S NO TIME SPECIFIC CONTENT TEACHING LEARNING A.V.

EVALUATION
OBJECTIVE ACTIVITY ACTIVITY AIDS
INTRODUCTION Student The audience PowerPo What is the
1 To introduce teacher student are int introduction of
1. min about Mental retardation is a developmental disability introduce listening Presentat mental retardation ?
that is marked by lower- than-normal intelligence about Mental ion
Mental retardation Verbal
retardation and limited daily living skills (such as explain
communication skills, social skills and taking
care of self). It is normally present at birth or
develops early in life.

DEFINITION
2 1 To define Student teacher Student looking at By using What is the
Mental “Mental Retardation refers to significantly sub- define the ppt lecture definition of Mental
min Retardation average general intellectual functioning resulting Mental method Retardation ?
in or associated with concurrent impairments in Retardation
adaptive behavior and manifested during the
developmental period” (American Association on
Mental Deficiency, 1983).

1 min What is the EPIDEMIOLOGY Student teacher

3 Epidemiology explain the Student looking at By using What is the
of Mental About 3% of the world population Is estimated to Epidemiology of the PowerPoint lecture Epidemiology of
Retardation be mentally retarded. In India, 5 out of 1000 Mental Presentation method Mental Retardation?
children are mentally retarded. Retardation
Mental Retardation is more common in boys than
girls. With severe and profound mental retardation,
mortality is high due to associated physical
diseases.
4 What are the Student teacher Student looking at By using What are the causes
2 min CAUSES
causes of explain the causes the leaflets the leaflets of Mental
Mental Genetic Factors: of Mental Retardation ?
Retardation Retardation
 Chromosomal Abnormalities
 Metabolic Disorders
 Cranial Malformations
  Gross diseases of brain

Prenatal Factors:
 Infections
 Endocrine disorders
 Physical damage and
disorders
 Intoxications
 Placental dysfunction

Perinatal Factors :
 Birth asphyxia
 Prolonged or difficult birth
 Prematurity (due to
complications)
 Kernicterus
Instrumental delivery
Postnatal Factors:
 Infections
 Accidents
 Lead Poisoning

Environmental and socio cultural factors:

 Cultural deprivation
 Low socioeconomic
 Inadequate caretakers
Child abuse
5 What are the Student teacher Student looking at By using What are the
2 min classification CLASSIFICATION explain the the poster the poster classification of
of Mental classification of Mental
Retardation Intelligence quotient (IQ) is the ratio between Mental Retardation ?
 mental age (MA) and chronological age is Retardation
determined from the date of birth, mental age
is determined by intelligence tests.

Mild retardation (IQ 50-70) :

This is commonest type of mental retardation
accounting for 85-90% of all cases. These
individuals have minimum retardation in
sensory-motor areas.
Moderate retardation (IQ 35-50): About 10% of
mentally retarded come under this group.

Severe retardation (IQ 20-35): Severe mental

retardation is often recognized early in life with
poor motor development and absent or markedly
delayed speech and communication skills.

Profound retardation (IQ below 20):

This group accounts for 1-2% of all mentally
retarded. The achievement of developmental

What are the SIGN AND SYMPTOMS Student teacher Student looking at By using What are the Sign
6 2 min Sign and explain the Sign flipchart flip chart and symptoms of
symptoms of Milestones are markedly delayed. They require and symptoms of Mental
Mental constant nursing care and supervision. Mental Retardation ?
Retardation Associated physical disorders are common. Retardation
 Failure to achieve developmental
milestones.
 Deficiencies in cognitive functioning
such as inability to follow commands or
directions.
  Reduced ability to learn or to meet
academic demands.
 Expressive or receptive language problems.
 Psychomotor skill deficits
 Difficulty performing self-care activities
 Neurologic impairments
 Medical problems, such as seizures
 Low self-esteem, depression and labile
moods
 Irritability when frustrated or upset
 Acting-out behavior
 Lack of curiosity.

DIAGNOSIS
7 1 min Diagnosis Student teacher Student looking at By using How to diagnosis
 History: Family History, and explain the PPT lecture of Mental
abnormalities in pregnancy and delivery, diagnosis of method Retardation ?
Developmental milestone and associated Mental
behavioral disorders. Retardation
 Physical Examination: Height, weight, head
circumference physical sign of specific
disorders.
 Detailed Neurological
Examination: Especially vision, hearing of
specific sign.
 Mental Status Examination
 Investigation: Blood, Urine, CT Brain,
and chromosomal studies.
 Intelligent Test and EEG.

