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18 pages, 7632 KiB  
Article
Research on the Fine Control of the Influence of Pipe-Jacking Parameter Deviation on Surrounding Stratum Deformation
by Tianlong Zhang, Guoqing Chen, Ping Lu and Dongqing Nie
Appl. Sci. 2025, 15(4), 2208; https://doi.org/10.3390/app15042208 - 19 Feb 2025
Abstract
Based on the Zhuyuan–Bailonggang sewage interconnection pipe project in Shanghai, the ABAQUS finite element software was used in numerical simulations to study the fine control of stratum disturbances caused by pipe jacking parameter deviation in soft soil areas. Combining the simulation results with [...] Read more.
Based on the Zhuyuan–Bailonggang sewage interconnection pipe project in Shanghai, the ABAQUS finite element software was used in numerical simulations to study the fine control of stratum disturbances caused by pipe jacking parameter deviation in soft soil areas. Combining the simulation results with onsite measured data, the Peck formula was used to predict surface settlement. The results indicate the following: (1) The jacking speed and face pressure are negatively correlated with surface settlement. Under the maximum positive deviation and negative deviations in the jacking speed, after the tail passes through the monitoring section D0 16 ring, the maximum value of settlement at point B8 increases by 21.6% and decreases by 12.8%, respectively. Increasing the jacking speed increases the area with stress change ratio R < 0 at monitoring section D0, and the arch foot at the tail of the pipe jacking machine decreases the surface settlement. In contrast, when the face pressure deviates from its average value, the variation range is less than 1%. (2) The pipe slurry coefficient and surface subsidence are positively correlated. Under the maximum positive deviation and the maximum negative deviation, the tail passes through the monitoring section D0 16 ring, and the maximum settlement value at B8 decreases by 4.9% and increases by 16.5%, respectively. The increase in the coefficient reduces the area with R < 0 at D0 and increases the surface settlement. (3) In the order of descending strength, surface settlement is affected by the jacking speed, slurry friction coefficient, and face pressure. (4) To predict the maximum surface settlement value due to deviations in the jacking parameters, the Peck formula was modified using a correction factor α ranging from 0.6 to 3.0 and a settlement trough width correction factor β ranging from 1.6 to 4.0. The modified prediction curve is in closer agreement with the actual conditions. Full article
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31 pages, 41794 KiB  
Article
Development of Mathematical Model for Understanding Microcirculation in Diabetic Foot Ulcers Based on Ankle–Brachial Index
by Ana Karoline Almeida da Silva, Gustavo Adolfo Marcelino de Almeida Nunes, Rafael Mendes Faria , Mário Fabrício Fleury Rosa, Lindemberg Barreto Mota da Costa, Newton de Faria, Adson Ferreira da Rocha , José Carlos Tatmatsu-Rocha and Suelia de Siqueira Rodrigues Fleury Rosa
Bioengineering 2025, 12(2), 206; https://doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering12020206 - 19 Feb 2025
Abstract
This study proposes an innovative mathematical model for assessing microcirculation in patients with diabetic ulcers, using the ankle–brachial index (ABI). The methodology combines Bond Graph (BG) modeling and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), enabling a detailed analysis of hemodynamic patterns in a pilot sample [...] Read more.
This study proposes an innovative mathematical model for assessing microcirculation in patients with diabetic ulcers, using the ankle–brachial index (ABI). The methodology combines Bond Graph (BG) modeling and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), enabling a detailed analysis of hemodynamic patterns in a pilot sample of three patients. The results revealed a correlation between ulcer size and reduced ABI values, suggesting that deficits in microcirculation directly impact the severity of lesions. Furthermore, despite variations in ABI values and arterial pressures, all patients exhibited high capillary resistance, indicating difficulties in microcirculatory blood flow. The PSO-optimized parameters for the capillary equivalent circuit were found to be R1=89.784Ω, R2=426.55Ω, L=27.506H, and C=0.00040675F, which confirms the presence of high vascular resistance and reduced compliance in the microvascular system of patients with diabetic foot ulcers. This quantitative analysis, made possible through mathematical modeling, is crucial for detecting subtle changes in microcirculatory dynamics, which may not be easily identified through conventional pressure measurements alone. The increased capillary resistance observed may serve as a key indicator of vascular impairment, potentially guiding early intervention strategies and optimizing diabetic ulcer treatment. We acknowledge that the sample size of three patients represents a limitation of the study, but this number was intentionally chosen to allow for a detailed and controlled analysis of the variables involved. Although the findings are promising, additional experimental validations are necessary to confirm the clinical applicability of the model in a larger patient sample, thus solidifying its relevance in clinical practice. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Computational Models in Cardiovascular System)
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16 pages, 12579 KiB  
Article
A Study on the Mechanism of the Precipitation-Induced Slope Instability of Colluvium
by Jingying Wang, Jihong Yang, Xinglong Yang and Fengge Shi
Appl. Sci. 2025, 15(4), 1933; https://doi.org/10.3390/app15041933 - 13 Feb 2025
Abstract
In this study, the evolution process of a landslide model under continuous rainfall conditions with a rainfall intensity of 30 mm/h is studied in depth based on an outdoor rainfall model test of a colluvial slope as the research material. The response law [...] Read more.
