Volume 8, Issue 6, June – 2023 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology

ISSN No:-2456-2165

An Enhanced Computational Precision:

Implementing a Graphical user Interface for
Advanced Numerical Techniques
1
Umar Iliyasu ; 2Mukhtar Abubakar ; 3Nuruddeen Ahmad Sama’ila
123
Department of Computer Science and Information Technology, Federal University Dutsin-ma, Katsina State, Nigeria

Abstract:- This paper presents the development of a Root finding algorithms form the basis for solving
user-friendly graphical user interface (GUI) for root equations or finding the roots of functions. These algorithms
finding, linear system solving, and curve fitting iteratively refine estimates of the roots until a desired level
numerical methods using MATLAB. The GUI simplifies of accuracy is achieved. Examples of popular root finding
the utilization of these methods by providing an intuitive methods include the Newton-Raphson method, bisection
and interactive interface, eliminating the need for method, and secant method (Bard, 2014).
extensive programming knowledge. The implemented
GUI incorporates various numerical methods, including Linear system solving methods are essential for
root finding methods such as the bisection, Newton- solving systems of linear equations. These methods find
Raphson, and secant methods, linear system solving applications in a wide range of fields, such as circuit
methods like Gaussian elimination and Gauss Jordan, analysis, structural engineering, optimization problems, and
and curve fitting through regression analysis. Extensive economic modeling. Common approaches for solving linear
testing and validation demonstrate the functionality and systems include Gaussian elimination, LU decomposition,
accuracy of the GUI. The discussion explored various and iterative techniques like Jacobi and Gauss-Seidel
numerical methods and their applications in problem- (Strang, 2006).
solving. The Bisection Method and False Position
Method were employed to find the roots of equations, Curve fitting techniques are used to approximate data
demonstrating convergence and decreasing errors over points with smooth curves, enabling the analysis and
iterations. Gaussian Elimination and Gauss-Jordan interpretation of data patterns. This has broad applications in
Methods provided efficient solutions for systems of fields such as data science, finance, and signal processing.
equations through matrix manipulation. By Curve fitting methods, such as least squares regression,
understanding the strengths and limitations of these polynomial interpolation, and spline interpolation, allow
methods, informed decisions can be made when selecting researchers to extract meaningful information from data and
the appropriate numerical approach for problem-solving make predictions (Hansen, 2010).
tasks. The paper can be expanded by employing other
numerical methods, optimizing performance, improving While numerical methods provide powerful tools for
visualization, and incorporating advanced techniques solving mathematical problems, the usability and
such as parallel computing and machine learning. accessibility of the software implementing these methods
Overall, the developed GUI offers a valuable tool for can pose challenges. Existing numerical methods software
users across different domains, enabling efficient and often requires users to have a strong background in
reliable numerical analysis. programming or computational mathematics. This can limit
the adoption of these methods by researchers, scientists, and
Keywords:- Graphical user Interface, Regression engineers who may not possess extensive programming
Numerical, Raphson, Secant Linear System. skills. Moreover, the lack of user-friendly interfaces in
existing software can hinder efficient data analysis and
I. INTRODUCTION interpretation. Curve fitting, in particular, involves making
decisions based on visualizations of data patterns and
In today's technologically advanced world, numerical selecting the best-fit curves. The absence of interactive and
methods have become integral to solving complex intuitive tools can impede users' ability to gain insights and
mathematical problems that cannot be easily addressed draw accurate conclusions from their data (Hastie et al.,
through traditional analytical methods. These problems 2009).
often arise in various scientific and engineering domains,
including physics, chemistry, computer science, economics, The existing numerical methods software nowadays is
and more. Numerical methods provide efficient algorithms prone to various challenges in terms of usability,
and techniques to approximate solutions for equations, accessibility, and data analysis capabilities. Existing
systems of equations, and data patterns (Press et al., 2007). software often requires users to have a strong programming
background, hindering researchers, scientists, and engineers
without extensive programming skills from effectively

