Group 7 Presents:

House Drain & House Sewer

Jasper Anido Luis Ladero Pamela Sebastian
 THE HOUSE DRAIN

01 02 03 04

THE HOUSE DETERMINING GRADE OR CHANGE OF

DRAIN THE SIZE OF SLOPE OF THE HOUSE DRAIN
HOUSE DRAIN HOUSE DRAIN DIRECTION

05 06

HOUSE DRAIN HOUSE DRAIN

CLEANOUT APPLIANCES
 THE HOUSE SEWER

01 02 03

HOUSE SEWER
HOUSE SEWER SIEZE OF THE
CONNECTION TO
HOUSE SEWER
MAIN SEWER
 01
THE HOUSE DRAIN

HOUSE DRAIN is that portion of plumbing system that receives

discharges of all soil and waste stacks within the building, and
conveys the same to the house sewer.
 The Collection of Line of a
Plumbing System

Can be installed undeground, or

HOUSE DRAIN suspended below the floor or
inside the ceiling.

In large building, house drain is

usually suspended from the
basement ceiling to avail of the
gravity flow of waste to the Main
Sewer.
 To assure scouring
action, the house drain
should be size correctly
to have a flow about
50% of the pipe
diameter.
 1.1
FOUR TYPES OF
HOUSE DRAIN

COMBINED DRAIN SANITARY DRAIN STORM DRAIN INDUSTRIAL DRAIN

COMBINED DRAIN
Receives discharges of sanitary waste as well
as storm water.

Oldest form of house drain when public

sewers are of the combination design

Already phase out and no longer permitted.

COMBINED STORM DRAIN

 SANITARY DRAIN
Receives discharges of sanitary and domestic
waaste only.

The waste is conveyed to a public sewer, or

septic tank, by the house sewer.

Storm water is not allowed in the sanitary

drain.

SANITARY DRAIN
 SIZE OF SANITARY DRAIN
MAXIMUM NO. OF FIXTURE UNITS THAT MAY BE
DIAMETER OF PIPE
CONNECTED TO:

mm In 2% SLOPE 3% SLOPE 4% SLOPE

2 1.25 1 1 1
38 1.5 2 2.5 3
50 2 5 7 8
53 2.5 12 13 14
75 3 18 18 21
100 4 84 96 114
125 5 162 216 264
150 6 300 450 600
200 8 990 1392 2220
250 10 1800 2520 3900
300 12 3089 4320 6912
 INDUSTRIAL DRAIN
Receives discharges from industrial equipment that
contain some objectionable acid wastes.

Industrial drain that contains acid waste terminates into a

separate drainage basin

STORM DRAIN
Conveys all storm clear water, or surface water waste
except sanitary wastes.

Storm drain terminates into lake, river, dry run or natural

basin.
 2.0
DETERMINING THE SIZE OF
HOUSE DRAIN
 DETERMINING THE SIZE OF
The most practical method HOUSE DRAIN
in determining the size of a
house drain is THE UNIT
SYSTEM. The code committee has
finally decided to adopt the
The amount of liquid waste washbasin discharge as one
discharge through the fixture unit.
Uniform Plumbing Code
committee’s outlet orifices in
ONE FIXTURE UNIT = 30 LITERS OF WATER
a given interval was carefully
measured.
Other fixtures discharges
It was found, that a washbasin being the smallest type of were also tested and the
plumbing fixture, would discharge waste approximately corresponding units were
7.5 gallons in one minute interval. established and listed.
 FIXTURE UNIT VALUES

KIND OF FIXTURE FIXTURE UNIT

Bathtub 2
Floor drain 1
Kitchen sink 2
Residential sink 1.5
Lavatory or wash basin 1
Laundry tub 2
Shower bath 2
Slop sink 3
Sink, hotel or public 2
Urinal 5
Water closet 6
Combination fixture 3
 FIXTURE UNIT VALUES

KIND OF FIXTURE FIXTURE UNIT

One bathroom group 8

consisting of water
closet, lavatory, bathtub
and overhead shower or
water closet, lavatory and
shower compartment

For every 15 square foot 1

roof drain
 Before determining the size of a house
drain, its service/purpose must be known
first.

Sanitary Waste Storm Drain

The fixture Unit load The roof area that

discharges will be the accumulates the major
rainfall water will be the
basis of computation
basis in determining the
with reference to the size of the pipe.
table.
On House Drain, Plumbing Code Provvides that:

1.

