Essential Oils against Candida auris—A Promising Approach for Antifungal Activity
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. EOs and Their Chemical Constituents with Antifungal Activity—Mechanisms of Action
2.1. Disruption of Cell Membrane
2.2. Induction of Oxidative Stress
2.3. Mitochondrial Dysfunction
2.4. Inhibition of Cell Wall Synthesis
2.5. Interaction with Membrane Proteins
2.6. Biofilm Inhibition
3. EOs and Their Compounds against C. auris
3.1. Diverse Sources of EOs and Their Compounds
3.2. Methods of Antifungal Analysis
3.3. Proposed Mechanisms of EO Action against C. auris
3.4. Findings
4. Limitations, Challenges, and Future Directions
5. Conclusions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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References | Source of Essential Oil/Compound | Methods of Analysis | Mechanisms of Action against C. auris | Results |
---|---|---|---|---|
[30] | Thuja plicata |
| N/A |
|
[31] | Cinnamomum zeylanicum bark and leaf |
|
|
|
[32] | Structural modifications of natural cuminaldehyde isolated from Calligonum comosum |
| N/A |
|
[33] | Lavandula angustifolia (linalyl acetate, linalool) free and liposome-enveloped EOs |
|
|
|
[34] | Melaleuca alternifoli, Pelargonium graveolens, Citrus aurantifolia peel, Eucalyptus spp., Mentha piperita, Leptospermum scoparium, Syzygium aromaticum bud, Commiphora abyssinica, Mentha spicata, Cinnamomum zeylanicum, Citrus bergamium, Citrus limon, Boswellia spp., Coriandrum sativum, Citrus × aurantium subsp. amara, Citrus × aurantium var. paradisi, Lavandula spp., Zingiber officinale, Ocimum basilicum, and Cymbopogon schoenanthus |
| N/A |
|
[35] | Melaleuca leucadendra, Melaleuca viridiflora, Melaleuca alternifolia, and Thymus zygis |
|
|
|
[36] | Juniperus oxycedrus ssp. macrocarpa (α-pinene) |
|
|
|
[37] | Thymus vulgaris (thymol 63.1%), Thymus zygis (thymol 26.5%), Thymus satureioides (borneol 29.3%), and Thymus mastichina (linalool 31.9%) |
| N/A |
|
[38] | Lippia sidoides (thymol 68.22%), encapsulated EO in nanostructured lipid carrier |
|
|
|
[39] | Cymbopogon martini, Cymbopogon citratus, Elettaria cardamomum, Coriandrum sativum, Anethum graveolens, Helichrysum italicum, Cuminum cyminum, Mentha piperita, Melaleuca alternifolia, Rosmarinus officinalis, Thymus vulgaris with thymol chemotype Cinnamomum zeylanicum (bark), Pelargonium graveolens, Cinnamomum camphora, and Lavandula angustifolia |
|
|
|
[40] | Cinnamomum cassia and its nano-formulations based on polycaprolactone |
|
|
|
[41] | Lippia alba (carvone-limonene chemotype) and L. origanoides (thymol chemotype), L. micromera (p-cymene chemotype) |
| N/A |
|
[42] | Lippia origanoides different chemotypes |
| N/A |
|
[43] | carvacrol, thymol, eugenol, methyl eugenol |
|
|
|
[44] | α-cyperone |
| N/A |
|
[45] | myrtenol |
|
|
|
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Kowalczyk, A. Essential Oils against Candida auris—A Promising Approach for Antifungal Activity. Antibiotics 2024, 13, 568. https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics13060568
Kowalczyk A. Essential Oils against Candida auris—A Promising Approach for Antifungal Activity. Antibiotics. 2024; 13(6):568. https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics13060568
Chicago/Turabian StyleKowalczyk, Adam. 2024. "Essential Oils against Candida auris—A Promising Approach for Antifungal Activity" Antibiotics 13, no. 6: 568. https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics13060568