In this study, the evolution process of a landslide model under continuous rainfall conditions with a rainfall intensity of 30 mm/h is studied in depth based on an outdoor rainfall model test of a colluvial slope as the research material. The response law of pore water pressure and settlement amount is also obtained, and the influence of bedrock inclination angle on the development and deformation failure of the colluvial landslide is discussed. When the dip angle of the bedrock is 40°, it is prone to sudden slip-type landslides, and the evolution process is as follows: tensile cracks appear at the trailing edge, and these cracks continue to increase, leading to overall sliding. When the bedrock dip angle is 30°, traction landslides are prone to occur, and the evolution process is as follows: there is sliding at the foot of the slope, tensile cracks appear in the middle, sliding occurs in the middle, and tensile cracks appear in the upper part, leading to overall sliding. Before the landslide starts, the pore water pressure rises significantly. In the process of landslide evolution, the fine particles move to the foot of the slope with the rainwater, and the larger the angle of the slope, the greater the number of fine particles that accumulate at the foot of the slope, and the higher the elevation and the larger the scale of the trailing edge of the sliding body during sliding. Full article
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7 pages, 641 KiB  
Technical Note
Open Deep Venous Arterialization for No-Option Chronic Limb-Threatening Ischemia: A Variable and Adaptable Technique
by Yaman Alsabbagh, Young Erben and Houssam Farres
Surg. Tech. Dev. 2025, 14(1), 6; https://doi.org/10.3390/std14010006 - 8 Feb 2025
Abstract
Background: Patients with no-option chronic limb-threatening ischemia (NoCLTI), lacking suitable distal arteries for conventional revascularization, face major limb amputation. The 1-year mortality rate after major amputation is 48.3%, increasing to 70.9% in 3 years. Open deep venous arterialization (DVA) offers a promising alternative [...] Read more.
Background: Patients with no-option chronic limb-threatening ischemia (NoCLTI), lacking suitable distal arteries for conventional revascularization, face major limb amputation. The 1-year mortality rate after major amputation is 48.3%, increasing to 70.9% in 3 years. Open deep venous arterialization (DVA) offers a promising alternative for limb salvage, achievable through open, endovascular, or hybrid approaches. We aim to provide a comprehensive, step-by-step guide to performing open DVA in NoCLTI patients, addressing preoperative and postoperative considerations as well as the technical details of the procedure. Methods: Patient selection for open DVA focuses on individuals with NoCLTI at high risk for amputation. Preoperative assessments include evaluating risk factors, determining limb threat severity using the Wound, Ischemia, and foot Infection (WIfI) score, and mapping anatomical patterns via the Global Limb Anatomic Staging System (GLASS). The procedure involves identifying the target artery using Doppler ultrasound, performing microdissection to expose the artery and vein, ligating proximal vein branches, and creating a side-to-side anastomosis. Venous valves are disrupted with a valvulotome to allow antegrade flow. A proximal bypass graft may be applied if necessary. Results: Postoperatively, patients are monitored for 2–4 days with frequent Doppler assessments. Anticoagulation therapy begins with a heparin drip, transitioning to oral agents and/or dual antiplatelet therapy. Wound care includes deferred debridement for 2–4 weeks and may involve negative-pressure therapy. Follow-up involves weekly visits for the first month, and then at 3 months, and every 6 months thereafter, with surveillance using transcutaneous oxygen measurement, the toe–brachial index, and arterial duplex ultrasound. Conclusions: Open DVA represents a viable limb salvage option for patients with NoCLTI, potentially avoiding major amputations and improving quality of life. Success depends on careful patient selection, a meticulous surgical technique, and comprehensive postoperative care. Full article
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19 pages, 3782 KiB  
Article
Seasonal and Meteorological Drivers of Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease Outbreaks Using Data-Driven Machine Learning Models
by Pakorn Lonlab, Suparinthon Anupong, Chalita Jainonthee and Sudarat Chadsuthi
Trop. Med. Infect. Dis. 2025, 10(2), 48; https://doi.org/10.3390/tropicalmed10020048 - 6 Feb 2025
Abstract
Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease (HFMD) predominantly affects children under the age of five and remains a significant public health concern in the Asia-Pacific region. HFMD outbreaks are closely linked to seasonal changes and meteorological factors, particularly in tropical and subtropical areas. In [...] Read more.
Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease (HFMD) predominantly affects children under the age of five and remains a significant public health concern in the Asia-Pacific region. HFMD outbreaks are closely linked to seasonal changes and meteorological factors, particularly in tropical and subtropical areas. In Thailand, a total of 657,570 HFMD cases were reported between 2011 and 2022 (12 years). This study aimed to identify the high- and low-risk HFMD outbreak areas using machine learning models: Logistic Regression (LR), Support Vector Machine (SVM), Decision Tree (DT), Random Forests (RF), Gradient Boosting Machine (GBM), and Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost). Our findings showed that the XGBoost model outperformed the other models in predicting unseen data and defining the best model. The best model can be used to detect high-risk outbreak areas and to explore the relationship between meteorological factors and HFMD outbreaks. The results highlighted the seasonal distribution of high-risk HFMD outbreak months across different provinces in Thailand, with average maximum temperature, average rainfall, and average vapor pressure identified as the most influential factors. Furthermore, the best model was used to analyze HFMD outbreaks during the COVID-19 pandemic, showing a notable reduction in high-risk outbreak months and areas, likely due to the control measures implemented during this period. Overall, our model shows great potential as a tool for warnings, providing useful insights to help public health officials reduce the impact of HFMD outbreaks. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Infectious Diseases)
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13 pages, 5693 KiB  
Article
Bilateral Asymmetries of Plantar Pressure and Foot Balance During Walking, Running, and Turning Gait in Typically Developing Children
by Wei Liu, Liu Xu, Haidan Wu, Yile Wang, Hanhui Jiang, Zixiang Gao, Endre Jánosi, Gusztav Fekete, Qichang Mei and Yaodong Gu
Bioengineering 2025, 12(2), 151; https://doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering12020151 - 5 Feb 2025
Abstract
Biomechanical asymmetries between children’s left and right feet can affect stability and coordination, especially during dynamic movements. This study aimed to examine plantar pressure distribution, foot balance, and center of pressure (COP) trajectories in children during walking, running, and turning activities to understand [...] Read more.
Biomechanical asymmetries between children’s left and right feet can affect stability and coordination, especially during dynamic movements. This study aimed to examine plantar pressure distribution, foot balance, and center of pressure (COP) trajectories in children during walking, running, and turning activities to understand how different movements influence these asymmetries. Fifteen children participated in the study, using a FootScan plantar pressure plate to capture detailed pressure and balance data. The parameters, including time-varying forces, COP, and Foot Balance Index (FBI), were analyzed through a one-dimensional Statistical Parametric Mapping (SPM1d) package. Results showed that asymmetries in COP and FBI became more pronounced, particularly during the tasks of running and directional turns. Regional plantar pressure analysis also revealed a more significant load on specific foot areas during these dynamic movements, indicating an increased reliance on one foot for stability and control. These findings suggest that early identification of asymmetrical loading patterns may be vital in promoting a balanced gait and preventing potential foot health issues in children. This study contributes to understanding pediatric foot biomechanics and provides insights for developing targeted interventions to support healthy physical development in children. Full article
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13 pages, 4343 KiB  
Article
Neuromuscular Control in Postural Stability: Insights into Myoelectric Activity Involved in Postural Sway During Bipedal Balance Tasks
by Arunee Promsri
Abstract
Examining the dynamic interplay of muscle contributions to postural stability enhances our understanding of the neuromuscular mechanisms underlying balance control. This study examined the similarity in shape (using cross-correlation analysis) between seven individual lower limb electromyographic (EMG) signals and center-of-pressure (COP) displacements (i.e., [...] Read more.
