WASTE

SOIL PIPE
CRUZ, TYRONE Y.
BSA-2B
DIFFERENCE
SOIL PIPE WASTE PIPE
• For soiled water. • waste water from your
sinks, shower,
• water and solids bath etc.
into the sewer. • does not typically
• also known as a soil generate harmful gas
vent pipe so does not need to
be vented high above
 RECOMMENDATION
FOR INSTALLATION
• Do not use short radius of
fittings.
• Use long sweep fittings on
horizontal changes.
• For vertical to horizontal
direction Y and 45 degrees.
• The cleanout must equal to
diameter of waste pipe
• Installation must be 2% slope.
Inclined In ratio 2 centimeters
per meter length.
SIZING OF WASTE PIPE

• Drainage pipe must be the of the right size to have a

liquid flow of about 50 % of the pipe diameter.
• If the pipe is 100 mm diameter the waterflow inside
the pipe must have a depth of about 50 mm to
attain the scouring action.
• Too small pipeline leading to overload of flow. Create
back pressure, siphonage and floor flooding.
 KIND OF FIXTURE FIXTURE UNIT
BATHTUB 2
FLOOR DRAIN 1
KITCHEN SINK 2
RESIDENTIAL SINK 1.5
LAVATORY OR WASH BASIN 1
LAUNDRY TUB 2
SHOWER BATH 2
SLOP SINK 3
SINK, HOTEL OR PUBLIC 2
URINAL 5
WATER CLOSET 6
COMBINATION FIXTURE 3
ONE BATHROOM GROUP CONSISTING OF WATER 8
CLOSET,LAVATORY, BATH TUB AND OVERHEAD SHOWER OR
WATER CLOSET, LAVATORY AND SHOWER COMPARTMENT

FOR EVERY 15 SQUARE FOOT ROOF DRAIN 1

 SIZE OF
HORIZONTAL
FIXTURE BRACH
AND STACK
 EXAMPLE
DETERMINE THE SIZE OF HORIZONTAL WASTE
PIPE TO SERVE 5 URINALS , 3 LAVATORIES, 8
SHOWERS AND 2 SLOP SINK
 KIND OF FIXTURE FIXTURE UNIT
BATHTUB 2
FLOOR DRAIN 1
KITCHEN SINK 2
RESIDENTIAL SINK 1.5
LAVATORY OR WASH BASIN 1
LAUNDRY TUB 2
SHOWER BATH 2
SLOP SINK 3
SINK, HOTEL OR PUBLIC 2
URINAL 5
WATER CLOSET 6
COMBINATION FIXTURE 3
ONE BATHROOM GROUP CONSISTING OF WATER 8
CLOSET,LAVATORY, BATH TUB AND OVERHEAD SHOWER OR
WATER CLOSET, LAVATORY AND SHOWER COMPARTMENT

FOR EVERY 15 SQUARE FOOT ROOF DRAIN 1

 IT SEEMS THAT THE 100 mm (4”) PIPE WITH A CAPACITY TO
SERVE 160 FIXTURE UNITS LOAD IS TOO LARGE TO SERVE THE
50 FIXTURE UNITS AS COMPUTED. HOWEVER SINCE 50
FIXTURES UNITS FALL UNDER THE PARAMETER OF 100 mm
PIPE AS FORMULATED IN THE NATIONAL PLUMBING CODE, IT
HAS TO BE FOLLOWED WITHOUT ANY QUESTION. SPECIFY THE
USE OF 100 mm PIPE DIAMETER
 QUESTION:
DETERMINE THE SIZE OF HORIZONTAL WASTE
PIPE FOR 1 LAVATORY, ONE RESIDENTIAL SINK
AND ONE SLOP SINK
 TWO TYPES OF
FIXTURES
• DIRECT WASTE

