Search Results (12,866)

Changes in cultivated land use significantly impact food production capacity, which in turn affects food security. Therefore, accurately understanding the spatial and temporal variations in cultivated land use is critical for strategic decision-making regarding national food security. Since the second national soil survey was conducted in around 1980, China has implemented major efforts, such as a nationwide soil testing and fertilization project in around 2005 and the establishment of the National Standards for Cultivated Land Quality Grading in 2016. However, limited research has focused on how cultivated land use has changed during these periods and the mechanisms driving these changes. This study, using Enshi Prefecture in the mountainous region of southwestern Hubei Province as a case study, examines the spatiotemporal changes in cultivated land use during 1980–2018. Land use data from 1980, 2005, and 2018 were combined with statistical yearbook data from Enshi Prefecture, and remote sensing and GIS technology were applied. Indicators such as the dynamic degree of cultivated land use, the relative rate of change in cultivated land use, and a Geoscience Information Atlas model were used to explore these changes. Additionally, principal component analysis was employed to examine the mechanisms influencing these changes. The results show that (1) the area of cultivated land in Enshi Prefecture increased slightly from 1980 to 2005, while from 2005 to 2018, it significantly decreased; compared with the earlier period, the transformation of land use types during 2005–2018 was more intense; (2) the increase in cultivated land area from 1980 to 2005 was mainly due to deforestation, the creation of farmland from lakes, and the reclamation of wasteland, while the decrease in land area was primarily attributed to the conversion of farmland back to forests and grassland. From 2005 to 2018, the main drivers for the increase in cultivated land were deforestation and the reclamation of wasteland, while the return of farmland to forests remained the primary reason for the decrease in land area; (3) from 1980 to 2005, the dynamic degree of cultivated land use in each county and city of Enshi Prefecture was generally low. However, between 2005 and 2018, the dynamic degree increased in most counties and cities except Enshi City and Xianfeng County; (4) there were significant variations in the relative rate of change in cultivated land utilization across counties and cities from 1980 to 2005. However, from 2005 to 2018, the relative rate of change decreased in all counties and cities compared to the previous period; (5) since 1980, nearly 50% of the cultivated land in Enshi Prefecture has undergone land classification conversion, with frequent shifts between different land classes; and (6) economic development, population growth, capital investment, food production, and production efficiency are the dominant socioeconomic factors driving changes in cultivated land use in Enshi Prefecture. The results of this study can provide a scientific basis for the protection and optimization of cultivated land resources in the mountainous regions of southwestern Hubei Province. Full article

Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium (CRP), particularly including the pericarp of Citrus reticulata ‘Chachi’ (GCP), has been widely used as a food, a dietary supplement, and traditional Chinese medicine. Despite the widespread use of traditional foods, there is limited evidence regarding the precise relationships between storage conditions, aging duration, and the digestive performance of CRP. In this study, the aim was to investigate the impact of the storage conditions on the quality of aged GCP during shelf life and to evaluate the subsequent digestive performance of corresponding GCP decoctions. Respiration in GCP was monitored by measuring oxygen (O₂), carbon dioxide (CO₂), and methane (CH₄) gases throughout the storage simulation, with O₂ and CO₂ validated as prospective safety measures. Five flavonoids (hesperidin, didymin, nobiletin, tangeretin, and 3,5,6,7,8,3′,4′-heptamethoxyflavone) were determined as quality indicators, and their contents were significantly affected by the duration of the storage simulation and the aging periods of GCP. Our study also found that temperature and humidity significantly affected the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emission from GCP. Eighteen compounds were proposed to show potential as descriptive measures of aging periods while eight compounds were proposed as potential indicators to discriminate among the spoilage level. Furthermore, the bioaccessibility of hesperidin ranged from ~30% to ~50% and was not significantly affected by the GCP’s aging time nor the consumer’s sex (p < 0.05). This study presents evidence for the future control of the quality of GCP and its digestive performance in males and females. Full article

