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Search Results (890)

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14 pages, 3635 KiB  
Article
Precision Imaging for Early Detection of Esophageal Cancer
by Po-Chun Yang, Chien-Wei Huang, Riya Karmakar, Arvind Mukundan, Tsung-Hsien Chen, Chu-Kuang Chou, Kai-Yao Yang and Hsiang-Chen Wang
Bioengineering 2025, 12(1), 90; https://doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering12010090 - 20 Jan 2025
Viewed by 521
Abstract
Early detection of early-stage esophageal cancer (ECA) is crucial for timely intervention and improved treatment outcomes. Hyperspectral imaging (HSI) and artificial intelligence (AI) technologies offer promising avenues for enhancing diagnostic accuracy in this context. This study utilized a dataset comprising 3984 white light [...] Read more.
Early detection of early-stage esophageal cancer (ECA) is crucial for timely intervention and improved treatment outcomes. Hyperspectral imaging (HSI) and artificial intelligence (AI) technologies offer promising avenues for enhancing diagnostic accuracy in this context. This study utilized a dataset comprising 3984 white light images (WLIs) and 3666 narrow-band images (NBIs). We employed the Yolov5 model, a state-of-the-art object detection algorithm, to predict early ECA based on the provided images. The dataset was divided into two subsets: RGB-WLIs and NBIs, and four distinct models were trained using these datasets. The experimental results revealed that the prediction performance of the training model was notably enhanced when using HSI compared to general NBI training. The HSI training model demonstrated an 8% improvement in accuracy, along with a 5–8% enhancement in precision and recall measures. Notably, the model trained with WLIs exhibited the most significant improvement. Integration of HSI with AI technologies improves the prediction performance for early ECA detection. This study underscores the potential of deep learning identification models to aid in medical detection research. Integrating these models with endoscopic diagnostic systems in healthcare settings could offer faster and more accurate results, thereby improving overall detection performance. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Machine Learning and Deep Learning Applications in Healthcare)
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40 pages, 9873 KiB  
Review
Luminescent Lanthanide Infinite Coordination Polymers for Ratiometric Sensing Applications
by Ziqin Song, Yuanqiang Hao, Yunfei Long, Peisheng Zhang, Rongjin Zeng, Shu Chen and Wansong Chen
Molecules 2025, 30(2), 396; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules30020396 - 18 Jan 2025
Viewed by 311
Abstract
Ratiometric lanthanide coordination polymers (Ln-CPs) are advanced materials that combine the unique optical properties of lanthanide ions (e.g., Eu3+, Tb3+, Ce3+) with the structural flexibility and tunability of coordination polymers. These materials are widely used in biological [...] Read more.
Ratiometric lanthanide coordination polymers (Ln-CPs) are advanced materials that combine the unique optical properties of lanthanide ions (e.g., Eu3+, Tb3+, Ce3+) with the structural flexibility and tunability of coordination polymers. These materials are widely used in biological and chemical sensing, environmental monitoring, and medical diagnostics due to their narrow-band emission, long fluorescence lifetimes, and excellent resistance to photobleaching. This review focuses on the composition, sensing mechanisms, and applications of ratiometric Ln-CPs. The ratiometric fluorescence mechanism relies on two distinct emission bands, which provides a self-calibrating, reliable, and precise method for detection. The relative intensity ratio between these bands varies with the concentration of the target analyte, enabling real-time monitoring and minimizing environmental interference. This ratiometric approach is particularly suitable for detecting trace analytes and for use in complex environments where factors like background noise, temperature fluctuations, and light intensity variations may affect the results. Finally, we outline future research directions for improving the design and synthesis of ratiometric Ln-CPs, such as incorporating long-lifetime reference luminescent molecules, exploring near-infrared emission systems, and developing up-conversion or two-photon luminescent materials. Progress in these areas could significantly broaden the scope of ratiometric Ln-CP applications, especially in biosensing, environmental monitoring, and other advanced fields. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nano-Functional Materials for Sensor Applications—2nd Edition)
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12 pages, 7354 KiB  
Article
A Vibration Signal-Based Active Noise Control Method for Liquid-Filled Pipelines
by Yunhao Wang, Qichao Liu, Wenjing Yu and Guo Cheng
Sensors 2025, 25(2), 463; https://doi.org/10.3390/s25020463 - 15 Jan 2025
Viewed by 324
Abstract
Pulsation noise in the piping system generated by the excitation of the pump source seriously affects the reliability of the pipeline system and mechanical equipment. The active noise control can effectively suppress the low-frequency noise in the liquid-filled pipeline. Active control methods with [...] Read more.
