Screening Biogenic Volatile Organic Compounds from Common Portuguese Shrubs Using Headspace–Bar Adsorptive Microextraction (HS-BAµE)
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Chemical Standards, Materials, and Samples
2.2. Experimental Set-Up
2.2.1. Standard Solutions and Real Sample Preparation
2.2.2. Preparation and Conditioning of BAμE Devices
2.2.3. HS-BAμE Optimization and Validation Assays
2.2.4. Application to Shrub Leaves
2.3. Instrumental Set-Up
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. GC-MS Conditions
3.2. Evaluation of the HS-BAμE/GC-MS Methodology
3.2.1. Optimization Assays
3.2.2. Validation Parameters
3.3. Comparison with Reference Methodologies
3.4. Application to Shrub Leaves
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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BVOCs | LOD (μg/L) | LOQ (μg/L) | Linear Range (μg/L) | a | b | r2 | Intra-Day Precision (n = 5; RSD,%) | Inter-Day Precision (n = 3; RSD,%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
α-Pinene | 5.0 | 15.0 | 20.0–100.0 | 0.0090 | 0.0614 | 0.9951 | 6.3–22.8 | 10.4–28.7 |
β-Pinene | 0.0123 | −0.0563 | 0.9912 | 8.2–22.1 | 12.9–26.9 | |||
Limonene | 20.0–120.0 | 0.0199 | 0.0846 | 0.9879 | 13.8–18.5 | 13.4–26.7 | ||
1,8-Cineole | 0.0250 | 0.0557 | 0.9895 | 4.0–11.3 | 13.4–15.8 | |||
Thymol | 15.0 | 49.5 | 50.0–100.0 | 0.0102 | 0.0195 | 0.9872 | 17.5–28.4 | 18.0–26.4 |
Caryophyllene oxide | 0.0347 | 0.1738 | 0.9947 | 10.2–16.5 | 18.8–30.1 |
Shrub Species | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Lavandula stoechas L. | Cistus ladanifer L. | Cistus monspeliensis L. | Thymus villosus L. | Thymus camphoratus | Erica scoparia L. | |
BVOCs | Concentration (µg/g) | |||||
α-Pinene | 29.6 ± 0.2 | 325.1 ± 0.2 | 22.6 ± 0.1 | 69.1 ± 0.1 | 763.9 ± 0.5 | d |
β-Pinene | - | 148.5 ± 0.5 | 27.5 ± 0.2 | - | 259.3 ± 0.5 | - |
Limonene | 23.6 ± 0.5 | d | d | 138.8 ± 0.3 | - | d |
1,8-Cineole | - | d | - | 104.1 ± 0.3 | 4136.9 ± 6.3 | - |
Thymol | - | - | - | - | - | - |
Caryophyllene oxide | - | - | - | - | 411.4 ± 0.3 | - |
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Cerqueira, J.S.R.F.; Nogueira, J.M.F. Screening Biogenic Volatile Organic Compounds from Common Portuguese Shrubs Using Headspace–Bar Adsorptive Microextraction (HS-BAµE). Separations 2024, 11, 264. https://doi.org/10.3390/separations11090264
Cerqueira JSRF, Nogueira JMF. Screening Biogenic Volatile Organic Compounds from Common Portuguese Shrubs Using Headspace–Bar Adsorptive Microextraction (HS-BAµE). Separations. 2024; 11(9):264. https://doi.org/10.3390/separations11090264
Chicago/Turabian StyleCerqueira, Jéssica S. R. F., and José M. F. Nogueira. 2024. "Screening Biogenic Volatile Organic Compounds from Common Portuguese Shrubs Using Headspace–Bar Adsorptive Microextraction (HS-BAµE)" Separations 11, no. 9: 264. https://doi.org/10.3390/separations11090264