example:
a = 10 # assign 10 to a

b = 5 # assign 5 to b

# assign the sum of a and b to a


a += b #a=a+b

print(a)

# Output: 15

Comparison Operators:
A comparison operator, also called the python relational operator compares two
values/variables and returns a Boolean result either True or False. Comparison
operators are used in decision-making and loops.

Logical Operators:
Logical operators are used to checking whether an expression is True or False.
They are used in decision-making.
Operator Precedence:
Operator precedence simply refers to the order of operations.
Precedence Operator Associativity
7 () Left to Right
6 ** Right to Left
5 * Left to Right
/
%
4 + Left to Right
-
3 not Left to Right
2 and Left to Right
1 or Left to Right

Operator precedence in python follows the PEMDAS rule for arithmetic


expressions. The precedence of operators is listed below in a high-to-low manner.
1. P – Parentheses
2. E – Exponentiation
3. M – Multiplication
4. D – Division
5. A – Addition
6. S – Subtraction
In the case of tie means, if two operators whose precedence is equal appear in the
expression, then the associativity rule is followed.
Associativity Rule:
All the operators, except exponentiation (**), follow the left-to-right associativity.
It means the evaluation will proceed from left to right while evaluating the
expression.
Example:
1. (43 + 13 - 9 / 3 * 7)
In this case, the precedence of multiplication and division is equal, but further,
they will be evaluated according to the left-to-right associativity.

Let's try to solve this expression by breaking it out and applying the precedence
and associativity rule.
 The interpreter encounters the parenthesis (. Hence it will be
evaluated first.
 Later there are four operators +, −, * and /.
 Precedence of (/, and *) > Precedence of (+, -).
 Associativity rule will be followed for operators with the same
precedence.
 This expression will be evaluated from left to right, 9 / 3 * 7 = 3 * 7 = 21.
 Now, our expression has become 43+13-21.
 Left to right Associativity rule will be followed again. So, our final
value of the expression will be, 43+13-21 = 56-21 = 35.

Exercise:
1. Make a calculator by using input and variables concept for performing addition,
subtraction, multiplication and division

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