1 min Prognosis The prognosis for children with mental retardation

8 has improved and institutional care is no longer
done. These children are mainstreamed whenever
feasible and are taught survival skills.
 TREATMENT MODALITIES
9 5 min Mention the
 No satisfactory treatment is available till
Management of today. No drugs available to increase Student teacher
Mental intelligence. explain the Student are By using What is the
Retardation  Behavior and environmental supervision Management of listening lecture Management of
 Monitoring the child’s developmental needs Mental method Mental Retardation
and problems. Retardation ?

Programs that maximize speech, language,

cognitive, psychomotor, social, self-care, and
occupational skills.

 Ongoing evaluation for overlapping

psychiatric disorders
 Family therapy and Early intervention
programs for children
 Provide day schools to train the child in basic
skills, such as bathing, brushing and eating.
PREVENTION OF MENTAL
RETARDATION

 Genetic counseling, avoid consanguinity

marriages.
 Good prenatal care and hospital deliveries
 Avoiding marriages of mentally retarded
 Early diagnosis and treatment.
REHABILITATION
Rehabilitation is aimed at

 Physical (appliances for handicaps),

 Social (social skills training) and
 Occupational areas (e.g. by teaching and
training the patients to make them self-
sufficient).
 Day care centers and schools, integrated
 schools, vocational training centers, sheltered
forms and workshops are useful.
TIPS FOR PARENTS OF MENTALLY
CHALLENGED CHILDREN:
 Mental retardation will not be caused by sin,
god’s anger.
 Do not consider them as a burden.
 Home training will give good result.
 Home is the best place to train the child.
 Home training will lead to independent life
 Social welfare schemes available for mentally
retarded in India
 Monthly maintenance charge of Rs.1000/-
 Self-employment subsidy to persons through
banks, and free travel concession with one
escort, free special education, appointment of
legal guardianship, homes and vocational
training program from non-governmental
organizations are available.
 Behavior Management
 Environmental Supervision
 Monitoring the child’s
development needs and problems.

Ongoing evaluation for overlapping psychiatric

problems.
Primary Prevention:-
 Preconception.
 During gestation.
 At delivery.
 Childhood
Secondary Prevention
Tertiary Prevention

NURSING MANAGEMENT
 Provide a safe and comfortable position.
 Difficult child behavior management.
 Limit excessive activity.
 Ambulate with assistance; give special
bathroom.
 Help children identify personal strengths.
 Give knowledge to people nearby, about
mental retardation.
 Encourage children to participate in
activities with friends and other families.
 Encourage the children to maintain contact
with friends.
 Give positive reinforcement on the results
achieved by children.
 Assess understanding family about the
child's illness and treatment plan.
 Emphasize and explain other health team,
about the child's condition, procedures and
therapies are recommended.
 Use every opportunity to improve
understanding of the disease and its
treatment family.
 Repeat as often as possible information.
 Identification of the need for personal
hygiene and provide assistance as needed.
 Identification of difficulties in self-care,
such as lack of physical movement,
cognitive decline.
 Encourage children to do their own
maintenance.
 Education for parents:
 For each stage of child development ages.
 Support the involvement of parents in child
care.
 Anticipatory guidance and management face
a difficult child behavior.
 Inform the existing educational facilities and
groups, etc.
 1 min Conclusion Mental Retardation What is
What is the
the
In this chapter, we have usually
studied refers to the
about mental Student
Student teacher Student looking
Student looking at
at By using
By using
Conclusion
Summary significantly sub-average general intellectual
retardation and discussed about the teacher
explain the PPT
PPT lecture
lecture summary ofof
11 1 min functioning resulting of impairments. concluded Mental Retardation
method Mental Retardation
following topics:- Summarythe method
In this chapter,
 Introduction the discussion was all about mental
mentally retarded patients and what preventions
 Definition retardation
and prognosis that can be done to prevent
 Epidemiology
patient’s condition back to general one
 Etiology
 Classification
 Behavioral Manifestations
 Sign and Symptoms
 Diagnosis
 Prognosis
 Treatment Modalities
 Preventions
 Nursing Management

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