Method for the Quantitative Evaluation of Low-Permeability Reservoir Damage in the East China Sea Based on Experimental Evaluation and Modeling Calculation
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Experimental Materials and Instrument
2.2. Dynamic Damage Mechanism of Drilling Fluid
2.3. Experiment for Evaluation of Dynamic Damage Caused by Drilling Fluid
- (1)
- Experimental steps of formation water damage displacement:
- ①
- Pre-treatment of rock sample and evacuation of saturated formation water for 48 h;
- ②
- Measurement of the positive permeability K0 of rock sample with formation water;
- ③
- On the DTSH-III multi-functional damage evaluation instrument, the rock sample is contaminated with drilling fluid for 60 min under the pressure difference of 3.0 MPa, and the liquid output is measured;
- ④
- The formation water forward drive is used to calculate the permeability of the rock sample Kd and the permeability flowback recovery rate of the rock sample Kd/K0.
- (2)
- Gas damage displacement test steps:
- ①
- Rock samples are pretreated, saturated formation water is evacuated for 48 h, and irreducible water saturation is established by nitrogen gas flooding for 1 h under 2 MPa pressure difference;
- ②
- Measurement of the positive permeability K0 of rock sample with nitrogen;
- ③
- On the DTSH-Ⅲ multi-functional damage evaluation instrument, the rock sample is contaminated with drilling fluid for 60 min under the pressure difference of 3.0 MPa, and the liquid output is measured;
- ④
- The permeability Kd of the rock sample and the recovery rate Kd/K0 of the permeability flowback of the rock sample are calculated by nitrogen forward drive.
3. Results
3.1. Dynamic Damage Evaluation of Reservoir under Formation Water Conditions
3.2. Reservoir Dynamic Damage Evaluation under Gas Drive Conditions
4. Physical Model of Drilling Fluid Damage
5. Discussion
5.1. Mathematical Model and Calculation Results of Formation Drilling Fluid Pollution Depth
5.1.1. Mathematical Model of Filtrate Invasion Depth under Formation Conditions
5.1.2. Calculation Results of invasion Depth under Formation Conditions
5.2. Calculation Method of Formation Drilling Fluid Pollution Skin Factor
5.2.1. Calculation of Drilling Fluid Invasion into Skin in Well XH-1
5.2.2. Calculation of Drilling Fluid Invasion Skin in Reservoir
6. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Core Number | Sampling Depth (m) | Diameter (mm) | Length (mm) | Porosity (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|
XH-1-a | 3128.28 | 24.65 | 29.95 | 9.6 |
XH-1-b | 3418.03 | 24.78 | 63.80 | 12.9 |
XH-1-c | 3978.68 | 25.14 | 62.72 | 9.3 |
XH-1-d | 4652.50 | 25.45 | 53.95 | 6.2 |
Damage Rate Rs (%) | Damage Level |
---|---|
≤5 | / |
5~30 | low |
30~50 | Medium to low |
50~70 | Medium to high |
>70 | high |
Core | Permeability before Damage (×10−3 μm2) | Permeability after Damage (×10−3 μm2) | Damage Rate (%) | Damage Level |
---|---|---|---|---|
XH-1-a | 0.0192 | 0.0037 | 80.49 | High |
XH-1-b | 6.0402 | 2.6976 | 55.34 | Medium to high |
XH-1-c | 0.1876 | 0.0464 | 75.2 | High |
XH-1-d | 0.0430 | 0.0025 | 94.22 | High |
Core | Permeability before Damage (×10−3 μm2) | Permeability after Damage (×10−3 μm2) | Damage Rate (%) | Damage Level |