Pulsation noise in the piping system generated by the excitation of the pump source seriously affects the reliability of the pipeline system and mechanical equipment. The active noise control can effectively suppress the low-frequency noise in the liquid-filled pipeline. Active control methods with intrusive secondary sources generally use dynamic pressure sensors or hydrophones to collect signals, which destroy the structure of the pipe. In this paper, we propose an active noise control method utilizing signals acquired by accelerometers, which adopts offline modeling of the secondary path and the notch narrowband FxLMS algorithm for controlling the secondary source actuation. The feasibility of this method is verified by LabVIEW simulation and active noise control test of the liquid-filled pipeline. The test results show that this method can achieve more than 4 dB reduction for low-frequency (10~200 Hz) line spectrum noise under most operating conditions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Physical Sensors)
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14 pages, 4875 KiB  
Article
Improved Direct–Parallel Active Noise Control Systems for Narrowband Noise
by Cheng-Yuan Chang, Ming-Han Ho and Sen M. Kuo
Viewed by 539
Abstract
Narrowband active noise control (NANC) systems are extensively used to cancel narrowband noise. Direct, parallel, and direct–parallel NANC systems use nonacoustic sensors to measure rotational speeds, and a bank of signal generators then produces synchronized sinusoidal waveforms as reference signals corresponding to the [...] Read more.
Narrowband active noise control (NANC) systems are extensively used to cancel narrowband noise. Direct, parallel, and direct–parallel NANC systems use nonacoustic sensors to measure rotational speeds, and a bank of signal generators then produces synchronized sinusoidal waveforms as reference signals corresponding to the fundamental frequency of the undesired noise. The performance of direct NANC systems is based on the frequency difference between two adjacent reference input sinusoids. Parallel NANC systems apply several sinewave generators and two-weight adaptive filters in parallel to attenuate these narrowband components. Conventional direct–parallel NANC systems split these sinusoids into several mutually exclusive sets such that the distance between frequencies within sets is maximized. This paper proposes an improved direct–parallel NANC system in which reference sinusoidal signals are separated by amplitude to enhance efficiency and improve noise reduction performance. Several experiments were conducted using a muffler model to verify the performance of the proposed NANC system. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Active Control of Sound and Vibration)
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11 pages, 6470 KiB  
Article
Multi-Structure-Based Refractive Index Sensor and Its Application in Temperature Sensing
by Zhaokun Yan, Shubin Yan, Ziheng Xu, Changxing Chen, Yuhao Cao, Xiaoran Yan, Chong Wang and Taiquan Wu
Sensors 2025, 25(2), 412; https://doi.org/10.3390/s25020412 - 12 Jan 2025
Viewed by 397
Abstract
In this paper, a new sensor structure is designed, which consists of a metal–insulator–metal (MIM) waveguide and a circular protrusion and a rectangular triangular cavity (CPRTC). The characterization of nanoscale sensors is considered using an approximate numerical method (finite element method). The simulation [...] Read more.
