VED NURSING COLLEGE

Baroli, Panipat

Pediatrics

Lesson Plan on:-

MENTAL RETARDATION
 Identification Data
Presenter:- Miss. Monika
Group of students:- 65
Class:- B.Sc. Nursing 3rd year
Duration :- 1 hr
Teaching Method:- Lecture cum discussion method
A.V. Aids :- Powerpoint Presentation

Objective:-
• Introduction to mental retardation and its definition.
• Causes of mental retardation and its treatment and prognosis to be
done.
S Time Specific Teaching A.v. Remarks
No.
Content Method
Objective Aids
1. 3 min Definition “Mental Retardation refers to Lecture cum Powerpoint
Discussion Presentation
significantly sub-average general
intellectual functioning resulting in Method
or associated with concurrent
impairments in adaptive behaviour
and manifested during the
developmental period” (American
Association on Mental Deficiency,
1983).

General intellectual functioning is

defined as the result obtained by
the administration of standardized
general intelligence tests
developed for the purpose, and
adopted to the conditions of the
region/country.
S Time Specific Teaching A.v. Remarks
No.
Content Method
Objective Aids
Significant subaverage is defined Lecture cum Powerpoint
Discussion Presentation
as an Intelligent Quotient (IQ) of
70 or below on standardized Method
measures of intelligence. The
upper limit is intended as a
guideline and could be extended
to 75 or more, depending on the
reliability pf the intelligence test
used.

Adaptive behaviour is defined as

the degrees with which the
individual meets the standards of
personal independence and social
responsibility expected of his age
and cultural group.
S Time Specific Teaching A.v. Remarks
No.
Content Method
Objective Aids
2. 1 min Epidemiology About 3% of the world population Lecture cum Powerpoint
Discussion Presentation
Is estimated to be mentally
retarded. In India, 5 out of 1000 Method
children are mentally retarded.
Mental Retardation is more
common in boys than girls. With
severe and profound mental
retardation, mortality is high due
to associated physical diseases.

3. 5 min Etiology Genetic Factors:

• Chromosomal Abnormalities
• Metabolic Disorders
• Cranial Malformations
• Gross diseases of brain
S Time Specific Teaching A.v. Remarks
No.
Content Method
Objective Aids
Prenatal Factors: Lecture cum Powerpoint
Presentation
• Infections Discussion
Method
• Endocrine disorders
• Physical damage and
disorders
• Intoxications
• Placental dysfunction

Perinatal Factors :
• Birth asphyxia
• Prolonged or difficult birth
• Prematurity (due to
complications)
• Kernicterus
• Instrumental delivery
S Time Specific Teaching A.v. Remarks
No.
Content Method
Objective Aids
Postnatal Factors: Lecture cum Powerpoint
Presentation
• Infections Discussion
Method
• Accidents
• Lead Poisoning

Environmental and sociocultural

factors:
• Cultural deprivation
• Low socioeconomic
• Inadequate caretakers
• Child abuse
S Time Specific Teaching A.v. Remarks
No.
Content Method
Objective Aids
4. 1 min Classification Intelligence quotient (IQ) is the Lecture cum
Powerpoint
ratio between mental age (MA) Discussion
Presentation
and chronological age is Method
determined from the date of
birth, mental age is determined
by intelligence tests.

5. 4 min Behavioural Mild retardation (IQ 50-70) :

Manifestations This is commonest type of
mental retardation accounting for
85-90% of all cases. These
individuals have minimum
retardation in sensory-motor
areas.
S Time Specific Teaching A.v. Remarks
No.
Content Method
Objective Aids
Moderate retardation (IQ 35-50): Lecture cum Powerpoint
Discussion Presentation
About 10% of mentally retarded
come under this group. Method

Severe retardation (IQ 20-35):

Severe mental retardation is often
recognized early in life with poor
motor development and absent or
markedly delayed speech and
communication skills.

Profound retardation (IQ below

20):
This group accounts for 1-2% of all
mentally retarded. The
achievement of developmental
S Time Specific Teaching A.v. Remarks
No.
Content Method
Objective Aids
milestones is markedly delayed. Lecture cum Powerpoint
Presentation
They require constant nursing care Discussion
and supervision. Associated Method
physical disorders are common.
6. 2 min
Sign and • Failure to achieve
symptoms developmental milestones.
• Deficiencies in cognitive
functioning such as inability
to follow commands or
directions.
• Reduced ability to learn or to
meet academic demands.
• Expressive or receptive
language problems.
S Time Specific Teaching A.v. Remarks
No.
Content Method
Objective Aids
• Psychomotor skill deficits Lecture cum Powerpoint
Presentation
• Difficulty performing self-care Discussion
Method
activities
• Neurologic impairments
• Medical problems, such as
seizures
• Low self-esteem, depression
and labile moods
• Irritability when frustrated or
upset
• Acting-out behavior
• Lack of curiosity.
S Time Specific Teaching A.v. Remarks
No.
Content Method
Objective Aids
6. 3 min Diagnosis • History collection from Powerpoint
Presentation
parents and care takers.
• Physical Examination
• Neurological examination
• Assessing milestones
development
• Urine and blood examination
for metabolic disorders
• Culture for cytogenic and
biochemical studies
• Amniocentesis in infant
chromosomal disorders
• Chorionic villi sampling
• Hearing and speech
evaluation
S Time Specific Teaching A.v. Remarks
No.
Content Method
Objective Aids
7. 2 min Prognosis The prognosis for children with t Powerpoint
Presentation
mental retardation has improved
and institutional care is no longer
done. These children are
mainstreamed whenever feasible
and are taught survival skills.

8. 2 min Treatment • Behaviour Management

Modalities • Environmental Supervision
• Monitoring the child’s
development needs and
problems
• Ongoing evaluation for
overlapping psychiatric
problems.
S Time Specific Teaching A.v. Remarks
No.
Content Method
Objective Aids
9. 2 min Preventions Primary Prevention:- Lecture cum Powerpoint
Discussion Presentation
• Preconception Method
• During gestation
• At delivery
• Childhood
Secondary Prevention
Tertiary Prevention

10. 5 min Nursing Assessment of infant in early

Management stage is done with in regards to
behavioural traits.
Interventions as per the needs
of patient are done.
S Time Specific Teaching A.v. Remarks
No.
Content Method
Objective Aids
11. 2 min Conclusion Mental Retardation usually refers Lecture cum Powerpoint
Discussion Presentation
to the significantly sub-average
general intellectual functioning Method
resulting of impairments.
In this chapter, the discussion was
all about mentally retarded
patients and what preventions and
prognosis that can be done to
prevent patient’s condition back
to general one.
S Time Specific Teaching A.v. Remarks
No.
Content Method
Objective Aids
12. 2 min Summary In this chapter, we have studied Lecture cum Powerpoint
Discussion Presentation
about mental retardation and
discussed about the following Method
topics:-
• Introduction
• Definition
• Epidemiology
• Etiology
• Classification
• Behavioural Manifestations
• Sign and Symptoms
• Diagnosis
• Prognosis
• Treatment Modalities
• Preventions
• Nursing Management
S Time Specific Teaching A.v. Remarks
No.
Content Method
Objective Aids
13. 1 min Bibliography “ Sreevani R”, “ A Guide to Mental Lecture cum Powerpoint
Discussion Presentation
Health and Psychiatric Nursing “,
4th Edition, pg no. 279-285 Method