Effects of Physical Activity on Quality of Life of Pregnant Women with Overweight or Obesity: A Systematic Review
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Literature Search and Selection
2.2. Characteristics of the Included Studies
2.3. Assessment of Methodological Quality
2.4. Characteristics of the Sample
2.5. Characteristics of the Interventions
2.6. Measures of Study Results
2.7. Narrative Synthesis of the Results of the Selected Studies
3. Methods
3.1. Registration
3.2. Review Question
3.3. Research Strategy
3.4. Eligibility Criteria
3.5. Data Collection
3.6. Screening and Selection of Studies
3.7. Certainty of the Evidence and Risk of Bias
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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First Author (Year), Main Objective Country | Sample/Population | Intervention/Comparison | Measures |
---|---|---|---|
Altazan et al., 2019 [23] Objectives of the study: To evaluate the effect of a behavioral intervention targeting excessive gestational weight gain on mood and quality of life. | n = 54 nExperimental Group (EG)1 = 18 nEG2 = 19 nControl Group (CG) = 17 Mean age of participants = 29.2 years Mean age EG1 = 29.2 years Mean age EG2 = 29.0 years Mean age CG = 29.5 years Mean gestational week at the beginning of the intervention: EG = 10.2 weeks CG = 9.6 weeks | EG: behavioral counselling intervention aimed at weight management, in a face-to-face clinical setting (EG1) or remotely via a smartphone app (EG2). The intervention consisted of 18 classes with diet and behavior modification strategies, including PA practice weekly between 13 and 24 weeks of gestation and every two weeks from 25 weeks of gestation until delivery. CG: usual care | Body weight was measured in 2 time points using a calibrated scale:
|
Dodd et al., 2016 [24] Objectives of the study: To evaluate the effect of dietary and lifestyle counseling to overweight or obese women during pregnancy on maternal quality of life, anxiety, risk of depression, and satisfaction with care | n = 1933 nGE = 976 nGC = 957 Mean age of participants = 29.5 years Mean age EG = 29.4 years Mean age GC = 29.6 years Mean gestational week at baseline = 14.3 weeks | EG: dietary and lifestyle counselling, which included a combination of dietary, physical activity (PA) and behavioral strategies, provided by a dietitian and research assistants. GC: standard care | The risk of depression was assessed using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale, anxiety with the Spielberger State-Trait Inventory Self-Evaluation Questionnaire and QoL through the MOS 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey, all completed by the participants at 4 time points: at the beginning of the trial, at 28 and 36 weeks of gestation, and at 4 months postpartum. Satisfaction with pregnancy and childbirth experiences was assessed at 4 months postpartum using a 10-point Likert scale. |
Garnæs et al., 2019 [25] Objectives of the study: To evaluate the effects of supervised exercise during pregnancy on the psychological well-being of women with a pre-pregnancy BMI ≥ 28 kg/m2 in late pregnancy and postpartum. | n = 91 nEG = 46 nCG = 45 Mean age of participants = 31.2 years Mean age GE = 31.3 years Mean age CG = 31.4 years | EG: 3 sessions of structured PA (exercise) per week, supervised by a physiotherapist, from study inclusion to delivery: 35 min of walking on a treadmill at ~80% of maximal aerobic capacity (12–15 on the Borg scale); 25 min of muscle endurance training, including pelvic floor muscle training. 50 min sessions of autonomous exercise at home at least once a week and daily exercises for the pelvic floor muscles. Adherence to the exercise program was recorded in a training diary. GC: maternity and postpartum care according to Norwegian Standard Maternity Care for pregnant women | Psychological well-being was assessed using the Psychological General Well-Being Index questionnaire and postpartum depression through the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale, completed by participants at baseline, late pregnancy, and 3 months postpartum. The participants also reported, at the beginning of the study and at the end of pregnancy, their self-perception of their general health status, a question that was removed from the MOS 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey. |