The widespread use of social media among children has raised concerns about its impact on their dietary habits and health. This systematic review investigates the negative effects of social media on children’s diets to inform evidence-based interventions and policies. A search of peer-reviewed studies from 2020 to 2024 was conducted using PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus. Studies involving children aged 5–18 and examining social media’s influence on diet were included. Two independent reviewers screened the studies, and data extraction and quality assessment were done using standardized methods. Of 945 identified studies, 25 met the inclusion criteria. The key themes included (1) exposure to unhealthy food advertisements, (2) peer influence promoting energy-dense, nutrient-poor foods, (3) distorted body image perceptions leading to unhealthy eating, and (4) reduced mealtime quality due to social media distractions. Stronger associations were observed for marketing exposure and peer influence on food choices. The review highlights social media’s negative effects on children’s diets, emphasizing the need for interventions, stricter food marketing regulations, and educational programs to enhance media literacy. Future research should explore the long-term impacts and protective factors to guide policies for creating healthier digital environments for children. Full article

Background/Objectives: Food neophobia (FN) in childhood is characterized by resistance to new foods, potentially impairing health and diet quality and impacting physical and mental development. Adequate nutrition in early childhood is crucial to preventing future problems. FN demands special attention, especially in cases of gluten-related disorders (GRD), due to the risks associated with restrictive diets and food allergies. The objective of this study was to investigate and classify the prevalence of FN among Brazilian children aged 4 to 11 years with GRD. Methods: For this cross-sectional study, a questionnaire validated in Portuguese, with 25 items, assessed FN in three domains: general FN, FN of fruits, and FN of vegetables. Data were collected via Google Forms. Results: Of 209 children with GRD, the majority were female, 83.7% were diagnosed with celiac conditions, 81.3% followed a diet, and 43.1% had moderate total food neophobia. Brazilian children with GRD have a moderate prevalence of food neophobia. General and vegetable neophobia predominate, while fruit FN is lower. Girls exhibit greater neophobia towards vegetables. Conclusions: Neophobia does not vary with age, suggesting the persistence of the behavior and potential nutritional challenges in adult life. Differentiated attention to this population is essential to minimize long-term impacts. Full article

Background/Objectives: One of the main culprits of the obesity epidemic is the obesogenic food environment, which promotes the consumption of ultra-processed foods (UPFs) that are highly palatable, have low nutritional quality and a high caloric impact and are economical and ready to use. This monocentric retrospective study explored the association between UPFs, obesity and adiposity measurements among adults living with obesity in Southern Italy. Methods: According to their Body Mass Index (BMI) values, 175 participants (63M) were recruited and stratified into three groups. To evaluate their usual eating habits, PREDIMED and the Nova Food Frequency Questionnaire (NFFQ) were administered to investigate Mediterranean diet (MD) adherence and UPF consumption. Anthropometric and biochemical measurements, body composition, as well as visceral obesity indices were collected. Results: The data showed an increase in UPF consumption as the BMI increased, with a concomitant decrease in MD adherence. Soft drinks were the most representative UPF in all groups, and we observed a significant increase in such consumption as the BMI increased. In addition, in the highest tertile of UPF consumption, there was an increase in adiposity indices. Conclusions: Our data suggest that high UPF consumption correlates with an increased BMI and visceral adiposity, and it is a predictive risk factor for the occurrence of non-communicable diseases. Full article

Pulsed electric field (PEF) is one of the emerging technologies that has been applied in many aspects of the food industry. This study examined the impacts of a PEF on the cooking quality, physicochemical properties, nutritional factors, and in vitro protein and starch digestion of two varieties of rice, including Jasmine 105 (white non-glutinous rice) and San Pa Tong 1 (white glutinous rice). Response surface methodology (RSM) and a three-level, three-factor Box–Behnken design were employed to assess the effects of the pulse number, electric field strength, and frequency on cooking time. The findings demonstrated that the number of pulses was a crucial factor influencing cooking time. Under optimal conditions (3347–4345 pulses, electric field strengths of 6–8 kV/cm, and frequencies ranging from 6 to 15 Hz), the rice cooking time was significantly reduced by 40–50% (p < 0.05) when compared to a conventional method. Moreover, PEF-treated rice showed a significant enhancement in in vitro protein and starch digestibility (p < 0.05), as well as retained a higher content of rapidly digestible starch. These results suggested that PEF treatment is a promising green technology for producing a novel quick-cooking rice with an improved eating quality. Full article

