Advanced Thermogravimetric Analyses of Stem Wood and Straw Devolatilization: Torrefaction through Combustion
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Materials and Preparation
2.2. Apparatus and Procedure
2.3. Overview of Pertinent Kinetics
3. Results
3.1. Maximum Derivative Weight Comparisons of Linearly Heated Samples
3.2. Comparison of Modulated TGA and OFW Methods
3.3. Modulated and Hi-Res™ Thermogravimetry
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Analysis | Pine [wt.%] | Wheat Straw [wt.%] |
---|---|---|
Ash Content | 0.4 | 8.2 |
Volatile Matter | 84.8 | 73.4 |
Carbon | 50.6 | 45.2 |
Hydrogen | 6.2 | 5.7 |
Nitrogen | 0.2 | 0.8 |
Oxygen (diff.) | 42.6 | 40.1 |
Factor | Levels | ||
---|---|---|---|
Low | Mid | High | |
Pretreatment Temperature [°C] | 220 | 250 | 280 |
Particle Size Ranges [micron] | 125–150 | 400–425 | 600–630 |
Heating Rate [°C/min] | 10 | 30 | 50 |
Gas-phase O2 [vol%] | 0 | - | 21 |
Increase in | Directional Effect |
---|---|
Pretreatment (Torrefaction) Temperature |
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Particle Size Range |
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Heating Rate |
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Wagner, D.R. Advanced Thermogravimetric Analyses of Stem Wood and Straw Devolatilization: Torrefaction through Combustion. Reactions 2024, 5, 350-360. https://doi.org/10.3390/reactions5020018
Wagner DR. Advanced Thermogravimetric Analyses of Stem Wood and Straw Devolatilization: Torrefaction through Combustion. Reactions. 2024; 5(2):350-360. https://doi.org/10.3390/reactions5020018
Chicago/Turabian StyleWagner, David R. 2024. "Advanced Thermogravimetric Analyses of Stem Wood and Straw Devolatilization: Torrefaction through Combustion" Reactions 5, no. 2: 350-360. https://doi.org/10.3390/reactions5020018