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Signals Basic Types

The document discusses several basic signal types including: - Unit step, unit impulse, ramp, and parabolic signals. The unit step is 1 for t ≥ 0 and 0 otherwise. The unit impulse is 1 at t = 0 and 0 otherwise. - Signum, exponential, rectangular, triangular, and sinusoidal signals. The signum signal is the sign of t. Exponential signals take the form of eαt. - Sinc and sampling functions. The sinc function is sin(πt)/πt. The sampling function is sin(t)/t and is 0 at integer multiples of π.

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Junaid Kaleem
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36 views

Signals Basic Types

The document discusses several basic signal types including: - Unit step, unit impulse, ramp, and parabolic signals. The unit step is 1 for t ≥ 0 and 0 otherwise. The unit impulse is 1 at t = 0 and 0 otherwise. - Signum, exponential, rectangular, triangular, and sinusoidal signals. The signum signal is the sign of t. Exponential signals take the form of eαt. - Sinc and sampling functions. The sinc function is sin(πt)/πt. The sampling function is sin(t)/t and is 0 at integer multiples of π.

Uploaded by

Junaid Kaleem
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Signals Basic Types

Signals And Systems

239 Lectures 33 hours

 Gowthami Swarna

More Detail

Here are a few basic signals:

Unit Step Function

1 t ⩾ 0
Unit step function is denoted by u(t). It is defined as u(t) = {
0 t < 0

It is used as best test signal.


Area under unit step function is unity.
Unit Impulse Function
1 t = 0
Impulse function is denoted by δ(t). and it is defined as δ(t) = {
0 t ≠ 0

∫ δ(t)dt = u(t)
−∞

du(t)
δ(t) =
dt

Ramp Signal

t t ⩾ 0
Ramp signal is denoted by r(t), and it is defined as r(t) = {
0 t < 0
∫ u(t) = ∫ 1 = t = r(t)

dr(t)
u(t) =
dt

Area under unit ramp is unity.

Parabolic Signal
2
t /2 t ⩾ 0
Parabolic signal can be defined as x(t) = {
0 t < 0

2
t
∬ u(t)dt = ∫ r(t)dt = ∫ tdt = = parabolicsignal
2

2
d x(t)
⇒ u(t) =
2
dt

dx(t)
⇒ r(t) =
dt
Signum Function

⎧ 1 t > 0
⎪

Signum function is denoted as sgn(t). It is defined as sgn(t) = ⎨ 0 t = 0


⎩
⎪
−1 t < 0

sgn(t) = 2u(t) – 1

Exponential Signal

Exponential signal is in the form of x(t) = e


αt
.

The shape of exponential can be defined by α .

Case i: if α =0 → x(t) = e
0
=1

Case ii: if α < 0 i.e. -ve then x(t) = e


−αt
. The shape is called decaying exponential.
Case iii: if α > 0 i.e. +ve then x(t) = e
αt
. The shape is called raising exponential.

Rectangular Signal
Let it be denoted as x(t) and it is defined as

Triangular Signal
Let it be denoted as x(t)

Sinusoidal Signal
Sinusoidal signal is in the form of x(t) = A cos( w0 ± ϕ ) or A sin( w0 ± ϕ )
Where T0 = 2π

w0

Sinc Function
It is denoted as sinc(t) and it is defined as sinc

sinπt
(t) =
πt

= 0 for t = ±1, ±2, ±3. . .

Sampling Function
It is denoted as sa(t) and it is defined as

sint
sa(t) =
t
= 0 for t = ±π, ±2π, ±3π . . .

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