Killeen et al., 2022 [26] Objectives of the study: To determine the severity and change in Edmonton Obesity Staging System (EOSS) scores in women who are overweight or obese but have healthy pregnancies; to explore the potential clinical utility of the EOSS scale in identifying risk during pregnancy. | n = 348 nEG = 171 nCG = 177 Mean age of participants = 32.4 years | EG: Healthy lifestyle package—standard antenatal care and a combined healthy diet and PA intervention with a smartphone app as a source of information and motivation. The intervention focused on behavioral lifestyle with the aim of preventing GDM and involved a single educational session at the beginning of the study, which consisted of:
| Blood samples were collected for laboratory analysis and maternal well-being was assessed using the World Health Organization Well-Being Index, both at baseline (14–16 weeks) and study follow-up (28 weeks). |
Poston et al., 2013 [27] Objectives of the study: To determine whether a complex counseling intervention leads to earlier changes in diet and PA behaviors in pregnant women with obesity. | n= 183 nEG = 94 nCG = 89 Mean age of participants = 30.6 years Mean age EG = 30.7 years Mean age CG = 30.4 years Mean gestational week at baseline = 19 weeks | EG: behavioral counselling, through a one-on-one consultation with a health trainer and 8 weekly group sessions starting at approximately 19 weeks’ gestation, using a participant manual that reflects the logic and content of the sessions, a DVD with exercises specially designed for pregnancy, and the setting of diet and PA goals, with the recording of related behaviors in a logbook. The women were encouraged to reduce the consumption of saturated fats and to increase daily PA progressively, maintaining the level achieved after each period and setting gradual step count goals. The recommendations emphasized walking at a moderate intensity level and food substitution, rather than limiting calories intake. CG: Standard antenatal care. | The evaluated were weekly with a logbook and a pedometer and the remaining evaluations were performed at the beginning of the study and at 28 weeks of gestation, diet was evaluated through a 24 h food recall report and a food frequency questionnaire, PA with the Recent Physical Activity Questionnaire and an accelerometer, health status and QoL using the EuroQol questionnaire, and mental health using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale. |
Senevirate et al., 2016 [28] Objectives of the study: To assess whether prenatal exercise in overweight or obese women would improve maternal and perinatal outcomes. | n= 75 nEG = 38 nCG = 37 Mean gestational week at baseline = 20 weeks | GE:structured pre-birth home PA program with moderate-intensity exercise on stationary bikes, from the 20th to the 36th week of pregnancy, supervised by an exercise physiologist:
GC: usual care. | Perinatal and maternal outcomes, including GWG, QoL, aerobic fitness, pregnancy outcomes, and postnatal maternal body composition, were assessed. The exercise sessions were supervised by HR monitors, who also recorded exercise adherence, and QoL was assessed with the WHO QOL-BREF questionnaire at the beginning and end of the intervention period. |
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© 2024 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
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Bernardo, D.; Sousa, D.R.; Ferreira, I.H.; Bobadilla Agouborde, C.; Soto-Rodriguez, F.; Santos, P.C. Effects of Physical Activity on Quality of Life of Pregnant Women with Overweight or Obesity: A Systematic Review. Women 2024, 4, 130-143. https://doi.org/10.3390/women4020010
Bernardo D, Sousa DR, Ferreira IH, Bobadilla Agouborde C, Soto-Rodriguez F, Santos PC. Effects of Physical Activity on Quality of Life of Pregnant Women with Overweight or Obesity: A Systematic Review. Women. 2024; 4(2):130-143. https://doi.org/10.3390/women4020010
Chicago/Turabian StyleBernardo, Diana, Diana Rebelo Sousa, Ivo Henriques Ferreira, Carolina Bobadilla Agouborde, Francisco Soto-Rodriguez, and Paula Clara Santos. 2024. "Effects of Physical Activity on Quality of Life of Pregnant Women with Overweight or Obesity: A Systematic Review" Women 4, no. 2: 130-143. https://doi.org/10.3390/women4020010