Examining the dynamic interplay of muscle contributions to postural stability enhances our understanding of the neuromuscular mechanisms underlying balance control. This study examined the similarity in shape (using cross-correlation analysis) between seven individual lower limb electromyographic (EMG) signals and center-of-pressure (COP) displacements (i.e., EMG–COP correlation) in 20 young adults (25.2 ± 4.0 years) performing bipedal balance tasks on both stable and multi-axially unstable surfaces, testing the effects of four factors—leg dominance, surface stability, sway direction, and foot position—on individual EMG–COP correlations. The results revealed significant effects of leg dominance (p = 0.004), surface stability (p ≤ 0.001), and sway direction (p ≤ 0.001) on specific muscles. Notably, balancing on the non-dominant leg resulted in a stronger correlation between tibialis anterior activity and postural sway compared to the dominant leg. On a stable surface, postural sway showed stronger correlations with the rectus femoris, semitendinosus, biceps femoris, gastrocnemius medialis, and soleus muscles than on an unstable surface. Additionally, anteroposterior postural sway exhibited a greater correlation with semitendinosus and tibialis anterior activity compared to mediolateral sway. These findings underscore the importance of specific muscles in maintaining bipedal balance, with implications for improving balance performance across various populations. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Methods of Biomedical Signal Processing II)
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40 pages, 5811 KiB  
Review
New Perspectives of Hydrogels in Chronic Wound Management
by Adina Alberts, Andreea Gabriela Bratu, Adelina-Gabriela Niculescu and Alexandru Mihai Grumezescu
Molecules 2025, 30(3), 686; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules30030686 - 4 Feb 2025
Abstract
Chronic wounds pose a substantial healthcare concern due to their prevalence and cost burden. This paper presents a detailed overview of chronic wounds and emphasizes the critical need for novel therapeutic solutions. The pathophysiology of wound healing is discussed, including the healing stages [...] Read more.
Chronic wounds pose a substantial healthcare concern due to their prevalence and cost burden. This paper presents a detailed overview of chronic wounds and emphasizes the critical need for novel therapeutic solutions. The pathophysiology of wound healing is discussed, including the healing stages and the factors contributing to chronicity. The focus is on diverse types of chronic wounds, such as diabetic foot necrosis, pressure ulcers, and venous leg ulcers, highlighting their etiology, consequences, and the therapeutic issues they provide. Further, modern wound care solutions, particularly hydrogels, are highlighted for tackling the challenges of chronic wound management. Hydrogels are characterized as multipurpose materials that possess vital characteristics like the capacity to retain moisture, biocompatibility, and the incorporation of active drugs. Hydrogels’ effectiveness in therapeutic applications is demonstrated by how they support healing, including preserving ideal moisture levels, promoting cellular migration, and possessing antibacterial properties. Thus, this paper presents hydrogel technology’s latest developments, emphasizing drug-loaded and stimuli-responsive types and underscoring how these advanced formulations greatly improve therapy outcomes by enabling dynamic and focused reactions to the wound environment. Future directions for hydrogel research promote the development of customized hydrogel treatments and the incorporation of digital health tools to improve the treatment of chronic wounds. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Hydrogels: Preparation, Characterization, and Applications)
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18 pages, 2885 KiB  
Article
Effect of Vibro-Tactile Stimulation Sequence and Support Surface Inclination on Gait and Balance Measures
by Christopher P. Engsberg, Nathaniel H. Hunt, Steven Barlow and Mukul Mukherjee
Brain Sci. 2025, 15(2), 138; https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci15020138 - 30 Jan 2025
Abstract
The plantar surfaces of the feet are important for balance control during walking, specifically by allowing for the perception of pressure movements during stance. Background/Objectives: The current study aimed to perturb CoP movement perception in healthy individuals by applying vibrations to the [...] Read more.