In this paper, a new sensor structure is designed, which consists of a metal–insulator–metal (MIM) waveguide and a circular protrusion and a rectangular triangular cavity (CPRTC). The characterization of nanoscale sensors is considered using an approximate numerical method (finite element method). The simulation results show that the sharp asymmetric resonance generated by the interaction between the discrete narrow-band mode and the continuous wideband mode is called Fano resonance. The performance of the sensor is considerably influenced by CPRTC. The sensor structure has attained a sensitivity of 3060 nm/RIU and a figure of merit (FOM) of 53.68. In addition, the application of this structure to temperature sensors is also investigated; its sensitivity is 1.493 nm/°C. The structure also has potential for other nanosensors. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Nanosensors)
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17 pages, 2393 KiB  
Article
Partial Discharge Detection from Large Motor Stator Slots Using EFPI Sensors
by Jinlong Wang, Weizhong Sun, Jun Zhou, Lei Wang, Lianfei Chen, Pengcheng Chen, Qichao Chen and Weichao Zhang
Sensors 2025, 25(2), 357; https://doi.org/10.3390/s25020357 - 9 Jan 2025
Viewed by 347
Abstract
This study addresses the challenges of electromagnetic interference and unstable signal transmission encountered by traditional sensors in detecting partial discharge (PD) within stator slots of large motors. A novel Extrinsic Fabry–Perot Interferometer (EFPI) sensor with a vibration-coupling air gap was designed to enhance [...] Read more.
This study addresses the challenges of electromagnetic interference and unstable signal transmission encountered by traditional sensors in detecting partial discharge (PD) within stator slots of large motors. A novel Extrinsic Fabry–Perot Interferometer (EFPI) sensor with a vibration-coupling air gap was designed to enhance the narrowband resonant detection sensitivity for PD ultrasonic signals by optimizing the diaphragm structure and coupling interface. The sensor features a quartz diaphragm with a thickness of 20 μM, an effective constrained radius of 0.9 mm, a vibration-coupling air gap depth of 100 μM, and a first-order natural resonant frequency of 66 kHz. Simulation and experimental analyses revealed the distribution characteristics and propagation paths of ultrasonic signals within stator slots. The results demonstrate that the EFPI sensor effectively detects PD ultrasonic signals at its resonant frequency of 66 kHz with a localization error of less than 5 mm, meeting engineering requirements. This study provides theoretical and practical insights into the efficient detection and precise localization of insulation faults in large motor stators. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Optical Sensors for Industrial Applications)
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11 pages, 1089 KiB  
Article
Gastric Intestinal Metaplasia in Children and Adolescents Is Reversible upon Reaching Adulthood—Results from a Long-Term Cohort Study
by Jan Drnovšek, Nina Zidar, Jera Jeruc, Lojze M. Šmid, Gaj Vidmar, Borut Štabuc and Matjaž Homan
Cancers 2025, 17(1), 128; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers17010128 - 3 Jan 2025
Viewed by 519
Abstract
Background/Objectives: Gastric intestinal metaplasia (GIM) is considered an irreversible preneoplastic precursor for gastric adenocarcinoma in adults. However, its significance in children and the long-term outcome remain poorly understood. Methods: All children diagnosed with GIM between 2000 and 2020 were identified at a large [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: Gastric intestinal metaplasia (GIM) is considered an irreversible preneoplastic precursor for gastric adenocarcinoma in adults. However, its significance in children and the long-term outcome remain poorly understood. Methods: All children diagnosed with GIM between 2000 and 2020 were identified at a large tertiary referral centre. Upon reaching adulthood (≥18 years), the patients were invited to undergo follow-up esophagogastroduodenoscopy (using narrow-band imaging additionally to high-definition white light endoscopy), with gastric biopsies obtained according to the updated Sydney protocol. Childhood and adulthood gastric biopsies were re-evaluated by two experienced gastrointestinal pathologists using Kreyberg staining. Results: Paediatric GIM was diagnosed in 178/14,409 (1.2%) esophagogastroduodenoscopies performed during the study period. Fifty adult patients with childhood GIM agreed to participate in the study. The mean age at childhood and adulthood endoscopies were 14.3 years (median 15) and 25.2 years (median 24), respectively. The mean follow-up interval was 10.5 years. All childhood GIM cases were classified as complete-type. Notably, GIM completely resolved in 41/50 of patients (82%) by the time of adulthood follow-up. No dysplasia or carcinoma was detected in any patient. Childhood Helicobacter pylori infection, similar to other evaluated host-related factors, was not significantly associated with the persistence of GIM into adulthood (11.2% vs. 29.3%, p = 0.41). Conclusions: Childhood GIM was a rare finding but demonstrated a high rate of reversibility by adulthood regardless of Helicobacter pylori status, with no cases of dysplasia or carcinoma observed during long-term follow-up. Full article
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13 pages, 5166 KiB  
Article
A Design of Vanadium Dioxide for Dynamic Color Gamut Modulation Based on Fano Resonance
by Junyang Zhu, Ruimei Zeng, Yiwen Yang, Yiqun Zhou, Zhen Gao, Qi Wang, Ruijin Hong and Dawei Zhang
Crystals 2024, 14(12), 1096; https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst14121096 - 19 Dec 2024
Viewed by 467
Abstract
In this paper, a design of vanadium dioxide for dynamic color gamut modulation based on Fano resonance is proposed. This approach facilitates color modulation by manipulating the phase transition state of vanadium dioxide. The device integrates both broadband and narrowband filters, featuring a [...] Read more.