A fish processed with red vinasse is a type of Fujian cuisine with regional characteristics. In order to monitor the effect of red vinasse on storage quality and shelf life of blue round scad (Decapterus maruadsi) during storage, the changes in fat content, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), composition of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), pH value, texture, and sensory quality were studied at different storage temperatures (4 °C, 25 °C, and 37 °C). By analyzing the correlation between changes in sensory qualities and physical and chemical indexes, a first-order kinetic model and the Arrhenius equation were used to build a shelf-life prediction model for blue round scad during storage. The results showed that processing with red vinasse can significantly reduce the malondialdehyde (MDA) production and the decrease in PUFAs, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) (p < 0.05) during storage. Based on partial least squares regression (PLSR), the storage temperature and time have a significant impact on the PUFA composition in blue round scad, which changed less when the samples were stored at 4 °C and 25 °C, and they had better nutritional composition of fatty acids at lower temperatures. Among the PUFAs, DHA (C22:6n-3) and EPA (C20:5n-3) had higher relative contents and significantly decreased during storage (p < 0.05). Additionally, the processing with red vinasse can slow down the increase in total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB-N) value and pH of blue round scad, maintain the appropriate hardness, elasticity, cohesion and chewability, and improve the overall sensory quality of the fish. In addition, according to the results of model prediction based on TBARS value, the storage shelf life of blue round scad with red vinasse added was 55 d, 2.7 d and 28 h at 4 °C, 25 °C and 37 °C, respectively. The accuracy of the forecast model was high, and the relative errors of the measured values and predicted values were less than 10%. Thus, it not only provided a theoretical basis for the processing and application of red vinasse to Chinese traditional food, but also provided innovative ideas for the safe storage and high-value utilization of blue round scad. Full article

This paper examines the essential role of urban green spaces in fostering healthy living from a landscape architecture perspective. Health goes beyond the mere absence of disease to include physical, mental, and social wellbeing, all of which are greatly enhanced by accessible green spaces. By synthesising existing literature, this paper shows that urban green spaces have strong positive associations with health outcomes, especially in urban settings where environmental stressors are pronounced. The paper stresses the importance of designing attractive and accessible green spaces that encourage physical activity, mental wellbeing, and social interaction, addressing public health issues such as obesity and mental health disorders. In addition to physical and mental health benefits, the paper explores the potential of local food production through edible green infrastructure, such as community gardens, which can significantly improve diet and nutrition. Additionally, the study discusses disparities in the access to quality green spaces, particularly between the Global North and South, and advocates for equitable design strategies that serve diverse populations. Integrating evidence-based approaches into landscape architecture, the paper argues for the establishment of urban green spaces as essential elements of public health infrastructure. Finally, the paper calls for future research and policy efforts to maximise the health benefits of urban green spaces and improve the quality of life in urban environments. Full article

Background: Honey is one of the most adulterated foods worldwide, and several analytical methods have been developed over the last decade to detect syrup additions to honey. These include approaches based on stable isotopes and the specific detection of individual marker compounds or foreign enzymes. Proton nuclear magnetic resonance (¹H-NMR) spectroscopy is applied as a rapid and comprehensive screening method, which also enables the detection of quality parameters and the analysis of the geographical and botanical origin. However, especially for the detection of foreign sugars, ¹H-NMR has insufficient sensitivity. Methods: Since untargeted liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC-MS) is more sensitive, we used this approach for the detection of positive and negative ions in combination with a recently developed data processing workflow for routine laboratories based on bucketing and random forest for the detection of rice, beet and high-fructose corn syrup in honey. Results: We show that the distinction between pure and adulterated honey is possible for all three syrups, with classification accuracies ranging from 98 to 100%, while the accuracy of the syrup content estimation depends on the respective syrup. For rice and beet syrup, the deviations from the true proportion were in the single-digit percentage range, while for high-fructose corn syrup they were much higher, in some cases exceeding 20%. Conclusions: The approach presented here is very promising for the robust and sensitive detection of syrup in honey applied in routine laboratories. Full article