No water closet shall discharge into a drain less that

75 mm or 3 inches pipe diameter

2.

No more than two water closets shall discharge into any

75 mm horizontal soil branch, house drain or house
sewer
 3.0
Grade or Slope of the House
Drain
The house drain being a horizontal pipeline must produce the necessary velocity
and discharge capacity at a certain inclination, to attain scouring action.
 Recommendation
It is recommended under any
circumstances that, a 2% slope for the
house drain should be maintained. There
are instances however, where less than 2%
slope was adopted, under the following
circumstances:
 1 2 3

Long sewer line In case the sewer

When the depth of line slope is very
would require lower
the sewer line in slight, installation of
pitch but should not
relation with the the pipe should be
be less than 1%
depth of the guided by leveling
basement floor is instrument for
low accuracy to prevent
sags or trapped
piping.
 The Proper and Improper Slope of
House Drain
The grade or slope of the house drain could be estimated by dividing
the pitch in centimeters (which is the distance between the house sewer
and the elevation of the basement) by the length of the longest branch
in meter.
 A pitch or slope more than 2%
percent, will increase the velocity and
discharge capacity of the pipe, the
effect could be:

1. 2.
A danger that it might This might cause a
decrease the depth of minus pressure if the
the water that is drain is over to a flow
necessary to create a capacity.
scouring action.
 4.0
Change of House Drain Direction
Change of House Drain Direction
is also governed by the
following conditions:
 1.
All changes in directions from horizontal to
horizontal, or vertical to horizontal flow, should be
done with long radius fittings short tees, ¼ bends
and short turn L fittings, should noot be
permitted.
 2. 3.
Soil branch should be Fixture connection
run right angle to the must run at Right Angle
main. to the branch.
 5.0
House Drain Cleanout
 On House Drain Cleanout, The National Plumbing Code
Provides that:

1. The house drain shall be provided with adequate number of cleanouts to

prevent breaking of the floor, in case of drain stoppage.

2. The location of the cleanout depends upon the good judgement of the
plumber where it is readily accessible, in case of line trouble.

3. Any branch of the house drain terminating at a floor drain or fixture, shall be
provided with 100 mm diameter pipe, extended at least 2 inches above the
floor inserted in a 45 degrees Y branch in the direction of the drain flow
4. The cleanout shall be equipped with threaded screw cover provided with a raised
head that could be removed easily with a wrench

5. A cleanout extended above the floor, shall not be utilized as a floor drain.

6. The trap of a floor drain shall be placed not more than 50 centimeters below
the finished floor line, to facilitate cleaning in case of line trouble.

7. A cleanout shall be installed at every 20 meters interval distance, and also

the base of all soil and waste stack.
 6.0
House Drain Appliances
HOUSE DRAIN APPLIANCES INCLUDES THE FOLLOWING:

● 1. House Trap
● A. House trap assembly
● B. Back flow valves
● C. Balanced valve
● D. Unbalanced valve
● 2. Area Drain
● 3. Floor Drain
● 4. Yard Catch Basin
● 5. Garage Catch Basin

● Garage Catch Basins Includes:

● A. Drain tile receptor
● B. Sewage ejector
● C. Automatic water siphon
● D. Sump pit
● E. Grease basin
 A device installed in the house
drain immediately inside the
foundation wall of the buiding.

Serves as a barrier and prevents

the gasses coming from the
public sewer or septic tank in
circulating through the plumbing
system.
House Trap
 A device used in a drainage
system to prevent the reversal of
flow.

Installed in a house drain or

branches of the house drain that
are subjected to reversal flow of
liquid.

Installed on the house drain, just

near the foundation wall or near
BACK FLOW the toilet room under floor.
VALVE It is set in a level position to attain
its full effectiveness.
 Back flow valves are
constructed in two patterns and
are classified as:
The Balance Valve
The Unbalanced Valve
THE BALANCE VALVE
Has the chracteristics of non- interferences in
the movement of air inside the drainage
system, making it the most preferable.

The interior mechanism consists of a brass-

seat into which fitted a gate counter balanced
with an adjustable cast iron weight.
THE UNBALANCED VALVE

Its appearance is similar to the balanced valve.

