Wearable Technology for Monitoring Respiratory Rate and SpO2 of COVID-19 Patients: A Systematic Review
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Wearable Sensors
3.2. COVID-19 Patient Monitoring Framework (Obtained from the Device)
3.2.1. First Layer
3.2.2. Second Layer
3.2.3. Third Layer
3.3. Data from Actual Patients
3.4. Operational Concerns
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
Appendix A
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No. in Appendix A | Country | Publish Date | Study Period | Aims and Objectives | Sample Size |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
S20 Gielen et al. (2021) | USA | October 2021 | April–June 2020 | To observe marked changes in biometric measurements (HR, RR, SpO2, arterial stiffness) around the dates of infection | 933 subjects with 2 detected with COVID-19 infection |
S30 Laveric et al. (2022) | Romania | January 2022 | Not specified | To test the performance of an IoT device, which can monitor health parameters such as HR, SpO2, body temperature, and current location | 2 persons under quarantine |
S24 Un et al. (2021) | China | February 2021 | 19 March 2020–11 April 2020 | Observational study of mild COVID-19 patients with wearable biosensors (HR, HRV, RR, SpO2, BPW, temperature, actigraphy) and machine learning-based remote monitoring | 34 COVID-19 positive patients |
S23 Santos et al. (2021) | UK | September 2021 | March–August 2020 | Adaption of a wearable-based ambulatory monitoring systems for real-time remote monitoring of the vital signs of COVID-19 patients cared for at an isolation ward | 59 COVID-19 positive patients |
S8 Hussain et al. (2022) | Oman | January 2022 | Not specified | The article prediction analysis is carried out with the dataset downloaded from the application peripheral interface (API), designed explicitly for COVID-19 quarantined patients | 1085 patients (490 COVID-19 infected and 595 non-infected cases) |
S21 Mekhael et al. (2022) | USA | March 2022 | ~September 2021 | Assessment of the long-term effects of COVID-19 through sleep patterns from continuous signals collected via wearable wristbands | 122 patients with COVID19 and 588 controls (n = 710). |
S3 Patel et al. (2022) | USA | February 2022 | April–June 2020 | To describe a pilot program to evaluate the impact of remote patient monitoring in post-discharge monitoring of COVID-19 patients | 80 high-risk COID-19 patients discharged from the hospital |
S13 Wurzer et al. (2021) | Germany | September 2021 | None Specified | To establish a telemonitoring system for COVID-19 positive high-risk patients in domestic isolation | 153 patients, older than 60 years of age and with a pre-existing condition |
S2 Bircher et al. (2022) | UK | July 2022 | October 2021–February 2022 | To determine appropriate virtual care and telehealth systems to reduce barriers to care and improve maternity outcomes | 228 COVID-19 maternity patients admitted to the virtual maternity ward |
S34 Lee et al. (2022) | USA | May 2022 | 29 November 2020–5 February 2021 | To determine the effectiveness of home pulse oximetry monitoring on COVID-19 patients | A total of 1041 patients (606 COVID-19 positive) as control, and 1056 patients (611 COVID-19 positive) were in the pulse oximetry group |
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Takahashi, S.; Nakazawa, E.; Ichinohe, S.; Akabayashi, A.; Akabayashi, A. Wearable Technology for Monitoring Respiratory Rate and SpO2 of COVID-19 Patients: A Systematic Review. Diagnostics 2022, 12, 2563. https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics12102563
Takahashi S, Nakazawa E, Ichinohe S, Akabayashi A, Akabayashi A. Wearable Technology for Monitoring Respiratory Rate and SpO2 of COVID-19 Patients: A Systematic Review. Diagnostics. 2022; 12(10):2563. https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics12102563
Chicago/Turabian StyleTakahashi, Shizuko, Eisuke Nakazawa, Sakurako Ichinohe, Aru Akabayashi, and Akira Akabayashi. 2022. "Wearable Technology for Monitoring Respiratory Rate and SpO2 of COVID-19 Patients: A Systematic Review" Diagnostics 12, no. 10: 2563. https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics12102563