In this paper, a design of vanadium dioxide for dynamic color gamut modulation based on Fano resonance is proposed. This approach facilitates color modulation by manipulating the phase transition state of vanadium dioxide. The device integrates both broadband and narrowband filters, featuring a structure consisting of a top silver mesh, a layer of vanadium dioxide, and a Fabry–Pérot cavity, which allows for effective modulation of the reflectance spectrum. Simulation results demonstrate that when vanadium dioxide is in its insulating state, the maximum reflectivity observed in the device spectrum, reaching 43.1%, appears at 475 nm. Conversely, when vanadium dioxide transitions to its metallic state, the peak wavelength shifts to 688 nm, accompanied by an increased reflectance peak of 59.3%. Analysis of electric field distributions reveals that the intensity caused by surface plasmonic resonance dominates over the excited Fano resonance while vanadium dioxide is in its insulating state, which is the opposite of when vanadium dioxide transitions to its metallic state. This behavior exhibits an excellent dynamic color-tuning capability. Specifically, the phase transition of vanadium dioxide results in a color difference ∆E2000 of up to 36.7, while maintaining good color saturation. This technique holds significant potential for applications such as dynamic color display and anti-counterfeit labeling. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Preparation and Characterization of Optoelectronic Functional Films)
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9 pages, 2760 KiB  
Article
Bandwidth-Tunable Optical Amplifier with Narrowband Filtering Function Enabled by Parity-Time Symmetry at Exceptional Points
by Kunpeng Zhu, Xiaoyan Zhou, Yinxin Zhang, Zhanhua Huang and Lin Zhang
Photonics 2024, 11(12), 1188; https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics11121188 - 19 Dec 2024
Viewed by 585
Abstract
Integrated optical amplifiers are the building blocks of on-chip photonic systems, and they are often accompanied by a narrowband filter to limit noise. In this sense, a bandwidth-tunable optical amplifier with narrowband filtering function is crucial for on-chip optical circuits and radio frequency [...] Read more.