---|---|---|---|---|
XH-1-a | 0.2298 | 0.0959 | 58.25% | Medium to high |
XH-1-b | 54.7865 | 36.5018 | 33.37% | Medium to low |
XH-1-c | 1.7033 | 0.4911 | 71.17% | High |
XH-1-d | 0.6771 | 0.0563 | 91.69% | High |
Core Number | Exposure Time t | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
m | % | % | min | ml/min.m2 | / | m | / | ||
XH-1-a | 0.0762 | 9.6 | 32.8 | 9360 | 91 | 0.00036 | 0.78 | 3.24 | |
XH-1-b | 0.0762 | 12.9 | 34.6 | 6048 | 152 | 0.83 | 1.22 | ||
XH-1-c | 0.0762 | 9.3 | 31.2 | 6912 | 83 | 0.71 | 5.61 | ||
XH-1-d | 0.0762 | 6.2 | 21.6 | 7488 | 35 | 0.47 | 13.41 |
Contamination Time (h) | Mud Cake Thickness (cm) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
0.1 | 0.2 | 0.3 | 0.4 | |
100 | 60.25 | 43.17 | 34.69 | 29.45 |
150 | 74.99 | 54.41 | 44.09 | 37.67 |
200 | 87.35 | 63.89 | 52.04 | 44.64 |
250 | 98.21 | 72.23 | 59.05 | 50.80 |
Contamination Time (h) | Mud Cake Thickness (cm) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
0.1 | 0.2 | 0.3 | 0.4 | |
100 | 4.80 | 4.11 | 3.69 | 3.38 |
150 | 5.27 | 4.59 | 4.16 | 3.84 |
200 | 5.60 | 4.92 | 4.49 | 4.18 |
250 | 5.86 | 5.19 | 4.76 | 4.44 |
Contamination Time (h) | Mud Cake Thickness (cm) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
0.1 | 0.2 | 0.3 | 0.4 | |
100 | 7.16 | 6.14 | 5.50 | 5.04 |
150 | 7.86 | 6.84 | 6.20 | 5.74 |
200 | 8.36 | 7.35 | 6.70 | 6.24 |
250 | 8.75 | 7.74 | 7.10 | 6.63 |
Contamination Time (h) | Mud Cake Thickness (cm) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
0.1 | 0.2 | 0.3 | 0.4 | |
100 | 10.94 | 9.38 | 8.40 | 7.70 |
150 | 12.01 | 10.45 | 9.47 | 8.76 |
200 | 12.77 | 11.22 | 10.24 | 9.53 |
250 | 13.36 | 11.82 | 10.84 | 10.13 |
Contamination Time (h) | Mud Cake Thickness (cm) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
0.1 | 0.2 | 0.3 | 0.4 | |
100 | 17.69 | 15.16 | 13.58 | 12.45 |
150 | 19.42 | 16.90 | 15.32 | 14.17 |
200 | 20.65 | 18.15 | 16.56 | 15.41 |
250 | 21.61 | 19.12 | 17.53 | 16.38 |
Contamination Time (h) | Mud Cake Thickness (cm) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
0.1 | 0.2 | 0.3 | 0.4 | |
100 | 31.32 | 26.84 | 24.05 | 22.05 |
150 | 34.38 | 29.93 | 27.12 | 25.09 |
200 | 36.56 | 32.13 | 29.32 | 27.28 |
250 | 38.26 | 33.85 | 31.04 | 29.00 |
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Zhao, X.; Jiang, Y.; Xu, P.; Yu, J.; Xie, L. Method for the Quantitative Evaluation of Low-Permeability Reservoir Damage in the East China Sea Based on Experimental Evaluation and Modeling Calculation. Processes 2024, 12, 1406. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr12071406
Zhao X, Jiang Y, Xu P, Yu J, Xie L. Method for the Quantitative Evaluation of Low-Permeability Reservoir Damage in the East China Sea Based on Experimental Evaluation and Modeling Calculation. Processes. 2024; 12(7):1406. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr12071406
Chicago/Turabian StyleZhao, Xingbin, Yiming Jiang, Peng Xu, Jun Yu, and Lingzhi Xie. 2024. "Method for the Quantitative Evaluation of Low-Permeability Reservoir Damage in the East China Sea Based on Experimental Evaluation and Modeling Calculation" Processes 12, no. 7: 1406. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr12071406