IS ONE WITH TERMINAL DIRECTLY

CONNECTED ON THE PLUMBING SYSTEM

• INDIRECT WASTE
REFERS TO THE A CONNECTION WITH TERMINAL
NOT DIRECTLY CONNECTED TO THE PLUMBING
SYSTEM.
RECOMMENDED SIZE OF WASTE PIPE
•SINK
THE MINIMUM SIE OF WASTE PIPE FOR SINK IS 38 mm OR ½ “, BUT BECAUSE OF THE MATERIALS
SUSPENDED IN IT, THE PRACTICE IS TO USE 50 mm OR 2” PIPE.
•SLOP SINK
IS TAPPED EITHER ON FLOOR OR WALLS TRAPS ON THE FLOOR SHALL BE 75 OR 100 mm AND 50 mm FOR
TRAPS INSTALLED ON WALLS WITH A CLEANOUT PLUG.
•SCULLERY SINK
50 mm
•PANTRY SINK
38 mm
•FACTORY WASH UP SINK
50 mm
•BATHTUB •LAUNDRY TUB
38 mm min. to 50 mm 38 to 50 mm

•LAVATORIES •DRINKING FOUNTAIN

32 mm
50 mm
•SHOWER BATH •LAVATORY WASTE
50 mm
50 mm
•HOSPITAL FIXTURES
•URINAL 50 mm
50 mm
SOIL PIPE
• it is of a dimension to allow
solid waste to pass
• it is vented in a very specific
way to maintain a safe
environment and reduce
odors
• soil pipe is that part of the iron
pipe of the drainage system
through which the waste
from water closets flows.
 • Ventilate
• Prevent siphoning of the water
trap seal
• Prevent the back pressure.
• Must have at least one soil stack
vent.
NATIONAL PLUMBING CODE • Above the roof Not less than
30cm long and not be less than
75 mm diameter size of the
For •
drain
Vent stack must be extended
SOIL PIPE and terminate through the roof
of the building.
• no less than 2 meters above the
roof.
SOIL BRANCH SOIL STACK
 EXAMPLE
FIND THE SIZE OF A SOIL STACK TO SERVE: 2
UNITS WATER CLOSET, 2 SHOWERS, 2
LAVATORIES AND 1 RESIDENTIAL SINK.
 KIND OF FIXTURE FIXTURE UNIT
BATHTUB 2
FLOOR DRAIN 1
KITCHEN SINK 2
RESIDENTIAL SINK 1.5
LAVATORY OR WASH BASIN 1
LAUNDRY TUB 2
SHOWER BATH 2
SLOP SINK 3
SINK, HOTEL OR PUBLIC 2
URINAL 5
WATER CLOSET 6
COMBINATION FIXTURE 3
ONE BATHROOM GROUP CONSISTING OF WATER 8
CLOSET,LAVATORY, BATH TUB AND OVERHEAD SHOWER OR
WATER CLOSET, LAVATORY AND SHOWER COMPARTMENT

