What are Logical Operators in Python?

Logical Operators in Python are used to perform logical operations on the values

of variables. The value is either true or false. We can figure out the conditions by
the result of the truth values. There are mainly three types of logical operators in
python : logical AND, logical OR and logical NOT. Operators are represented by
keywords or special characters.

Arithmetic Operators
Arithmetic Operators perform various arithmetic calculations like addition,
subtraction, multiplication, division, %modulus, exponent, etc. There are various
methods for arithmetic calculation in Python like you can use the eval function,
declare variable & calculate, or call functions.
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Example: For arithmetic operators we will take simple example of addition where
we will add two-digit 4+5=9

x= 4
y= 5
print(x + y)

Similarly, you can use other arithmetic operators like for multiplication(*),
division (/), substraction (-), etc.

Comparison Operators
Comparison Operators In Python compares the values on either side of the
operand and determines the relation between them. It is also referred to as
relational operators. Various comparison operators in python are ( ==, != , <>,
>,<=, etc.)

Example: For comparison operators we will compare the value of x to the value of
y and print the result in true or false. Here in example, our value of x = 4 which is
smaller than y = 5, so when we print the value as x>y, it actually compares the
value of x to y and since it is not correct, it returns false.

x = 4
y = 5
print(('x > y is',x>y))

Likewise, you can try other comparison operators (x < y, x==y, x!=y, etc.)
Python Assignment Operators
Assignment Operators in Python are used for assigning the value of the right
operand to the left operand. Various assignment operators used in Python are (+=, -
= , *=, /= , etc.).

Example: Python assignment operators is simply to assign the value, for example

num1 = 4
num2 = 5
print(("Line 1 - Value of num1 : ", num1))
print(("Line 2 - Value of num2 : ", num2))

Example of compound assignment operator

We can also use a compound assignment operator, where you can add, subtract,
multiply right operand to left and assign addition (or any other arithmetic function)
to the left operand.

 Step 1: Assign value to num1 and num2

 Step 2: Add value of num1 and num2 (4+5=9)
 Step 3: To this result add num1 to the output of Step 2 ( 9+4)
 Step 4: It will print the final result as 13

num1 = 4
num2 = 5
res = num1 + num2
res += num1
print(("Line 1 - Result of + is ", res))

Logical Operators
Logical operators in Python are used for conditional statements are true or false.
Logical operators in Python are AND, OR and NOT. For logical operators
following condition are applied.

 For AND operator – It returns TRUE if both the operands (right side
and left side) are true
 For OR operator- It returns TRUE if either of the operand (right side
or left side) is true
 For NOT operator- returns TRUE if operand is false

Example: Here in example we get true or false based on the value of a and b

a = True
b = False
print(('a and b is',a and b))
print(('a or b is',a or b))
print(('not a is',not a))

Membership Operators
These operators test for membership in a sequence such as lists, strings or tuples.
There are two membership operators that are used in Python. (in, not in). It gives
the result based on the variable present in specified sequence or string

Example: For example here we check whether the value of x=4 and value of y=8
is available in list or not, by using in and not in operators.

x = 4
y = 8
list = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5 ];
if ( x in list ):
print("Line 1 - x is available in the given list")
else:
print("Line 1 - x is not available in the given list")
if ( y not in list ):
print("Line 2 - y is not available in the given list")
else:
print("Line 2 - y is available in the given list")

 Declare the value for x and y

 Declare the value of list
 Use the "in" operator in code with if statement to check the value of x
existing in the list and print the result accordingly
 Use the "not in" operator in code with if statement to check the value of y
exist in the list and print the result accordingly
 Run the code- When the code run it gives the desired output

Identity Operators
Identity Operators in Python are used to compare the memory location of two
objects. The two identity operators used in Python are (is, is not).

 Operator is: It returns true if two variables point the same object and false
otherwise
 Operator is not: It returns false if two variables point the same object and
true otherwise
Following operands are in decreasing order of precedence.

Operators in the same box evaluate left to right

Operators (Decreasing order of precedence) Meaning

** Exponent

*, /, //, % Multiplication, Division, Floor divisio

+, - Addition, Subtraction

<= < > >= Comparison operators

= %= /= //= -= += *= **= Assignment Operators

is is not Identity operators

in not in Membership operators

not or and Logical operators

Example:

x = 20
y = 20
if ( x is y ):
print("x & y SAME identity")
y=30
if ( x is not y ):
print("x & y have DIFFERENT identity")

 Declare the value for variable x and y

 Use the operator "is" in code to check if value of x is same as y
 Next we use the operator "is not" in code if value of x is not same as y
 Run the code- The output of the result is as expected
Operator precedence
The operator precedence determines which operators need to be evaluated first. To
avoid ambiguity in values, precedence operators are necessary. Just like in normal
multiplication method, multiplication has a higher precedence than addition. For
example in 3+ 4*5, the answer is 23, to change the order of precedence we use a
parentheses (3+4)*5, now the answer is 35. Precedence operator used in Python are
(unary + - ~, **, * / %, + - , &) etc.

v = 4
w = 5
x = 8
y = 2
z = 0
z = (v+w) * x / y;
print("Value of (v+w) * x/ y is ", z)

 Declare the value of variable v,w…z

 Now apply the formula and run the code
 The code will execute and calculate the variable with higher precedence and
will give the output

Python 2 Example
Above examples are Python 3 codes, if you want to use Python 2, please consider
following codes

#Arithmetic Operators
x= 4
y= 5
print x + y

#Comparison Operators
x = 4
y = 5
print('x > y is',x>y)

#Assignment Operators
num1 = 4
num2 = 5
print ("Line 1 - Value of num1 : ", num1)
print ("Line 2 - Value of num2 : ", num2)

#compound assignment operator

num1 = 4
num2 = 5
res = num1 + num2
res += num1
print ("Line 1 - Result of + is ", res)

#Logical Operators
a = True
b = False
print('a and b is',a and b)
print('a or b is',a or b)
print('not a is',not a)

#Membership Operators
x = 4
y = 8
list = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5 ];
if ( x in list ):
print "Line 1 - x is available in the given list"
else:
print "Line 1 - x is not available in the given list"
if ( y not in list ):
print "Line 2 - y is not available in the given list"
else:
print "Line 2 - y is available in the given list"

#Identity Operators
x = 20
y = 20
if ( x is y ):
print "x & y SAME identity"
y=30
if ( x is not y ):
print "x & y have DIFFERENT identity"

#Operator precedence
v = 4
w = 5
x = 8
y = 2
z = 0
z = (v+w) * x / y;
print "Value of (v+w) * x/ y is ", z
Summary:
Operators in a programming language are used to perform various operations on
values and variables. In Python, you can use operators like
 There are various methods for arithmetic calculation in Python as you can
use the eval function, declare variable & calculate, or call functions
 Comparison operators often referred as relational operators are used to
compare the values on either side of them and determine the relation
between them
 Python assignment operators are simply to assign the value to variable
 Python also allows you to use a compound assignment operator, in a
complicated arithmetic calculation, where you can assign the result of one
operand to the other
 For AND operator – It returns TRUE if both the operands (right side and left
side) are true
 For OR operator- It returns TRUE if either of the operand (right side or left
side) is true
 For NOT operator- returns TRUE if operand is false
 There are two membership operators that are used in Python. (in, not in).
 It gives the result based on the variable present in specified sequence or
string
 The two identify operators used in Python are (is, is not)
 It returns true if two variables point the same object and false otherwise
 Precedence operator can be useful when you have to set priority for which
calculation need to be done first in a complex calculation.