This type of valve is not preferred because of its

recorded poor performance in the past.
 The area drain assembly consists
of a running trap installed under
the basement floor to protect it
from freezing.

The trap is equipped with a

cleanout.

The minimum size of an area

drain is 10 mm or 4” pipe to drain
AREA DRAIN basement entryways, loading
platforms, or driveways.
 A receptacle used to receive
water to be drained from the
floor into the plumbing system

Sanitary authorities recognized

floor drain as plumbing fixture
properly designed and located
where to receive liquid floor
FLOOR DRAIN waste.
 ON FLOOR DRAIN, THE PLUMBING CODE
RECOMMENDED THE FOLLOWING

1. An average residence is provided with two floor drains. One located near the
heating equipment, and the other in the vicinity of the laundry. In most instances,
one floor drain is provided to serve the entire basement. Because of this false
economy, the result is an annoying wet floor.

2. Every room where laundry equipment is used, shall be provided with adequate
floor drain.
3. The drain proper must be located where the overflowing water will not travel a
great distance over the floor before it enters the drain. It is recommended that the
floor drain be located at one end of the laundry tub. This will assure a dry floor
where one stands when using fixture.

4. Every foot drain shall be supplied with running water from a fixture located
nearby. If the fixture is less than 1.50 meters from the drain, it should be tapped but
not necessarily vented.

5. Fixture drains which supply water to a floor drain, should be connected to the
house side and never to the sewer side of the trap.
 REMINDERS IN INSTALLING
FLOOR DRAIN
1. Floor drain is usually installed on basement floor, near the heaating equipment,
below the kitchen sink, and vicinity of the laundry.

2. The 75 mm P-Trap is recommended minimum size for floor drain. It should be

installed not more than 20 centimeters below the floor line.

3. The P-Trap should be deep seal type.

4. The low inlet hub pattern P-trap is

commonly used as floor drain.
 The National Plumbing Code on
Basement floor drain provides
that:

BASEMENT FLOOR “Cellar or basement floor drain shall

connect into a trap so constructed that it
DRAIN
can be readily cleaned and of a size to
serve efficiently the purpose for which it is
intended; and when subject to back flow
or back pressure, such drain shall be
equipped with an adequate back-water
Valve.”
 A receptacle used to catch
surface water drained
from cemented courts,
driveways, and yards.

Could be a terminal for

drain tile installations
used to drain water from
Yard Catch Basin athletic fields.
 A device designed to convey
wastes from garage, wash rack,
grease pits and repair floors into
the house drain.

Wastes coming from these areas

contain objectionable elements
like grease, oil grit and gasoline
that are detrimental to the
drainage installation as well the
GARAGE CATCH sewage disposal system.

BASIN These sediments cause stoppage

and affect the operation of the
sewage disposal plant.
 Oil and grease adhere to the The function of garage basin is
mechanical devices used in the to retain these noxious materials
treatment of sewage. These and discharge the associated
kinds of wastes may reduce the water into the house drain. The
bacterial activity necessary to efficiency of the garage catch
the process. basin depends on how it is
regulary cleaned.
 Most stoppage in the plumbing
system were found to be caused
by grease and oil contained in the
waste discharges. This is more
prevalent in large kitchens
serving
The efficiency of a grease trap is
dependents on attention given to
it . Removal of the grease is done
regularly to obtain the full benefit
of the device. But removal of the
GREASE BASINS grease is a disagreeable work,
and in most instance, is done only
when the reap ceases to faction
 THE HOUSE SEWER
House sewer is defined as, that
portion of the horizontal drainage
system, which start from the outer
face of the building and terminate at
the main sewer in the street or septic
tank
The main sewer line is financed and
maintained by the government.
Those houses along the street with The efficiency of a drainage installation
main sewer line are required to depends upon the performance of the house
connect their house sewers to the sewer and efficiency would increase by
public sewer line making good connection at the main
 Size of the House Sewer
The size of the house sewer for residential connection to the main or the septic tank has been
established by sanitary authorities, based on their records of installation tests, and mathematical
conclusions.
The old practice is to use 150 mm or 6 inches diameter cement or vitrified clay pipe for house sewer. If
plastic pipe or its interior surface texture equivalent is used, the diameter can be reduce to 100 mm
diameter, subject to the standard rules, promulgated by the National Plumbing Code

How to find the Slope of House Sewer

THANK YOU !