FOR EVERY 15 SQUARE FOOT ROOF DRAIN 1

 THE 20 FIXTURE UNITS IS WITHIN THE LIMIT OF 50 mm OR 2 “
PIPE DIAMETER. THE 38 OR ½ “ DIAMETER PIPE COULD NOT BE
USED BECAUSE OF THE LIMITATIONS SET BY THE PLUMBING CODE
WHICH STATES THAT: “NO WATER CLOSET SHALL DISCHARGE
INTO A DRAIN LESS THAN 75MM OR 3 INCHES DIAMETER PIPE .”
THEREFORE, A 75 mm PIPE DIAMETER WILL BE SPECIFIED, NOT
THE 50 mm, EVEN IF IT WAS THE RESULT OF OUR COMPUTATION.
 QUESTION:
DETERMINE THE SOIL PIPE DIAMETER TO SERVE
8 WATER CLOSETS, 3 SHOWER BATH, 4
URINALS, 2 SLOP SINK AND 3 WASH BASINS.
IT SEEMS THAT THE 100 mm (4”) PIPE IS OVER SIZED TO
SERVE AN 83 FIXTURE UNITS. HOWEVER SINCE 83
RESULT OF COMPUTATION FALLS UNDER THE
PARAMETER OF 100 mm PIPE DIAMETER, THE PROVISON
OF THE CODE MUST PREVAIL. NO CHOICE , SPECIFY 100
mm PIPE DIAMETER.
SOIL BRANCH
SOIL BRANCH
• Is a soil pipe INSTALLED
HORIZONTALLY with lateral
or vertical connections that
receives the discharges of
water closet with or
without additional
plumbing fixtures.
 GENERAL CONDITIONS
IN INSTALLING SOIL
BRANCH
• Concealed in floors, partitions or
lowered ceiling should provide
sufficient number of clean outs.
• Clean out should installed wherever
changes of soil branch directions are
made.
• Should same diameter
• Located at the farthest end of the
branch away from the vertical soil pipe
 GENERAL CONDITIONS
IN INSTALLING SOIL
BRANCH
•The use of short radius
fittings when making
change of directions
such as sanitary tee, ¼
bend and short L should
avoid.
 GENERAL CONDITIONS
IN INSTALLING SOIL
BRANCH
• A long radius fitting shall be used for
horizontal to horizontal or vertical to
horizontal change of directions. Short radius
fittings is only permitted vertical to horizontal
change of direction.
 GENERAL CONDITIONS
IN INSTALLING SOIL
BRANCH
• Soil branch shall be graded
properly and carefully aligned.
Crocked joint should not be
allowed.
 GENERAL CONDITIONS
IN INSTALLING SOIL
BRANCH
• Soil branch having a slope more
than 2% fall has a tendency of
separating the solid waste from the
liquid.
 EXAMPLE
WHAT IS THE DIAMTER OF A SOIL BRANCH IS
APPROPRIATE TO SERVE A BATTERY OF 3
WATER CLOSETS
 KIND OF FIXTURE FIXTURE UNIT
BATHTUB 2
FLOOR DRAIN 1
KITCHEN SINK 2
RESIDENTIAL SINK 1.5
LAVATORY OR WASH BASIN 1
LAUNDRY TUB 2
SHOWER BATH 2
SLOP SINK 3
SINK, HOTEL OR PUBLIC 2
URINAL 5
WATER CLOSET 6
COMBINATION FIXTURE 3
ONE BATHROOM GROUP CONSISTING OF WATER 8
CLOSET,LAVATORY, BATH TUB AND OVERHEAD SHOWER OR
WATER CLOSET, LAVATORY AND SHOWER COMPARTMENT

FOR EVERY 15 SQUARE FOOT ROOF DRAIN 1

 A 75 mm DIAMETER PIPE COULD SERVE UP TO 20 FIXTURES
UNITS. THUS A 75 mm OR 3” PIPE COULD SERVE WELL THE 18
UNITS AS COMPUTED BUT THE PLUMBING CODE ON PIPE SIZE
LIMITATIONS STATES THAT “NOT MORE THAN TWO WATER
CLOSETS SHALL DISCHARGE INTO ANY 75 mm DIAMETER
HORIZONTAL SOIL BRANCH, HOUSE SEWER OR HOUSE DRAIN.”
THE CODE MUST PREVAIL. SPECIFY A 100 mm DIAMETER FOR
SOIL BRANCH, NOT 75 mm AS COMPUTED.
 QUESTION