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Volume 8, Issue 6, June – 2023 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165
utilizing numerical methods. Also Users must resort to Similarly, (Smith et al., 2015) proposed a GUI
complex command-line interfaces or manually write code to framework for numerical methods, incorporating root
implement numerical methods, leading to time-consuming finding and curve fitting algorithms. Their GUI allowed
and error-prone workflows. Therefore the absence of users to input equations, select appropriate methods, and
interactive and intuitive tools for visualizing data patterns visualize the results. The study emphasized the significance
and selecting appropriate curve fitting models hampers of intuitive interfaces in enabling users without extensive
accurate data analysis and interpretation. Therefore, the programming skills to apply numerical methods effectively.
research project aims to address these challenges by
developing a user-friendly graphical user interface (GUI) The work of (Liu et al., 2016) presents a MATLAB-
that simplifies the interaction with root finding, linear based GUI software designed for numerical methods
system solving, and curve fitting numerical methods. The education. The GUI provides an interactive environment for
GUI will enable users to efficiently apply these methods to students to learn and apply numerical methods concepts,
their specific problems, enhance the accuracy of including root finding, linear system solving, and curve
computations, and facilitate data analysis and interpretation. fitting. The research emphasizes the pedagogical benefits of
GUIs in enhancing students' understanding and engagement
This paper focuses on implementing a GUI for several with numerical methods.
well-established numerical methods. This includes popular
root finding algorithms such as Newton-Raphson, Bisection, Similarly (Sahiti & Gazer., 2018) research introduces a
and Secant methods. The paper also covers a range of linear web-based interactive tutorial tool for numerical methods
system solving methods, including Gaussian elimination, education. The tool includes a GUI interface that enables
LU decomposition, and iterative techniques. In addition, students to interactively explore and experiment with
various curve fitting techniques such as least squares different numerical methods, such as root finding and linear
regression, polynomial interpolation, and spline system solving. The study highlights the advantages of web-
interpolations are integrated into the GUI To accomplish based GUIs in providing accessible and flexible learning
these objectives, the paper focuses to leverage existing environments.
numerical libraries or frameworks, ensuring compatibility
and tapping into their computational capabilities. The (Ponce-Cruz et al., 2020) study, the authors focus
on the development of a graphical user interface for solving
This paper sets the foundation for the research project linear ordinary differential equations using numerical
by providing a comprehensive background, explaining the methods. The GUI allows users to input differential
research motivation, stating the objectives, defining the equations, select appropriate numerical methods, and
scope, and highlighting the purpose of implementing a visualize the solutions. The research highlights the usability
graphical user interface for root finding, linear system and practicality of GUIs in solving complex differential
solving, and curve fitting numerical methods. The equations efficiently.
subsequent chapters will delve into more specific aspects of
the research project, building upon this introductory Also (Berbecho & Salumbides, 2019), present
framework. GUILIN, a graphical user interface for numerical methods
that encompasses various mathematical concepts, including
II. RELATED WORK root finding, linear system solving, and curve fitting. The
GUI provides an intuitive and interactive environment for
Various relevant literature on the implementation of users to apply different numerical methods and visualize the
graphical user interfaces (GUIs) for numerical methods, results. The study showcases the convenience and
specifically focusing on root finding, linear system solving, effectiveness of GUIs in numerical methods applications.
and curve fitting algorithms were reviewed. The literature
review aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of (Zhang et al., 2018) developed a GUI tool for root
the existing research and developments in this field. By finding methods, including the bisection method, Newton-
examining previous works, we identified gaps, limitations, Raphson method, and secant method. Their research focused
and opportunities for improvement, which will inform the on providing a user-friendly interface that guided users
design and development of our own GUI for numerical through the process of selecting methods, entering
methods. equations, and displaying root approximations.

Several studies have highlighted the importance of In a different approach, (González-Prieto et al., 2017)
GUIs in making numerical methods more accessible and designed a GUI for root finding methods specifically
user-friendly among is the work of (Guiet and Marcote, tailored for educational purposes. Their interface included
2012) developed a GUI-based environment for numerical interactive visualizations to help students understand the
analysis, providing an interactive interface for solving behavior of different algorithms. The study highlighted the
equations, systems of equations, and optimization problems. importance of educational GUIs in promoting learning and
Their research demonstrated the effectiveness of GUIs in understanding of numerical methods concepts.
simplifying the implementation process and enhancing user
experience.

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ISSN No:-2456-2165
In the same direction (Yang et al., 2016) presented a fundamental design principles, overall system architecture,
GUI-based tool for solving systems of linear equations using and individual components of the GUI.
various techniques such as Gaussian elimination, LU
decomposition, and iterative methods. Their GUI allowed  Design Principles
users to input coefficient matrices, select desired methods, The design of the GUI adheres to key principles aimed
and visualize the step-by-step solution process. at creating an intuitive and user-friendly interface:

