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Children
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Kidney Disease in Children: From Bedside to Bench and Back
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Kidney Disease in Children: From Bedside to Bench and Back

A special issue of Children (ISSN 2227-9067). This special issue belongs to the section "Pediatric Nephrology & Urology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 August 2024) | Viewed by 2982

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Andreea Liana Rǎchişan

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Mother and Child, Discipline of Pediatrics II, Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
Interests: kidney transplantation; immunological matching; delayed graft survival
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Ramona Florina Stroescu

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Departments of Pediatrics, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, 2 Eftimie Murgu, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
Interests: pediatric ultrasound; pediatrric nephrology
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

This Special Issue, entitled “Kidney Disease in Children: From Bedside to Bench and Back”, aims to contain valuable articles regarding all aspects of pediatric nephrology, from fundamental research to clinical application. The readers will have the opportunity to become acquainted with the spectrum of all major aspects of pediatric nephrology, from neonatal to adolescent perspectives, from rare genetic disorders to well-known diseases, and from transient acute kidney injury to irreversible end-stage kidney disease. The content should help to show both scientists and clinicians that there is only one way to form a practical strategy: we must start with in-depth analysis of the changeable clinical picture, then bridge clinical to molecular data before coming back to the patient with molecular solutions to clinical challenges. No matter how far we reach, the patient must remain in focus, and will always give us the final answer. Therefore, let these articles give us courage to come back to the bedside and to use the bench in everyday practice for the good of all patients.

Dr. Andreea Liana Rǎchişan
Dr. Ramona Stroescu
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Children is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • renal disease
  • rare renal disease
  • nephrotic syndrome
  • acute kidney injury
  • chronic kidney disease
  • hemodialysis
  • a-HUS
  • kidney transplantation

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Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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10 pages, 461 KiB  
Article
Childhood Hypertension: A Retrospective Analysis of Causes, Treatments, and Complications
by Mohamed S. Al Riyami, Aisha Al Shuaibi, Suad Al Jardani, Asma Elfar, Anisa Al Maskari, Badria Al Ghaithi, Suliman Al Saidi and Naifain Al Kalbani
Children 2024, 11(10), 1234; https://doi.org/10.3390/children11101234 (registering DOI) - 14 Oct 2024
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Abstract
Background: Hypertension is prevalent in the pediatric population, with estimated rates between 2% and 5%, and its incidence is rising globally. This study offers a single-center analysis of hypertension in children. Methods: a retrospective chart review was conducted involving children aged 1 month [...] Read more.
Background: Hypertension is prevalent in the pediatric population, with estimated rates between 2% and 5%, and its incidence is rising globally. This study offers a single-center analysis of hypertension in children. Methods: a retrospective chart review was conducted involving children aged 1 month to 13 years diagnosed with hypertension. Results: The study included a total of 129 children. Secondary hypertension was identified in 103 patients (79.8%), while primary hypertension was noted in 26 patients (20.2%). Primary hypertension was more common among pre-teen children (50.0%), whereas secondary hypertension predominantly affected those aged 1 to 5 years. Renal parenchymal disease emerged as the most frequent etiology of secondary hypertension, followed by endocrine disorders and vascular issues. No significant correlation was found between hypertension and obesity. The primary complications associated with hypertension in these children were cardiovascular, followed by neurological issues. A small proportion (14.7%) managed their hypertension solely through lifestyle modifications, while the majority required additional antihypertensive medications. At the final follow-up, 50% of the children demonstrated improved blood pressure readings. Conclusion: The findings indicate a higher prevalence of secondary hypertension compared to primary hypertension among the studied population. This study underscores the necessity for heightened awareness among pediatricians regarding the early identification and management of hypertension. Larger population-based studies are warranted to further investigate the prevalence, causes, and outcomes of hypertension in this region. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Kidney Disease in Children: From Bedside to Bench and Back)
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10 pages, 584 KiB  
Article
Lactoferrin in Pediatric Chronic Kidney Disease and Its Relationship with Cardiovascular Risk
by Chun-Yi Ho, Pei-Chen Lu, Wei-Ling Chen, Wei-Ting Liao, Chien-Ning Hsu and You-Lin Tain
Children 2024, 11(9), 1124; https://doi.org/10.3390/children11091124 - 13 Sep 2024
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Abstract
Background: Pediatric CKD is associated with a high risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Early detection of subclinical CVD in childhood CKD can be achieved through various cardiovascular (CV) assessments, including carotid intima–media thickness (cIMT), ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM), and arterial stiffness indices. [...] Read more.
Background: Pediatric CKD is associated with a high risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Early detection of subclinical CVD in childhood CKD can be achieved through various cardiovascular (CV) assessments, including carotid intima–media thickness (cIMT), ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM), and arterial stiffness indices. Lactoferrin (LF), a key functional glycoprotein found in breast milk, has been linked to several diseases and has potential as a biomarker. Methods: In our study of 102 children with CKD stages G1–G4, we explored the relationship between LF and CV risk markers. Results: We found that LF concentration was not related to the severity or underlying causes of childhood CKD, but was positively correlated with overweight/obesity. Lower LF levels were correlated with increased cIMT and elevated arterial stiffness indices. Notably, abnormalities in ABPM profiles were observed in up to 60% of the children with CKD, with low LF levels linked to nighttime hypertension, nocturnal non-dipping, and ABPM abnormalities. Conclusions: In conclusion, LF shows promise as a biomarker for detecting subclinical CVD in children with CKD. Its potential utility in early detection could be instrumental in guiding timely interventions and improving long-term CV outcomes, although further research is needed to clarify the underlying mechanisms. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Kidney Disease in Children: From Bedside to Bench and Back)
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10 pages, 973 KiB  
Article
Nadir Creatinine in Congenital Anomalies of the Kidney and Urinary Tract (CAKUT): A Single-Center Experience
by Marius-Cosmin Colceriu, Paul Luchian Aldea, Bogdan Bulată, Dan Delean, Alexandra Sevastre-Berghian, Simona Clichici, Andreea-Liana Boț (Răchişan) and Teodora Mocan
Children 2024, 11(8), 928; https://doi.org/10.3390/children11080928 - 31 Jul 2024
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Abstract
Background/Objectives: Congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT) are the main cause of chronic kidney disease (CKD) requiring renal replacement therapy (RRT) in children, being the leading cause (50–70%) of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) in children and young adults. Our study [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: Congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT) are the main cause of chronic kidney disease (CKD) requiring renal replacement therapy (RRT) in children, being the leading cause (50–70%) of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) in children and young adults. Our study aimed to assess the natural evolution of various antenatally diagnosed renal malformations and to identify potential prognostic factors to guide the therapeutic management of patients with CAKUT. Methods: We conducted a retrospective study on 205 children with CAKUT. For each patient, analyzing their medical records, we established the nadir value of serum creatinine, defined as the lowest creatinine level during the first year of life. We assessed the value of nadir creatinine as a prognostic marker in patients with CAKUT, and using an ROC curve, we also determined a threshold value of nadir creatinine that predicted progression to ESRD. Results: The male-to-female ratio was 2.8 to 1. The mean gestational age at detection was 29.85 weeks (±6.71). A total of 36 patients (17.6%) had impaired renal function, of which 8 (3.9% of the total) progressed to ESRD. The mean nadir creatinine in patients with ESRD was 1.39 mg/dL. A nadir creatinine cut-off of 0.98 mg/dL had high sensitivity and specificity in identifying patients with progression to ESRD, with an AUC of 0.95 and a 95% confidence interval between 0.86 and 1.05 mg/dL. Conclusions: Our results support the value of nadir creatinine in predicting progression to ESRD, consistent with previously published data. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Kidney Disease in Children: From Bedside to Bench and Back)
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Review