Integrated optical amplifiers are the building blocks of on-chip photonic systems, and they are often accompanied by a narrowband filter to limit noise. In this sense, a bandwidth-tunable optical amplifier with narrowband filtering function is crucial for on-chip optical circuits and radio frequency systems. The intrinsic loss and coupling coefficients between resonator and waveguide inherently limit the bandwidth. The parity-time symmetric coupled microresonators operating at exceptional points enable near zero bandwidth. In this study, we propose a parity-time symmetric coupled microresonators system operating near EPs to achieve a bandwidth of 46.4 MHz, significantly narrower than bandwidth of 600.0 MHz and 743.2 MHz achieved by two all-pass resonators with identical gain/loss coefficients. This system also functions as an optical bandwidth-tunable filter. The bandwidth tuning ranges from 175.7 MHz to 7.8 MHz as gain coefficient adjusts from 0.2 dB/cm to 0.4 dB/cm. Our scheme presents a unique method to obtain narrow bandwidth from two broadband resonators and serves as an optical bandwidth-tunable filter, thereby paving a new avenue for exploring non-Hermitian light manipulation in all-optical integrated devices. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Group IV Photonics: Advances and Applications)
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21 pages, 15996 KiB  
Article
Erbium-Doped Fibers Designed for Random Single-Frequency Lasers Operating in the Extended L-Band
by Denis Lipatov, Alexey Abramov, Alexey Lobanov, Denis Burmistrov, Sergei Popov, Dmitry Ryakhovsky, Yuriy Chamorovskiy, Alexey Bazakutsa, Liudmila Iskhakova, Olga Egorova and Andrey Rybaltovsky
Photonics 2024, 11(12), 1175; https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics11121175 - 13 Dec 2024
Viewed by 662
Abstract
The paper presents the results of developing Er-doped optical fibers for creating random single-frequency lasers in the wavelength range of 1570–1610 nm. The possibility of broadening the luminescence band of Er3+ ions in silicate glasses in the long-wavelength region of the spectrum [...] Read more.
The paper presents the results of developing Er-doped optical fibers for creating random single-frequency lasers in the wavelength range of 1570–1610 nm. The possibility of broadening the luminescence band of Er3+ ions in silicate glasses in the long-wavelength region of the spectrum by introducing a high concentration of P2O5, as well as by additional doping with Sb2O3, is investigated. It is found that both approaches do not improve the dynamics of luminescence decay in the L-band. In addition, Er2O3-GeO2-Al2O3-SiO2 and Er2O3-GeO2-Al2O3-P2O5-SiO2 glasses were studied as the core material for L-band optical fibers. The developed fibers exhibited high photosensitivity and a high gain of 5 and 7.2 dB/m, respectively. In these fibers, homogeneous arrays of extended weakly reflecting Bragg gratings were recorded directly during the fiber drawing process. Samples of arrays 5 m long and with a narrow reflection maximum at ~1590 nm were used as the base for laser resonators. Narrow-band random laser generation in the wavelength region of 1590 nm was recorded for the first time. At a temperature of 295 K, the laser mode was strictly continuous wave and stable in terms of output power. The maximal power exceeded 16 mW with an efficiency of 16%. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Lasers, Light Sources and Sensors)
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16 pages, 24023 KiB  
Article
Analysis of Supraharmonics Emission in Power Grids: A Case Study of Photovoltaic Inverters
by João Pinto, Bernhard Grasel and José Baptista
Electronics 2024, 13(24), 4880; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics13244880 - 11 Dec 2024
Viewed by 589
Abstract
High-frequency (HF) emissions, referred to as supraharmonics (SHs), are proliferating in low- and medium-voltage networks due to the increasing use of technologies that generate distortions in the 2 kHz to 150 kHz range. The propagation of SHs through the electrical grid causes interference [...] Read more.
High-frequency (HF) emissions, referred to as supraharmonics (SHs), are proliferating in low- and medium-voltage networks due to the increasing use of technologies that generate distortions in the 2 kHz to 150 kHz range. The propagation of SHs through the electrical grid causes interference with power supply components and end-user equipment. With the increasing frequency of these incidents, it is imperative to establish guidelines and regulations that facilitate diagnosis and limit the amount of emissions injected into the electrical grid. The proliferation of SH emissions from active power electronics devices is a significant concern, especially considering the growing importance of photovoltaic (PV) systems in the context of climate change. The aim of this paper is to address and analyze the emissions from different PV inverters present in an electrical network. Several scenarios were simulated to understanding and identifying possible correlations. This study examines real signals from PV systems, which exhibit narrowband, broadband and time-varying emissions. This paper concludes by emphasizing the need for specific regulations for this frequency range while also providing indications for future research. Full article
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11 pages, 2798 KiB  
Systematic Review
Effectiveness of Narrowband Ultraviolet on Vitiligo: A Systematic Review
by Ana Luisa Tenani Pereira da Costa, Julya Gracite de Menezes, Mayara Louise Beltrame, Bianca Veronese da Silva, Dartel Ferrari Lima, Dérrick Patrick Artioli, Márcia Rosângela Buzanello and Gladson Ricardo Flor Bertolini
Dermato 2024, 4(4), 187-197; https://doi.org/10.3390/dermato4040016 - 11 Dec 2024
Viewed by 514
Abstract
Background: Narrowband ultraviolet B (nb-UVB) is one of the most popular and effective modalities to treat vitiligo. Given the importance of nb-UBV, as well as its associations, this research searched the literature for answers on how to best treat vitiligo. Objective: To conduct [...] Read more.