In another study, (Liu et al., 2019) developed a GUI  User-Centric Design: The GUI is designed with the
environment for teaching linear algebra concepts, including end-users in mind, taking into consideration their needs,
linear system solving. Their interface integrated goals, and technical proficiency. The interface provides
visualization techniques to enhance students' understanding clear and logical workflows, minimizing the learning
of matrix operations and solution methods. The research curve and maximizing user satisfaction.
emphasized the educational benefits of GUIs in facilitating  Intuitive Interface: The GUI incorporates a visually
learning and comprehension of linear algebra topics. appealing and intuitive interface that allows users to
interact seamlessly with the numerical methods. The
The Gauss-Seidel method is an iterative method for design incorporates familiar elements and consistent
solving linear systems. It iteratively updates the components layouts, making it easy for users to navigate and
of the solution vector by using the most recently updated understand the functionalities.
values during each iteration. The method is based on the  Modularity and Extensibility: The GUI is designed to
concept of splitting the coefficient matrix A into a lower be modular, enabling the addition of new numerical
triangular part L, an upper triangular part U, and a diagonal methods in the future. Each numerical method is
part D. implemented as a separate module, facilitating easy
integration and enhancing the GUI's extensibility.
During each iteration, the Gauss-Seidel method solves  Error Handling and Feedback: The GUI includes robust
for the components of the solution vector by directly using error handling mechanisms to provide meaningful
the updated values from the previous iteration. This feedback to users in case of incorrect inputs, algorithm
approach makes it computationally efficient for large failures, or other exceptional scenarios. Clear error
systems, especially when the coefficient matrix is sparse messages and instructions guide users in resolving
(Burden & Faires, 2016).The convergence of the Gauss- issues effectively.
Seidel method depends on the spectral radius of the iteration
matrix. In some cases, the method may converge slowly or  System Architecture
even diverge. However, for certain classes of matrices, such The system architecture of the GUI is structured to
as diagonally dominant or symmetric positive definite ensure efficient execution and seamless interaction between
matrices, the method exhibits favorable convergence its components. The architecture encompasses the following
properties. key elements:
The implementation of GUIs for curve fitting methods  User Interface (UI) Layer: This layer represents the
has gained attention in various domains. (Cheng & Yeh, visual interface presented to the users. It includes
2014) proposed a GUI tool for curve fitting in the field of graphical components such as buttons, input fields, and
medical image analysis. Their interface allowed users to visualization elements. The UI layer captures user
input data points, select curve models, and visualize the inputs, initiates computations, and displays results and
fitted curves. The study demonstrated the effectiveness of visualizations.
GUIs in assisting medical professionals in analyzing and  Numerical Methods Modules: Each numerical method,
interpreting image data. such as root finding, linear system solving, and curve
fitting, is implemented as a separate module within the
In a different context, (Wang et al., 2017) developed a GUI. These modules encapsulate the algorithms, data
GUI-based framework for curve fitting and data modeling in structures, and computations specific to each method.
the field of hydrology. Their GUI provided tools for data  Data Management: The GUI incorporates a data
input, model selection, and visualization of curve fitting management component responsible for handling user-
results. The research emphasized the significance of GUIs in provided data, such as equations, matrices, or data
assisting domain experts in analyzing complex hydrological
points. It ensures appropriate data validation, storage,
data.
and retrieval for numerical computations.
 Visualization: The visualization component enables
III. METHODOLOGY
users to visualize the results of the numerical methods.
It supports interactive plots, graphs, and visual
This segment focuses on the design and architecture of
representations of data, facilitating data analysis and
the graphical user interface (GUI) developed for
interpretation.
implementing root finding, linear system solving, and curve
fitting numerical methods. The design and architecture of  Control and Coordination: The control and coordination
the GUI play a pivotal role in ensuring its usability, component manage the flow of operations within the
efficiency, and flexibility. The methodology discusses the GUI. It orchestrates interactions between the user

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ISSN No:-2456-2165
interface, numerical methods modules, data  Component Descriptions
management, and visualization components. This section provides a detailed description of the
individual components of the GUI:
 Pseudocode and Flowchart
 User Interface Component: The user interface
 Step 1: Start the system component presents a visually appealing and intuitive
 Step 2: Initialize the User Interface component interface to users. It includes input forms, selection
 Step 3: Initialize the Numerical Methods Modules menus, and result display areas. Users can input
component equations, select desired numerical methods, customize
 Step 4: Initialize the Data Management component settings, and view computation results.
 Step 5: Initialize the Visualization component  Numerical Methods Modules: Each numerical method
 Step 6: Initialize the Control and Coordination module implements the specific algorithms and
component computations associated with the corresponding
 Step 7: Repeat until the system is terminated numerical method. For example, the root finding
 Step 8: Terminate the system modules include implementations of the Bisection,
False Position, Simple fixed point, Newton- Raphson
method, Secant Method.
 Data Management Component: The data management
component handles user-provided data, such as
equations, matrices, or data points. It ensures data
validation, stores and retrieves data as required by the
numerical methods modules, and manages data
persistence.
 Visualization Component: The visualization component
enables users to visualize the results of the numerical
methods. It provides interactive plots, graphs, and
visual representations of data, allowing users to analyze
and interpret the results effectively.
 Control and Coordination Component: The control and
coordination component manage the overall flow of
operations within the GUI. It receives user inputs from
the user interface component, initiates the
corresponding numerical methods modules, coordinates
data management and visualization activities, and
ensures smooth interactions between components.