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16 pages, 1013 KiB  
Review
Acute Kidney Injury in Children: A Focus for the General Pediatrician
by Giulio Rivetti, Pietro Gizzone, Delfina Petrone, Anna Di Sessa, Emanuele Miraglia del Giudice, Stefano Guarino and Pierluigi Marzuillo
Children 2024, 11(8), 1004; https://doi.org/10.3390/children11081004 - 16 Aug 2024
Viewed by 1299
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) presents significant challenges in pediatric care, often remaining underrecognized. This paper provides an overview of pediatric AKI, highlighting its epidemiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis, predisposing conditions, and treatment. AKI in children stems from diverse causes, including renal tubular damage, vasoconstriction, and [...] Read more.
Acute kidney injury (AKI) presents significant challenges in pediatric care, often remaining underrecognized. This paper provides an overview of pediatric AKI, highlighting its epidemiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis, predisposing conditions, and treatment. AKI in children stems from diverse causes, including renal tubular damage, vasoconstriction, and inflammation. Diagnosis relies on traditional markers such as serum creatinine and urine output, alongside emerging biomarkers such as Cystatin C, NGAL, KIM-1, IL-18, TIMP-2 and IGFBP7, urinary calprotectin, URBP4, L-FABP, and clusterin. Various pediatric conditions predispose to AKI, including type 1 diabetes, pneumonia, bronchiolitis, appendicitis, gastroenteritis, COVID-19, multisystem inflammatory syndrome, sickle cell disease, and malignancies. Treatment entails supportive care with fluid management and, in severe cases, renal replacement therapy. Timely recognition and management are essential to mitigating adverse outcomes. Enhanced awareness and integration of novel biomarkers could improve pediatric AKI care, warranting further research for better diagnosis and management. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Kidney Disease in Children: From Bedside to Bench and Back)
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