Background: Narrowband ultraviolet B (nb-UVB) is one of the most popular and effective modalities to treat vitiligo. Given the importance of nb-UBV, as well as its associations, this research searched the literature for answers on how to best treat vitiligo. Objective: To conduct a systematic literature review assessing the efficacy of narrowband ultraviolet B (NB-UVB) therapy for the treatment of vitiligo, in comparison with psoralen plus ultraviolet A (PUVA) therapy and other topical or systemic treatment modalities. Methods: The databases included were PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, Scopus, Web of Science, and LILACS. Gray literature was also used: Google Scholar, Open Grey, and Library of Thesis and Dissertations-CAPES. The search used the keywords: “Vitiligo” AND “Ultraviolet Therapy OR Actinotherapy”. The risk of bias was evaluated using the Cochrane Risk of Bias 2 (RoB 2) tool by two independent, blinded reviewers, with disagreements resolved by a third reviewer. The outcome assessed was repigmentation. Results: Three randomized controlled trials were selected from 2973 records. In three studies, Nb-UVB had superior effects to the comparator. Conclusion: Nb-UVB phototherapy improves repigmentation in patients with vitiligo, with few side effects. However, the variability in the protocols and the risk of bias require caution when interpreting the results. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Reviews in Dermatology: Current Advances and Future Directions)
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9 pages, 1561 KiB  
Article
Facile Synthetic Access Towards Sulfur- and Selenium-Functionalized Boron-Based Multiresonance TADF Emitters
by Zeynep Güven, Hadi Dolati, Leo Wessel and René Frank
Molecules 2024, 29(24), 5819; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules29245819 - 10 Dec 2024
Viewed by 689
Abstract
Thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) materials with high photoluminescence quantum yields and a fast reverse intersystem crossing (RISC) are of the highest interest for organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs). In the past decade, triaryl boranes with multiple resonance effect (MR) have captured significant attention. [...] Read more.
Thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) materials with high photoluminescence quantum yields and a fast reverse intersystem crossing (RISC) are of the highest interest for organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs). In the past decade, triaryl boranes with multiple resonance effect (MR) have captured significant attention. The efficiency of MR-TADF emitters strongly depends on small singlet–triplet energy gaps (ΔEST), but also on large reverse intersystem crossing (RISC) rate constants (kRISC). The latter effect has strongly been focused on very recently and has drawn attention to heavier elements, including sulfur and selenium, the large spin–orbit coupling (SOC) of which accelerates RISC effects. Within the context of MR-TADF emitters, the 5,9-X2-13b-boranaphtho [3,2,1-de]anthracene scaffold (X-B-X, X = donor heteroatom, e.g., N, O, S, Se) has been recognized as a promising narrowband-emissive TADF material. However, the incorporation of sulfur and selenium as highly SOC-inducing elements has proven to be difficult. Most synthetic strategies apply protocols initially suggested by Hatakeyama to obtain nitrogen- and oxygen-doped materials. We present an alternative route over the established methodology, which affords highly sought-after sulfur- and selenium-doped materials with a high yield and purity. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Main Group Chemistry)
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15 pages, 2599 KiB  
Article
Improving Passband Characteristics in Chebyshev Sharpened Comb Decimation Filters
by Gordana Jovanovic Dolecek and Alfonso Fernandez-Vazquez
Appl. Sci. 2024, 14(23), 11421; https://doi.org/10.3390/app142311421 - 8 Dec 2024
Viewed by 693
Abstract
This work presents the design of optimal and multiplierless compensators for Chebyshev sharpened comb decimation filters. The narrowband and wideband compensators are proposed. For the narrowband, the compensator with a magnitude response is proposed in a sinusoidal form, while for the wideband, two [...] Read more.