The plantar surfaces of the feet are important for balance control during walking, specifically by allowing for the perception of pressure movements during stance. Background/Objectives: The current study aimed to perturb CoP movement perception in healthy individuals by applying vibrations to the soles of the feet in different stimulation sequences: a natural pattern that followed CoP movement (gait-like) and a perturbing pattern that did not follow the CoP (random) during walking. We hypothesized that the gait-like stimulation sequence would be similar to walking without any stimulation and therefore have no effect on balance measures and that the random sequence would negatively affect balance measures such as the anteroposterior (AP) and mediolateral (ML) margins of stability (MoSs) and foot placement area. Methods: Subjects walked at a level angle and 5.0 and 8.0 degrees of incline and with low visual conditions to increase reliance on tactile sensations from the feet. Results: No significant effect of the stimulation sequence was found at any incline, while there was a significant effect of incline. As the incline increased from level to 5 deg, subjects reduced their AP MoS measured at heel strikes from 4.36 ± 0.56 cm to 1.95 ± 1.07 cm and increased their foot placement area from 24.04 ± 11.13 cm2 to 38.98 ± 17.47 cm2. However, the AP MoS measured at midstance did not significantly change as the incline increased. Conclusions: The stimulation sequence had no effect on the dependent measures, but the subjects could still feel the vibrations on the plantar surfaces during walking; this implies that similar stimulation techniques could be a useful method for applying directive biofeedback without negatively impacting gait. Overall, this study demonstrates the detailed control of our tactile system and the adaptability of healthy individuals while walking with a perturbing stimulation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Multisensory Perception of the Body and Its Movement)
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16 pages, 9581 KiB  
Article
Adaptive Exoskeleton Device for Stress Reduction in the Ankle Joint Orthosis
by Andrey Iziumov, Talib Sabah Hussein, Evgeny Kosenko and Anton Nazarov
Sensors 2025, 25(3), 832; https://doi.org/10.3390/s25030832 - 30 Jan 2025
Abstract
Treating ankle fractures in athletes, commonly resulting from training injuries, remains a significant challenge. Current approaches to managing both non-surgical and postoperative foot and ankle disorders have focused on integrating sensory systems into orthotic devices. Recent analyses have identified several gaps in rehabilitation [...] Read more.
Treating ankle fractures in athletes, commonly resulting from training injuries, remains a significant challenge. Current approaches to managing both non-surgical and postoperative foot and ankle disorders have focused on integrating sensory systems into orthotic devices. Recent analyses have identified several gaps in rehabilitation strategies, especially regarding gait pattern reformation during recovery. This work aims to enhance rehabilitation effectiveness for patients with ankle injuries by controlling load distribution and monitoring joint flexion/extension angles, as well as the reactive forces during therapeutic exercises and walking. We developed an exoskeleton device model using SolidWorks 2024 software, based on data from two patients: one healthy and one with an ankle fracture. Pressure measurements in the posterior limb region were taken using the F-Socket system and a custom electromechanical sensor designed by the authors. The collected data were analyzed using the butterfly parameterization method. This research led to the development of an adaptive exoskeleton device that provided pressure distribution data, gait cycle graphs, and a diagram correlating foot angles with the duration of exoskeleton use. The device demonstrated improvement in the patients’ conditions, facilitating a more normalized gait pattern. A reduction in the load applied to the ankle joint was also observed, with the butterfly parameter confirming the device’s correct operation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Sensors and Robotics)
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19 pages, 4301 KiB  
Article
Three-Dimensional Printed Auxetic Insole Orthotics for Flat Foot Patients with Quality Function Development/Theory of Inventive Problem Solving/Analytical Hierarchy Process Methods
by Tadeus Pantryan Simarmata, Marcel Martawidjaja, Christian Harito and Cokisela C. L. Tobing
Designs 2025, 9(1), 15; https://doi.org/10.3390/designs9010015 - 28 Jan 2025
Abstract
Foot disorders affect approximately 10% of adults, with plantar heel pain significantly impacting foot-related quality of life and altering walking patterns. Flat feet, characterized by a lack of longitudinal arches, can lead to fatigue during walking. This study aims to develop 3D-printed shoe [...] Read more.