WHAT IS THE DIAMTER OF A SOIL

WILL BE SATISFACTORY TO SERVE A
BATTERY OF 25 WATER CLOSET?
 • Soil pipe not be contacted with
plastered walls or ceiling because it
will create sounds that are magnified
inside the room.
• Waste and soil pipe not embedded in
NOISE concrete must have insulated.
• Hair felt or mineral wall materials are
packed around the waste or soil pipe
CONDENSATION as insulator to absorb noise.
• Condensation may be overcome by
applying a good quality anti-sweat
covering materials to the soil pipe
installation.
 SIZE OF
DRAINAGE PIPING
•THE MINIMUM SIZES OF VERTICAL AND/OR
HORIZONTAL DRAINAGE PIPINGS SHALL BE
DETERMINED FROM THE TOTAL OF ALL FIXTURE
UNITS.
•TABLE 7.5 SHOWS THE MAXIMUM NUMBER OF
FIXTURE UNITS ALLOWED IN ANY VERTICAL
AND HORIZONTAL DRAINAGE PIPE.
CLEANOUTS
•CLEANOUTS MAY BE OMITTED ON A HORIZONTAL
DRAIN LINE LESS THAN 1.5 METER IN LENGTH
UNLESS SUCH LINE IS SERVING SINKS OR URINALS.
•ON SHORT HORIZONTAL DRAINAGE PIPE INSTALLED
AT A SLOPE OF 72 DEGREES FROM THE VERTICAL
LINE .
•SHALL NOT BE LESS IN SIZE THAN THOSE GIVEN IN
TABLE 7.6
 GRADE OF HORIZONTAL
EXCRETA DRAINAGE PIPING
• HORIZONTAL DRAINAGE PIPING SHALL BE RUN IN PRACTICAL
ALIGNMENT AND AT A UNIFORM SLOPE OF NOT LESS THAN 2%
OR 20 MM TOWARDS THE POINT OF DISPOSAL, PROVIDED THAT
WHERE IT IS IMPRACTICAL DUE TO THE DEPTH OF THE STREET
SEWER.
• ANY SUCH PIPE 102 MM OR LARGER IN DIAMETER MAY HAVE A
SLOPE OF NOT LESS THAN 1% OR 10 MM.
 GRAVITY DRAINAGE
REQUIRED
•ALL PLUMBING FIXTURES SHALL BE
DRAINED INTO THE PUBLIC SEWER OR
PRIVATE SEWAGE DISPOSAL SYSTEM BY
GRAVITY.
DRAINAGE OF FIXTURES LOCATED BELOW
THE UPSTREAM MANHOLE OR BELOW THE
MAIN SEWER
• FLOOD LEVEL RIMS LOCATED BELOW THE ELEVATION OF THE NEARBY
UPSTREAM MANHOLE INVERT OF THE PUBLIC SEWER SHALL BE
PROTECTED FROM BACKFLOW OF SEWAGE BY INSTALLING AN APPROVED
TYPE OF BACK-WATER VALVE.
• BELOW THE CROWN LEVEL OF THE MAIN SEWER SHALL DISCHARGE INTO
AN APPROVED WATERTIGHT SUMP OR RECEIVING TANK,THE SEWAGE OR
OTHER LIQUID WASTES SHALL BE LIFTED AND DISCHARGED INTO THE
BUILDING DRAIN OR BUILDING SEWER.
• THE MINIMUM SIZE OF PUMP DISCHARGE PIPE FROM A SUMP SHALL NOT
BE LESS THAN 50.8 MM DIAMETER.
DRAINAGE OF FIXTURES LOCATED BELOW
THE UPSTREAM MANHOLE OR BELOW THE
MAIN SEWER
• BUILDING DRAIN OR BUILDING SEWER RECEIVING DISCHARGE FROM ANY
PUMP OR EJECTOR SHALL BE ADEQUATELY SIZED TO PREVENT
OVERLOADING. TWO FIXTURE UNITS SHALL BE ALLOWED FOR EACH 0.063 L/s
OF FLOW OR EACH GPM FLOW.
• BACKWATER VALVES, GATE VALVES, MOTORS, COMPRESSOR, AIR TANKS
AND OTHER MECHANICAL DEVICES REQUIRED BY THIS SECTION SHALL BE
LOCATED WHERE THEY WILL BE ACCESIBLE FOR INSPECTION AND REPAIR AT
ALL TIMES AND WHEN NOT EXPOSED SHALL BE ENCLOSED IN A WATER TIGHT
MASONRY PIT FITTED WITH AN ADEQUATELY SIZED REMOVABLE COVER.
 SUDS RELIEF
• FIXTURE OUTLETS SHALL NOT BE CONNECTED TO THE HORIZONTAL
EXCRETA DRAINAGE PIPING SYSTEM WITHIN 2.4 METER OF ANY
VERTICAL TO HORIZONTAL CHANGE OF DIRECTIONS OF STACK
CONTAINING SUDS-PRODUCING FIXTURES. BATHTUBS, LAUNDRIES,
WASHING MACHINE STANDPIPES, KITCHEN SINKS AND DISHWASHERS
SHALL BE CONSIDERED SUDS- PRODUCING FIXTURES.