This work presents the design of optimal and multiplierless compensators for Chebyshev sharpened comb decimation filters. The narrowband and wideband compensators are proposed. For the narrowband, the compensator with a magnitude response is proposed in a sinusoidal form, while for the wideband, two compensators with magnitude responses of two sinusoidal functions are introduced. The optimum design is performed using particle swarm optimization (PSO), while the multiplierless design is realized by presenting optimum parameters in a signed-power-of-two (SPT) form. Unlike the methods in the literature, this approach presents flexibility in design, allowing for an exchange between the quality of optimization and the complexity. Comparisons with the compensators from the literature demonstrated that the proposed method provides much better compensation while requiring fewer or slightly increased number of adders. Possible practical applications and potential future research work are also included. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Electrical, Electronics and Communications Engineering)
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18 pages, 4405 KiB  
Article
The Improvement in the Growth and Biosynthesis of Polyphenols in Ocimum basilicum L. Plants Through Simultaneous Modulation of Light Conditions and Soil Supplementation
by Galina N. Veremeichik, Valeria P. Grigorchuk, Evgenii P. Subbotin, Sergei O. Kozhanov, Olga A. Tikhonova, Evgenia V. Brodovskaya, Slavena A. Silantieva, Natalia I. Subbotina, Yulia L. Yaroshenko, Yurii N. Kulchin and Victor P. Bulgakov
Horticulturae 2024, 10(12), 1295; https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae10121295 - 4 Dec 2024
Viewed by 815
Abstract
The sweet basil Ocimum basilicum L. is the subject of numerous studies and is cultivated as a food and ornamental plant. Moreover, O. basilicum could be useful in the prevention of stroke ischemia, and its anticancer properties were recently shown. Caffeic acid derivatives, such [...] Read more.
The sweet basil Ocimum basilicum L. is the subject of numerous studies and is cultivated as a food and ornamental plant. Moreover, O. basilicum could be useful in the prevention of stroke ischemia, and its anticancer properties were recently shown. Caffeic acid derivatives, such as rosmarinic acid (RA), chicoric acid, salvianolic acids, and anthocyanins, provide the medicinal properties of basil. Therefore, investigations of the optimal growth conditions that can provide cost-effective cultivation of highly productive basil plants are relevant and important. The aim of the present work was to study the effects of a combination of soil composition and light conditions on the morphological and biochemical characteristics of O. basilicum. In totally artificial (indoor) environments, light-emitting diodes (LEDs) may provide a broad range of narrowband wavelengths with different intensities. This technology can lower operating costs. In addition to the spectral composition, light intensity (PPFD, µmol m−2s−1) is an important parameter for the optimal growth of plants. In the experiment, we used different spectra of LED lamps with intensities of 300 µmol m−2s−1: warm white, monochromatic (green and red), and a combination of blue and red. Plants were grown under various lighting conditions in soil supplemented with fertilizer, Z-ion, and Crystallon. The results showed that supplementation of soil with Crystallon had a greater effect on the growth of both above- and below-ground parts of O. basilicum plants. Interestingly, growing O. basilicum plants under R and RB light led to a 2-fold increase in the biosynthesis of both the key caffeic acid derivative RA and anthocyanin. However, given that under RB light, there is no positive effect of Crystallon on growth, the productivity of RA and anthocyanin reached a maximum when O. basilicum plants were grown under R light and Crystallon. Under these conditions, the productivity of anthocyanins and caffeic acid derivatives in O. basilicum was more than eight times greater than that in untreated O. basilicum plants. Full article
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