Foot disorders affect approximately 10% of adults, with plantar heel pain significantly impacting foot-related quality of life and altering walking patterns. Flat feet, characterized by a lack of longitudinal arches, can lead to fatigue during walking. This study aims to develop 3D-printed shoe insoles tailored to the needs of patients. The design process incorporates Quality Function Deployment (QFD), Theory of Inventive Problem Solving (TRIZ), and Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) methods to create insoles that alleviate concentrated loads while meeting patient requirements. The AHP analysis indicated that patients prioritize insoles that effectively manage pressure distribution to achieve optimal functionality. QFD and TRIZ facilitated the identification of four product alternatives and production specifications. The analysis indicated that 3D-printed insoles made from TPU filament with 20% auxetic infill best align with patient preferences. This auxetic TPU option emerged as the top choice, achieving a priority value of 0.2506 due to its superior functionality and comfort. Load distribution measurements confirmed that TPU with auxetic infill resulted in the lowest load distribution, with a standard deviation of 0.1434 and a 25.4% reduction in maximum load compared to conditions without the insole. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Design Process for Additive Manufacturing)
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19 pages, 5819 KiB  
Article
Plantar Pressure-Based Gait Recognition with and Without Carried Object by Convolutional Neural Network-Autoencoder Architecture
by Chin-Cheng Wu, Cheng-Wei Tsai, Fei-En Wu, Chi-Hsuan Chiang and Jin-Chern Chiou
Biomimetics 2025, 10(2), 79; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomimetics10020079 - 26 Jan 2025
Abstract
Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have been widely and successfully demonstrated for closed set recognition in gait identification, but they still lack robustness in open set recognition for unknown classes. To improve the disadvantage, we proposed a convolutional neural network autoencoder (CNN-AE) architecture for [...] Read more.
Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have been widely and successfully demonstrated for closed set recognition in gait identification, but they still lack robustness in open set recognition for unknown classes. To improve the disadvantage, we proposed a convolutional neural network autoencoder (CNN-AE) architecture for user classification based on plantar pressure gait recognition. The model extracted gait features using pressure-sensitive mats, focusing on foot pressure distribution and foot size during walking. Preprocessing techniques, including region of interest (ROI) selection, feature image extraction, and data horizontal flipping, were utilized to establish a CNN model that assessed gait recognition accuracy under two conditions: without carried items and carrying a 500 g object. To extend the application of the CNN to open set recognition for unauthorized personnel, the proposed convolutional neural network-autoencoder (CNN-AE) architecture compressed the average foot pressure map into a 64-dimensional feature vector and facilitated identity determination based on the distances between these vectors. Among 60 participants, 48 were classified as authorized individuals and 12 as unauthorized. Under the condition of not carrying an object, an accuracy of 91.218%, precision of 93.676%, recall of 90.369%, and an F1-Score of 91.993% were achieved, indicating that the model successfully identified most actual positives. However, when carrying a 500 g object, the accuracy was 85.648%, precision was 94.459%, recall was 84.423%, and the F1-Score was 89.603%. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Brain–Computer Interfaces)
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16 pages, 3330 KiB  
Article
Effects of Customized Full-Contact Insoles Crafted with Polyester Fabric Sheets on Plantar Pressure and Gait in Hallux Valgus
by Hsin-Yu Chen, Chin-Kang Chang, Fu-Ting Wang, Chia-Hao Yen, Hsiang-Chun Chuang, Tsung-Yang Wang, Fang-Yao Chiu and Hsien-Te Peng
Bioengineering 2025, 12(2), 103; https://doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering12020103 - 23 Jan 2025
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Abstract
This study investigates the benefits of innovative full-contact insoles, crafted using polyester fabric sheets of thermoplastic extruded materials, for individuals with hallux valgus-induced plantar pain. Thirty-five individuals with hallux valgus-induced foot pain were randomly allocated to either the experimental group, wearing innovative full-contact [...] Read more.
This study investigates the benefits of innovative full-contact insoles, crafted using polyester fabric sheets of thermoplastic extruded materials, for individuals with hallux valgus-induced plantar pain. Thirty-five individuals with hallux valgus-induced foot pain were randomly allocated to either the experimental group, wearing innovative full-contact insoles 6 h daily, or the control group, using regular foot insoles, over a period of 12 weeks. Data collection occurred at baseline, and at 1 week, 2 months, and 3 months after the initial fitting. Results indicated that the innovative full-contact insoles significantly reduced anteroposterior displacement by an average of 0.9 cm (p = 0.025) and displacement area by 0.79 cm2 (p = 0.012). Gait improvements included an increase in the swing phase (36.46%, p = 0.008) and a reduction in stance phase duration (63.54%, p = 0.019). Pressure peaks at critical foot regions like the second metatarsal and medial heel were reduced by up to 39.45 kPa (p = 0.016) and 104.07 kPa (p = 0.031), while contact areas in the midfoot increased by 6.17 cm2 (p = 0.039). Foot pain decreased by an average score of 1.28 points on a 10-point scale across various measures (p = 0.041). These findings suggest that the innovative full-contact insoles effectively enhance pressure distribution and gait dynamics in patients with hallux valgus, providing a viable option for managing foot discomfort. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biomechanics of Human Movement and Its Clinical Applications)
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17 pages, 2849 KiB  
Article
Application of Smart Insoles in Assessing Dynamic Stability in Patients with Chronic Ankle Instability: A Comparative Study
by Seonghyun Kang, Jaewook Kim, Yekwang Kim, Juhui Moon, Hak Jun Kim and Seung-Jong Kim
Sensors 2025, 25(3), 646; https://doi.org/10.3390/s25030646 - 22 Jan 2025
Viewed by 352
Abstract
Chronic ankle instability (CAI), due to its chronic nature and biomechanical complexity, is well-suited for continuous monitoring and tele-rehabilitation using wearable sensor technology. This study assessed whether a smart insole system, equipped with 4 force-sensing resistor sensors and an inertial measurement unit, combined [...] Read more.
