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Article

Microstructural and Magnetic Characteristics of High-Entropy FeCoNiMnTi Alloy Produced via Mechanical Alloying

by
Chérif Ben Ammar
1,2,
Nawel Khitouni
1,2,
Marzook Alshammari
3,
Abdulrahman Alsawi
4,
Mohamed Khitouni
5,
Joan-Josep Suñol
1,* and
Mahmoud Chemingui
2
1
Department of Physics, Campus Montilivi, University of Girona, 17071 Girona, Spain
2
Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, LR17-ES-07, Faculty of Science, University of Sfax, Sfax 3018, Tunisia
3
Microelectronics and Semiconductors Institute, KACST, Riyadh 12354, Saudi Arabia
4
Department of Physics, College of Science, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia
5
Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Qassim University, Buraidah 51452, Saudi Arabia
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Submission received: 5 September 2024 / Revised: 17 October 2024 / Accepted: 15 November 2024 / Published: 18 November 2024

Abstract

In the current study, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and vibrating sample magnetometer techniques were used to examine the impact of milling time on the microstructural and magnetic characteristics of Fe30Co20Ni20Mn20Ti10 (at%) produced via mechanical alloying. Results demonstrate that phase change is dependent on up to 30 h of milling. In terms of the hcp-Fe2Ti intermetallic and the BCC-FeCoNiMnTi supersaturated solid solution, the system maintains its two-phase structure at higher times. Additionally, the final average crystallite size was estimated to be approximately 10 nm, and the lattice strain was found to be between 0.95 and 1.15 %. As a function of milling time, the magnetic properties are discussed with the microstructural and crystallographic alterations. The collected powder after 100 h of milling has an Ms value of 28 emu/g and a Hc value of 25 Am−1, which is consistent with exceptional soft magnetics. This is essentially due to the Fe2Ti intermetallic and the BCC-Fe-based solid solution production, together with the refinement of the crystallite size. Furthermore, the presence of paramagnetic Ti atoms in solid solution and the development of high densities of defects and interfaces have been connected to the low value of Ms.
Keywords: nanostructure; high-entropy alloys; X-ray diffraction; microstructure; scanning electron microscopy; vibrating sample magnetometry nanostructure; high-entropy alloys; X-ray diffraction; microstructure; scanning electron microscopy; vibrating sample magnetometry

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MDPI and ACS Style

Ammar, C.B.; Khitouni, N.; Alshammari, M.; Alsawi, A.; Khitouni, M.; Suñol, J.-J.; Chemingui, M. Microstructural and Magnetic Characteristics of High-Entropy FeCoNiMnTi Alloy Produced via Mechanical Alloying. Metals 2024, 14, 1302. https://doi.org/10.3390/met14111302

AMA Style

Ammar CB, Khitouni N, Alshammari M, Alsawi A, Khitouni M, Suñol J-J, Chemingui M. Microstructural and Magnetic Characteristics of High-Entropy FeCoNiMnTi Alloy Produced via Mechanical Alloying. Metals. 2024; 14(11):1302. https://doi.org/10.3390/met14111302

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ammar, Chérif Ben, Nawel Khitouni, Marzook Alshammari, Abdulrahman Alsawi, Mohamed Khitouni, Joan-Josep Suñol, and Mahmoud Chemingui. 2024. "Microstructural and Magnetic Characteristics of High-Entropy FeCoNiMnTi Alloy Produced via Mechanical Alloying" Metals 14, no. 11: 1302. https://doi.org/10.3390/met14111302

APA Style

Ammar, C. B., Khitouni, N., Alshammari, M., Alsawi, A., Khitouni, M., Suñol, J. -J., & Chemingui, M. (2024). Microstructural and Magnetic Characteristics of High-Entropy FeCoNiMnTi Alloy Produced via Mechanical Alloying. Metals, 14(11), 1302. https://doi.org/10.3390/met14111302

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