The agri-food sector is undergoing a comprehensive transformation as it transitions towards net zero. To achieve this, fundamental changes and innovations are required, including changes in how food is produced and delivered to customers, new technologies, data and physical infrastructures, and algorithmic advancements. In this paper, we explore the opportunities and challenges of deploying AI-based data infrastructures for sustainability in the agri-food sector by focusing on two case studies: soft-fruit production and brewery operations. We investigate the potential benefits of incorporating Internet of Things (IoT) sensors and AI technologies for improving the use of resources, reducing carbon footprints, and enhancing decision-making. We identify user engagement with new technologies as a key challenge, together with issues in data quality arising from environmental volatility, difficulties in generalising models, including those designed for carbon calculators, and socio-technical barriers to adoption. We highlight and advocate for user engagement, more granular availability of sensor, production, and emissions data, and more transparent carbon footprint calculations. Our proposed future directions include semantic data integration to enhance interoperability, the generation of synthetic data to overcome the lack of real-world farm data, and multi-objective optimisation systems to model the competing interests between yield and sustainability goals. In general, we argue that AI is not a silver bullet for net zero challenges in the agri-food industry, but at the same time, AI solutions, when appropriately designed and deployed, can be a useful tool when operating in synergy with other approaches. Full article

The circular economy with compost fertilization is included in the sustainable orchard paradigm, creating a holistic production ecosystem. Modern orchards are mostly intensive and super-intensive, requiring different rootstocks. This research presents the response to compost fertilization of two specific pear rootstocks (quince ‘CTS 212’ and ‘Farold^® 40’) and own-rooted trees, analyzing six resistant cultivars in a circular production system. The dynamic of nitrogen and carbon concentration in leaves, soil respiration coefficient, the evolution of the fruit maturity stage in the field, and some biometric parameters such as trunk cross-section area, the annual vegetative growth, and fruiting shoots annual number were analyzed. The results highlighted that compost fertilization led to increased leaf nitrogen concentration over the first two years while carbon concentration remained relatively stable. Rootstock and compost fertilization influenced the fruit maturity dynamic, but a single pattern was not identified. Quince, as pear rootstock, expressed a higher sensitivity to compost application; the biometric parameters, such as trunk cross-section area, and almost all cultivars’ annual vegetative growth were higher than the controls’. Positive output can lead to future model upscaling in farms and households. Full article

Background: Healthy nutrition is necessary for a good quality of life and reduction in the risk of developing diseases. Research indicates that students do not usually have healthy eating habits. Knowledge about nutrition, dietary guidelines, food groups and the nutrients they contain, the selection and adequate preparation of food, and the health consequences of unhealthy nutrition can influence the eating habits of students. Until recently, no research had been conducted on university-level students’ nutrition knowledge in Serbia. The aim of this study was to determine the nutrition knowledge of students from the University of Novi Sad (Vojvodina, Serbia) in relation to gender, year of study, academic field of study, and nutritional status. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in the period from December 2021 to July 2022, on 898 students (72.9% female and 27.1% male, with an average age of 22.87 ± 3.092). An online survey questionnaire was used as the research instrument. An assessment of nutrition knowledge was performed using the General Nutrition Knowledge Questionnaire (GNKQ) for the following domains: dietary recommendations; food groups and the nutrients they contain; healthy food choices; and diet, disease and weight associations. Results: Significant differences in students’ assessed knowledge levels were determined across various domains of healthy nutrition. The highest level of nutrition knowledge was in healthy food choices, and the lowest was in understanding food groups and nutrient composition. The total determined knowledge about healthy nutrition correlated most with self-assessed knowledge of food groups, and least with knowledge of dietary recommendations. Female gender and higher years of study were associated with higher nutrition knowledge. Students from the Faculty of Medicine had the highest nutrition knowledge, followed by students from the Faculty of Technology and the Faculty of Science, compared to students from other faculties. Conclusions: Our findings highlight the need for targeted interventions aimed at improving students’ understanding of specific nutritional concepts, ultimately empowering them to make informed dietary decisions for lifelong health and wellbeing. Full article