 Software Environment and Tools

For our implementation, we use MATLAB version
2022a along with the necessary toolboxes for numerical
analysis and GUI development.

Fig 1 System Architecture

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Volume 8, Issue 6, June – 2023 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165
IV. RESULT AND DISCUSSION

The results is showed in the below figures while the interpretation of the results is showed in figure 1.

Fig 2 Bisection Result

Fig 3 Result from Excel

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Volume 8, Issue 6, June – 2023 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
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Fig 4 Bisection Result

Fig 5 False Position Method

Fig 6 Excel Result (Falsi Method)

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Fig 7 False Position Graph

Fig 8 Gaussian Elimination Method

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Fig 9 Gaussian Elimination Continuation

Fig 10 Gauss Jordan Method

Fig 11 Gauss Jordan Continuation

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V. DISCUSSION endpoints of the interval containing the root. The algorithm
then calculates the corresponding function values, f(x1) and
Figure 1 show that the initial interval is [-1, 0] and the f(x2). By assuming that the function is linear between these
function being evaluated is denoted as f(x). The algorithm points, the method determines the x-value, xr, where the
starts with two initial guesses, x1 and x2, which are the linear interpolation intersects the x-axis. The false position
endpoints of the interval. The midpoint, xr, is then method updates the interval based on the sign of f(xr). If
calculated as the average of x1 and x2. In each iteration, the f(xr) has the same sign as f(x1), then the root lies in the
algorithm evaluates f(xr) and checks its sign to determine interval [xr, x2]. Otherwise, the root lies in the interval [x1,
the next interval for iteration. If f(xr) has the same sign as xr]. This process continues until a desired level of accuracy
f(x1), then the root lies in the interval [xr, x2]. Otherwise, is reached where we find the root at 0.0496 approximately at
the root lies in the interval [x1, xr]. The process continues 6th Iteration.
until a desired level of accuracy is reached where we found
the root to be -0.049560547 at the 12th Iteration. Analyzing Figure 5, it shows that the algorithm
performed six iterations. In each iteration, the values of x1,
Looking at Figure 2, it appears that the algorithm x2, xr, f(xr), and the approximate error (Ea) are recorded.
performed 12 iterations. In each iteration, the values of x1, The approximate error measures the difference between
x2, xr, f(xr), and the approximate error (Ea) are recorded. consecutive approximations and is expressed as a percentage
The approximate error measures the difference between of the previous approximation. The last column, Et (%),
consecutive approximations and is expressed as a percentage represents the true percent relative error, which is the
of the previous approximation. The last column, Et (%), difference between the approximate solution and the true
represents the true percent relative error, which is the solution of the equation, expressed as a percentage of the
difference between the approximate solution and the true true solution.
solution of the equation, expressed as a percentage of the
true solution. From Figure 6, it can be observed that the false
position method starts with a relatively wide interval and
Figure 3 which is in form of graph show that the gradually narrows it down as iterations progress. The values
bisection method is converging towards a root as the of f(xr) approach zero, indicating that the algorithm is
iterations progress. The values of f(xr) are getting closer to getting closer to a root. The approximate error (Ea)
zero, indicating that the algorithm is approaching a solution. decreases with each iteration, suggesting convergence. It is
The approximate error (Ea) decreases with each iteration, worth noting that the false position method generally
which suggests that the algorithm is converging. converges faster than the bisection method because it
utilizes linear interpolation. However, the convergence rate
Figure 4 show that in each iteration, the false position can still be influenced by the properties of the function
method uses two initial guesses, x1 and x2, which are the being solved and the chosen initial interval.

