Dynamic Visual Acuity, Vestibulo-Ocular Reflex, and Visual Field in National Football League (NFL) Officiating: Physiology and Visualization Engineering for 3D Virtual On-Field Training
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Introduction to Neuro-Ophthalmic and Football Officiating Terminology
3. 3D Environment Virtual Reality Research for Football Officiating
- NFL Play Data: NFL Big Data Bowl 2022 [33];
- NBA Play Data: NBA Player Movements [34];
- Soccer Data: SoccerTrack [35].
- Player location information primarily in the form of x and y coordinates with respect to the field of play. As such, this must be scaled for representation inside our 3D environment;
- Player jersey number;
- Player team;
- Only in the NFL data set additional information such as player speed, acceleration and distance covered was included;
- None of these datasets contained any explicit pose data;
- The soccer dataset had accompanying 2D videos and the NBA and NFL video data can be accessed through official channels if required.
4. Physiology of Neuro-Ophthalmic Principles for 3D Virtual On-Field Training
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Ong, J.; Carrabba, N.V.; Waisberg, E.; Zaman, N.; Memon, H.; Panzo, N.; Lee, V.A.; Sarker, P.; Vogt, A.Z.; Laylani, N.; et al. Dynamic Visual Acuity, Vestibulo-Ocular Reflex, and Visual Field in National Football League (NFL) Officiating: Physiology and Visualization Engineering for 3D Virtual On-Field Training. Vision 2024, 8, 35. https://doi.org/10.3390/vision8020035
Ong J, Carrabba NV, Waisberg E, Zaman N, Memon H, Panzo N, Lee VA, Sarker P, Vogt AZ, Laylani N, et al. Dynamic Visual Acuity, Vestibulo-Ocular Reflex, and Visual Field in National Football League (NFL) Officiating: Physiology and Visualization Engineering for 3D Virtual On-Field Training. Vision. 2024; 8(2):35. https://doi.org/10.3390/vision8020035
Chicago/Turabian StyleOng, Joshua, Nicole V. Carrabba, Ethan Waisberg, Nasif Zaman, Hamza Memon, Nicholas Panzo, Virginia A. Lee, Prithul Sarker, Ashtyn Z. Vogt, Noor Laylani, and et al. 2024. "Dynamic Visual Acuity, Vestibulo-Ocular Reflex, and Visual Field in National Football League (NFL) Officiating: Physiology and Visualization Engineering for 3D Virtual On-Field Training" Vision 8, no. 2: 35. https://doi.org/10.3390/vision8020035