The decrease in bread consumption in the daily diet observed in recent years results from the growing awareness of consumers and the desire to promote a healthy lifestyle. The valorization of sugar by-products allows for the design of new food products intended for health-conscious consumers. The aim of this study was to assess the possibility of using sugar beet pulp (SBP), without and with molasses, in bakery recipes as part of a strategy promoting increased consumption of foods rich in bioactive compounds. The basic composition of SBP was examined, and wheat flour mixtures with their addition at 0, 1, 5, and 10% were prepared. The rheological properties of the dough with flour blend samples were determined using Mixolab^®. The technological quality of the bread, its nutritional value, and its antioxidant potential were assessed. The research results indicate that fortifying bread up to 5% SBP allows for obtaining products of acceptable sensory and technological quality. The bread with 5% molasses SBP (mSBP) compared to the sample with SBP without molasses (umSBP) was characterized by greater bread volume and crumb moisture, a darker color of the crumb, a more appropriate color of the crust (golden-brown), more favorable, thin-walled pores, and a fluffier crumb. Moreover, the samples enriched with mSBP contained more total polyphenols (by approx. 40%) and showed higher antioxidant activity (by approx. 50%) than the bread with umSBP. Additionally, for bread samples with 5% or more SBP added, a nutritional claim could be made that they are a “source of fiber” (i.e., at least 3 g per 100 g of product). Full article

In recent decades, the integrity and security of the ecosystem in the Sanjiang Plain have faced severe challenges due to land reclamation. Understanding the impact of paddy field expansion on regional ecosystem services (ESs), as well as revealing the trade-offs and synergies (TOS) between these services to achieve optimal resource allocation, has become an urgent issue to address. This study employs the InVEST model to map the spatial and temporal dynamics of five key ESs, while the Optimal Parameter Geodetector (OPGD) identifies primary drivers of these changes. Correlation analysis and Geographically Weighted Regression (GWR) reveal intricate TOS among ESs at multiple scales. Additionally, the Partial Least Squares-Structural Equation Model (PLS-SEM) elucidates the direct impacts of paddy field expansion on ESs. The main findings include the following: (1) The paddy field area in the Sanjiang Plain increased from 5775 km² to 18,773.41 km² from 1990 to 2020, an increase of 12,998.41 km² in 40 years. And the area of other land use types has generally decreased. (2) Overall, ESs showed a recovery trend, with carbon storage (CS) and habitat quality (HQ) initially decreasing but later improving, and consistent increases were observed in soil conservation, water yield (WY), and food production (FP). Paddy fields, drylands, forests, and wetlands were the main ES providers, with soil type, topography, and NDVI emerging as the main influencing factors. (3) Distinct correlations among ESs, where CS shows synergies with HQ and SC, while trade-offs are noted between CS and both WY and FP. These TOS demonstrate significant spatial heterogeneity and scale effects across subregions. (4) Paddy field expansion enhances regional SC, WY, and FP, but negatively affects CS and HQ. These insights offer a scientific basis for harmonizing agricultural development with ecological conservation, enriching our understanding of ES interrelationships, and guiding sustainable ecosystem management and policymaking. Full article

Olive oil is appreciated worldwide for its unique nutritional and organoleptic properties. It is rich in unsaturated fatty acids and antioxidants, which are well-known for their health benefits. The qualitative characteristics of olive oil can be adversely affected by various biotic and abiotic factors. Particularly, microbial pathogens, such as mold fungi, can cause the deterioration of the oil and, thus, be a serious risk to consumer health. In this study, the effectiveness of DNA-based methods, i.e., endpoint PCR, Real-Time PCR (RT-PCR), and loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP), all based on the ITS2-28S region, were used to evaluate the fungal contamination of samples of extra virgin olive oil. All the DNA techniques were able to detect, albeit at different levels, fungal infections affecting some of the basic quality parameters of the olive oils analyzed. However, compared to endpoint PCR and/or RT-PCR, the LAMP assay greatly simplified and accelerated the identification of pathogenic mold in the oil samples. This may encourage the olive oil industry to adopt this method in order to offer the consumer an oil with specific health parameters and therefore guarantee the safety and quality of this precious food product. Full article