Monitoring and Diagnosis of Invasive Fungal Infections

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Guest Editor
Unidad de Micologìa, Programa de microbiología y micología, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
Interests: antifungal resistance; taxonomy; phylogeny
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Departamento de Microbiología-Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City 04510, Mexico
Interests: molecular epidemiology; molecular diagnostic; molecular markers; aspergillosis; coccidioidomicosis; dermatophytosis
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Unidad de Investigación Biomédica, Hospital Regional de Alta Especialidad de Ixtapaluca, Carretera Federal México-Puebla Km. 34.5, Pueblo de Zoquiapan, Ixtapaluca 56530, Mexico
Interests: molecular diagnosis; epidemiology; antifungal agents
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The incidence of invasive fungal infections has risen in recent decades, especially in immunocompromised patients. The monitoring and early and accurate diagnosis of these infections are crucial for the proper management of these diseases. The above is relevant for several reasons: the availability of precise and timely diagnoses could reduce the use of empirical antifungal therapy, thereby reducing antifungal selection pressure and the emergence of antifungal resistance. Failure to diagnose and treat these infections in a timely manner can have serious and potentially fatal consequences. Unfortunately, the prompt diagnosis of these infections can often be exceedingly challenging. Classical microbiologic and histopathologic approaches generally are neither sensitive nor specific. Moreover, invasive fungal infections are frequently not detected until the advanced stages of the disease. Given the potential impact of early diagnosis on treatment efficacy and mortality prevention, there has been a significant focus on the development of non-culture methods for diagnosing fungal infections.

We invite our colleagues in the scientific community to submit both original and review articles related to novel approaches to the identification of fungi involved in IFI or focused on the host immune responses to fungal antigens, the detection of specific macromolecular antigens utilizing immunological reagents, the amplification and detection of fungal nucleic acid sequences, and the quantification of fungal metabolite products.

Dr. Eduardo Alvarez Duarte
Dr. Esperanza Duarte-Escalante
Dr. María Guadalupe Frías-De-León
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • invasive fungal infections
  • monitoring
  • diagnosis
  • biomarkers
  • fungal culture
  • monitoring strategies
  • clinical management

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

11 pages, 1785 KiB  
Article
The Comprehensive Management of Patients with Rhino-Orbito-Cerebral Mucormycosis; A Perspective from Antifungal Treatment to Prosthetic Rehabilitation: A Descriptive Cohort Study
by Angélica Julián Castrejón, Rosa Marene Hernández Martínez, Diana Rivero Méndez, Israel Nayensei Gil Velázquez, Juan Heriberto Rodríguez Piña, Juan Manuel Salgado Camacho, Nicolás Teyes Calva, Sayuri I. Espíndola Chavarría, Patricia A. Meza-Meneses and Carlos Alberto Castro-Fuentes
Trop. Med. Infect. Dis. 2024, 9(7), 158; https://doi.org/10.3390/tropicalmed9070158 - 12 Jul 2024
Viewed by 778
Abstract
Surgical intervention is a key element in the management of patients diagnosed with mucormycosis. A retrospective cohort study was carried out, in which patients with a proven diagnosis of mucormycosis were evaluated over a period of 10 years, according to the MSGERC criteria. [...] Read more.
Surgical intervention is a key element in the management of patients diagnosed with mucormycosis. A retrospective cohort study was carried out, in which patients with a proven diagnosis of mucormycosis were evaluated over a period of 10 years, according to the MSGERC criteria. A descriptive analysis of the clinical characteristics, comorbidities, imaging, and microbiology studies, as well as medical and surgical treatment and the type of prosthesis was carried out. A total of 22 cases were identified, of which 54.5% (n = 12) of the population were men. Furthermore, 77.2% (n = 17) of the population had diabetes mellitus. The main antifungal treatment implemented was liposomal amphotericin B (77.2%, n = 17). The most affected structures in our patients were the paranasal sinuses (n = 18; 81%), followed by the maxilla and orbit (n = 15; 68%), nose (n = 12; 54%), central nervous system (n = 11; 50%), and skin and soft tissues (n = 2; <1%). Of the total population, 59.09% (n = 13) of patients underwent maxillofacial surgery, of which 61.53% (n = 8) required some type of prosthetic rehabilitation. Orbital exenteration and maxillectomy were the most frequent surgeries, accounting for 69.23% (n = 9), while skull base drainage was performed in four patients (30.76%). Of the total number of patients (n = 22), eight died (36.36%). Appropriate surgical management according to the affected structures, considering not only increasing the patient’s survival, but also considering the aesthetic and functional consequences, will require subsequent rehabilitation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Monitoring and Diagnosis of Invasive Fungal Infections)
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11 pages, 302 KiB  
Article
Factors Associated with Candidiasis in Pemphigus Vulgaris Patients: Results from a Retrospective Study in Two Second-Care Level Hospitals in Mexico
by Andrés Tirado-Sánchez, Alexandro Bonifaz and María Guadalupe Frías De León
Trop. Med. Infect. Dis. 2023, 8(12), 521; https://doi.org/10.3390/tropicalmed8120521 - 15 Dec 2023
Viewed by 1834
Abstract
Background: Infections are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with pemphigus vulgaris (PV). One of the most common infections in these patients is candidiasis. This is probably due to the use of systemic immunosuppressants, including oral and intravenous corticosteroids, mainly [...] Read more.
Background: Infections are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with pemphigus vulgaris (PV). One of the most common infections in these patients is candidiasis. This is probably due to the use of systemic immunosuppressants, including oral and intravenous corticosteroids, mainly in megadoses (pulse therapy), although it is unknown if there are other associated factors, in addition to immunosuppressive treatment. We determine the factors associated with candidiasis in PV patients in two second-care level hospitals in Mexico. Methods: We reviewed 100 cases with PV. Cases were randomly selected from the databases of two second-care level hospitals between January 2010 and December 2019 (10 years). The primary endpoint was the incidence of candidiasis in patients with PV. Results: One hundred patients with PV were enrolled in this retrospective study. Candidiasis was observed in 79 patients (79%). A maximum corticosteroid dose of 55 mg/day during the last year (p = 0.001) and a higher neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio were associated with candidiasis in patients with PV (p = 0.001). Conclusion: Risk factors favoring candidiasis in patients with PV are not only related to the use of corticosteroids, but also to demographic factors, the activity of the disease, and the systemic inflammation associated with autoimmunity. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Monitoring and Diagnosis of Invasive Fungal Infections)

Planned Papers

The below list represents only planned manuscripts. Some of these manuscripts have not been received by the Editorial Office yet. Papers submitted to MDPI journals are subject to peer-review.

Potential Authors:

1. Eduardo García Salazar,

Tentative Title: The role of "omics" in the diagnosis of invasive fungal infections

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