Chronic ankle instability (CAI), due to its chronic nature and biomechanical complexity, is well-suited for continuous monitoring and tele-rehabilitation using wearable sensor technology. This study assessed whether a smart insole system, equipped with 4 force-sensing resistor sensors and an inertial measurement unit, combined with functional tests and biomechanical indices, could distinguish CAI patients from healthy controls. A total of 21 CAI patients (23.8 ± 5.1 years) and 16 controls (22.62 ± 2.60 years) completed a battery of functional performance tests while wearing the smart insole system. The results showed an increased medial-lateral pressure ratio in the CAI during heel raise (p = 0.031, effect size = 0.82) and hop tests, suggesting an everted foot position. Significant deviations in center-of-pressure trajectory during double-leg heel raises (p = 0.005, effect size = 1.10) suggested asymmetric motion coordination, while compensatory fluctuations of the lifted limb during single-leg balance tests (p = 0.011, effect size = 1.03) were greater in CAI patients. These findings facilitated the development of features to characterize CAI-specific movement patterns. Together, this system shows promise as a quantitative assessment tool for CAI, supporting improved treatment outcomes through tele-rehabilitation. Full article
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8 pages, 1843 KiB  
Case Report
A Case of Diabetic Ischemic Ulcer with Toe Deformity Successfully Treated with Revascularization and Surgical Offloading
by Kazuhito Nagasaki, Kyota Kikuchi, Masuomi Tomita, Katsuya Hisamichi and Yuko Izumi
J. Clin. Med. 2025, 14(3), 646; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm14030646 - 21 Jan 2025
Viewed by 423
Abstract
Background: Diabetic ischemic ulcers with toe deformities are challenging to manage due to combined ischemia, infection, and mechanical stress. This case report highlights the successful treatment of a complex diabetic ischemic ulcer using a multidisciplinary approach that included revascularization and surgical offloading. Case [...] Read more.
Background: Diabetic ischemic ulcers with toe deformities are challenging to manage due to combined ischemia, infection, and mechanical stress. This case report highlights the successful treatment of a complex diabetic ischemic ulcer using a multidisciplinary approach that included revascularization and surgical offloading. Case Presentation: A 70-year-old male with type 2 diabetes mellitus presented with non-healing ulcers on the right third toe. The ulcers, located at the dorsal PIP joint and plantar MTP joint, were attributed to ischemia, infection, and progressive toe deformity. Angiography revealed significant arterial stenosis, which was treated with percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) to restore in-line flow and improve skin perfusion pressure. Surgical offloading included PIP resection arthroplasty and metatarsal shortening osteotomy. Postoperative management ensured complete ulcer healing, and no recurrence was observed during the three-year follow-up. Discussion: This case underscores the importance of combining revascularization to improve perfusion and surgical offloading to alleviate mechanical stress. Key factors for success included the restoration of in-line flow, achieving sufficient skin perfusion pressure, and reducing plantar pressure. Multidisciplinary collaboration among vascular surgeons, orthopedists, and wound care specialists played a critical role in achieving excellent long-term outcomes. Conclusions: Revascularization followed by surgical offloading provided effective treatment for a diabetic ischemic ulcer with toe deformity. This multidisciplinary approach demonstrates the necessity of individualized strategies to manage complex diabetic foot cases and prevent recurrence. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Clinical Advances in Vascular and Endovascular Surgery)
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