Table 1 Comparison Table of Bisection and False Position Method

S/N Properties Method & Evaluation
1 Initial Interval Bisection: The initial interval for the bisection method remains the same throughout the iterations
False Position: It adjusts the interval based on the function evaluations.
2 Convergence Bisection: Bisection method converges slower than the false position method
Rate False Position: The false position method converges faster than the bisection method
3 Efficiency Bisection: It provides better approximation only in more iteration than false position
False Position: The false position method tends to provide better approximations in fewer iterations
compared to the bisection method, as it takes into account the function evaluations for determining
the next interval.
4 True Erro Bisection: The Et (%) values in the Bisection method are generally higher than those in the false
(Et(%)) position method
False Position: The Et (%) values in the false position method are generally lower than those in the
bisection method

Figure 7 & 8 Show that the Gaussian Elimination specific values of the variables and interpret the solution,
Method was applied to a system of linear equations, further analysis or back-substitution is required.
involving row operations and interchanges to simplify the
system. The method aimed to transform the system into an Figure 9 & 10 show that Gauss Jordan Method was
upper triangular form by ensuring a non-zero leading applied to the given system of linear equations using row
coefficient in the first row and eliminating leading operations to transform the augmented matrix into reduced
coefficients in subsequent rows. The augmented matrix was row-echelon form. The resulting form provides a concise
updated after each operation, resulting in a simplified form representation of the system, making it easier to analyze and
of the system. The final augmented matrix represents the interpret the solution. Each row corresponds to an equation,
system with the constants on the right-hand side and the with the entries in the last column representing the
coefficients of the variables in the other columns. To find the constants. The other columns contain the coefficients of the

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variables. By examining the transformed matrix, the specific between the variables. The Gauss Jordan Method proves to
solution to the system can be determined, allowing for a be a valuable technique for solving linear systems, providing
more accurate and precise understanding of the relationship a systematic approach to obtaining the solution.

Table 2 Comparison Table of Gaussian Elimination with Gauss Jordan Method

S/N Properties Method & Evaluation
1 Approach Gaussian elimination: The Gaussian Elimination method focuses on transforming the augmented
matrix into row-echelon form through row operations.
Gauss Jordan: The Gauss Jordan method extends the Gaussian Elimination method by further
transforming the row-echelon form into reduced row-echelon form.
2 Solution Gaussian elimination: The solution is obtained by back substitution after the augmented matrix is
Representation transformed into row-echelon form. The last column represents the constants, and the other
columns represent the variables' coefficients.
Gauss Jordan: The solution is directly read from the reduced row-echelon form. Each row
corresponds to an equation, with the constants and variables' coefficients clearly separated.
3 Uniqueness of Gaussian elimination: The Gaussian Elimination method can determine if a system has a unique
Solution solution, no solution, or infinite solutions by examining the row-echelon form.
Gauss Jordan: The Gauss Jordan method provides a refined form that readily reveals the presence
of an inconsistent system.
4 Efficiency Gaussian elimination: The Gaussian Elimination method requires fewer row operations compared
to the Gauss Jordan method, making it computationally more efficient.
Gauss Jordan: The Gauss Jordan method involves additional row operations to further simplify
the matrix. While it provides a more direct solution representation, it requires more
computational steps.

Both methods are effective in solving linear systems, FUTURE WORK

but the choice between Gaussian Elimination and Gauss
Jordan depends on the specific requirements of the problem. There are several potential avenues for future work
Gaussian Elimination is preferred when the focus is on and improvements in the GUI. Firstly, expanding the
obtaining the solution efficiently, while Gauss Jordan is repertoire of numerical methods within the GUI would
valuable when a refined and concise solution representation enhance its versatility and applicability. Integration of
is desired. advanced algorithms, such as optimization methods or
stochastic approaches, would provide users with a broader
VI. CONCLUSION range of tools for solving complex mathematical problems.
Additionally, incorporating advanced visualization
In conclusion, the paper has successfully developed capabilities, such as interactive plotting and 3D graphing,
and implemented a graphical user interface (GUI) for root would further enhance the GUI's analytical capabilities and
finding, linear system solving, and curve fitting numerical facilitate a deeper understanding of the numerical results.
methods using MATLAB as the software focus. The GUI Given the rapid advancements in machine learning and
has showcased its functionality and contributions in artificial intelligence, future work could explore the
simplifying the utilization of these numerical methods for integration of these techniques within the GUI. This could
users across different domains. While the GUI has inherent involve utilizing machine learning algorithms for automatic
limitations, its strengths lie in its user-friendly design, parameter selection or developing intelligent algorithms that
accuracy, and efficiency. The numerical methods discussed adaptively adjust method parameters based on user feedback
in this research represent valuable tools for solving and problem characteristics. Such innovations would further
mathematical problems. Each method has its strengths and enhance the usability and effectiveness of the GUI in
limitations, and the choice of method depends on the tackling a wide range of numerical analysis tasks.
specific problem at hand. By analyzing the results and
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