Plant Growth Enhancement using Rhizospheric Halotolerant Phosphate Solubilizing Bacterium Bacillus licheniformis QA1 and Enterobacter asburiae QF11 Isolated from Chenopodium quinoa Willd
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Soil Sampling
2.2. Isolation and Screening of Phosphate Solubilizing Bacteria on Plates
2.3. Quantitative Assay of Phosphate Solubilization in Liquid Medium
2.4. DNA Amplification and Sequences Analysis
2.5. In Vitro Screening for PGP Activities
2.5.1. Indole-3-Acetic Acid (IAA) Production Assay
2.5.2. Bacterial Salinity and Heat Stress Monitoring
2.5.3. Biofilm Formation Assay
2.5.4. Siderophores Production Assay
2.5.5. Ammonia Production Assay
2.5.6. HCN Production Assay
2.5.7. Extracellular Enzymes Production
2.6. In Vivo Assessment of Selected PSB Strains
2.6.1. Seed Germination Assay
2.6.2. In Vivo Experiment under Saline Conditions
Plant Harvest and Phenotypes Monitoring
Plant Nutrient and Ionic Analysis
2.7. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. QA1 and QF11 Are Strains Exhibiting High Phosphate Solubilization Activities
3.2. QF11 Strain Overproduces Indole-3-Acetic Acid (IAA)
3.3. Strain QA1 Tolerates High Salt Concentrations
3.4. QA1 Strain Overproduces Siderophores And QF11 Enhances Biofilm Formation
3.5. Strain QA1 Overproduces Ammonia and Hydrogen Cyanide (HCN)
3.6. Strain QA1 Overproduces Extracellular Enzymes
3.7. QA1 and QF11 Belong to the Genus of Bacillus Licheniformis and Enterobacter Asburiae, Respectively
3.8. Strain QF11 Increases Seed Germination
3.9. B. licheniformis QA1 Improves Shoot Biomass while E. asburiae QF11 Enhances Root Development
3.10. B. licheniformis QA1 Strain Increases Leaf CCI, P and K+ and Decreases Na+ Uptake
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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0 mM NaCl | 400 mM NaCl | ||
---|---|---|---|
Symbol | Treatment | Symbol | Treatment |
C- | Seeds and plants treated with sterilized distilled water (Negative control) | C- | Seeds and plants treated with sterilized distilled water (Negative control) |
QA1 | Seeds and plants treated with QA1 strain | QA1 | Seeds and plants treated with QA1 strain |
QF11 | Seeds and plants treated with QF11 strain | QF11 | Seeds and plants treated with QF11 strain |
Bacterial Strain | Bacterial Treatment | QA1 | QF11 |
---|---|---|---|
Extreme properties | NaCl tolerance on plates | 2 M | <0.9 M |
Temperature tolerance | 55 °C | 37 °C | |
Siderophore production | +++ | ++ | |
HCN production | +++ | + | |
Extracellular enzymes (Halo Colony diameter) | Protease Cellulase | 1.07 ± 0.08 4.21 ± 0.24 | − − |
Parameter | Incubation Time | C- | QF11 | QA1 |
---|---|---|---|---|
Germination rate (%) | 24 h | 16.6 ± 6.65 c | 67.3 ± 12.5 a | 43.2 ± 6.7 b |
48 h | 58.6 ± 5.13 c | 77.6 ± 6.8 a | 67.7 ± 5.09 b | |
Total length (cm) | 1.7 ± 0.55 c | 5.3 ± 0.32 a | 2.56 ± 0.94 bc | |
Fresh weight (mg) | 36 ± 10.5 c | 50 ± 10.8 a | 41.3 ± 3.51 bc | |
Dry weight (mg) | 6.6 ± 1.52 b | 11.6 ± 2.51 a | 7.3 ± 1.52 ab |
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Mahdi, I.; Fahsi, N.; Hafidi, M.; Allaoui, A.; Biskri, L. Plant Growth Enhancement using Rhizospheric Halotolerant Phosphate Solubilizing Bacterium Bacillus licheniformis QA1 and Enterobacter asburiae QF11 Isolated from Chenopodium quinoa Willd. Microorganisms 2020, 8, 948. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms8060948
Mahdi I, Fahsi N, Hafidi M, Allaoui A, Biskri L. Plant Growth Enhancement using Rhizospheric Halotolerant Phosphate Solubilizing Bacterium Bacillus licheniformis QA1 and Enterobacter asburiae QF11 Isolated from Chenopodium quinoa Willd. Microorganisms. 2020; 8(6):948. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms8060948
Chicago/Turabian StyleMahdi, Ismail, Nidal Fahsi, Mohamed Hafidi, Abdelmounaaim Allaoui, and Latefa Biskri. 2020. "Plant Growth Enhancement using Rhizospheric Halotolerant Phosphate Solubilizing Bacterium Bacillus licheniformis QA1 and Enterobacter asburiae QF11 Isolated from Chenopodium quinoa Willd" Microorganisms 8, no. 6: 948. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms8060948