Agromorphological Characterization and Nutritional Value of Traditional Almond Cultivars Grown in the Central-Western Iberian Peninsula
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Plant Material
2.2. Agromorphological Characterization
2.3. Chemical Composition
2.4. Statistical Analyses
3. Results
3.1. Flowers
3.2. Leaves
3.3. Fruits
3.4. Vegetative Tree Habits
3.5. Statistical Analyses
4. Discussion
4.1. Agromorphological and Chemical Characterization
4.2. Statistical Analyses
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Cultivar | Open Flower Diameter (cm) | Number of Petals | Petal Length (cm) | Petal Width (cm) | Number of Pistils | Pistil Length (cm) | Number of Stamens |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Agapitina | 4.38 (0.18) defg | 5 | 1.89 (0.04) c | 1.27 (0.03) cd | 1 | 1.83 (0.03) hi | 32.28 (1.97) bcdef |
Bravía | 4.35 (0.14) cdef | 5 | 1.72 (0.07) b | 1.61 (0.04) h | 1 | 1.26 (0.05) a | 31.06 (3.01) abcdef |
Cascafina | 4.91 (0.12) jkl | 5 | 2.25 (0.05) j | 1.91 (0.02) l | 1–2 | 1.88 (0.04) jk | 30.84 (1.98) abcde |
Cascona | 3.48 (0.22) a | 5 | 1.45 (0.04) a | 1.44 (0.05) g | 1–2 | 1.51 (0.02) c | 28.12 (2.11) a |
Cornicabra | 4.02 (0.11) b | 5 | 1.72 (0.07) b | 1.23 (0.04) c | 1 | 1.73 (0.03) ef | 30.87 (2.64) abcde |
De Convite | 4.70 (0.15) hij | 5 | 2.05 (0.05) efg | 1.71 (0.02) ij | 1–2 | 1.95 (0.02) lm | 39.38 (1.08) g |
Desmayo Largueta | 4.31 (0.13) cde | 5 | 2.02 (0.06) ef | 1.45 (0.05) g | 1–2 | 1.65 (0.04) d | 29.51 (2.06) abc |
Desmayo Rojo | 4.23 (0.16) bcd | 5 | 2.14 (0.04) hi | 1.17 (0.04) b | 1–3 | 1.79 (0.03) gh | 28.62 (2.35) a |
Esperanza | 4.26 (0.14) bcde | 5 | 2.15 (0.05) hi | 1.18 (0.02) b | 1–3 | 1.81 (0.03) hi | 28.17 (2.54) a |
Gorda José | 5.03 (0.21) kl | 5 | 2.25 (0.06) j | 2.04 (0.03) m | 1 | 1.83 (0.03) hi | 41.28 (2.64) g |
Marcelina | 5.11 (0.17) l | 5 | 2.39 (0.05) k | 1.63 (0.05) h | 1 | 1.76 (0.04) fg | 29.28 (0.82) ab |
Marcona | 4.62 (0.20) ghi | 5 | 2.12 (0.04) gh | 1.35 (0.04) f | 1 | 1.48 (0.02) bc | 28.64 (1.71) a |
Molar de Chavés | 4.60 (0.18) fghi | 5 | 2.10 (0.05) fgh | 1.32 (0.03) ef | 1 | 1.45 (0.03) b | 29.64 (1.99) abc |
Mollar de Arribes | 4.81 (0.17) ijk | 5 | 2.22 (0.08) ij | 1.75 (0.03) j | 1 | 1.71 (0.05) e | 34.02 (1.82) ef |
Pestaneta de Bragança | 4.16 (0.19) bcd | 5–6 | 1.79 (0.05) b | 1.16 (0.04) b | 1 | 1.84 (0.03) ij | 28.09 (1.48) a |
Pestañeta de Arribes | 4.10 (0.20) bc | 5–6 | 1.72 (0.07) b | 1.11 (0.03) a | 1 | 1.83 (0.02) hi | 28.14 (1.05) a |
Peta | 5.51 (0.17) m | 5 | 2.49 (0.05) l | 1.70 (0.02) i | 1–2 | 1.92 (0.03) kl | 31.02 (1.49) abcdef |
Picuda | 4.52 (0.17) efgh | 5–6 | 1.99 (0.06) de | 1.28 (0.04) de | 1 | 1.45 (0.04) b | 53.64 (3.02) h |
Portuguesa | 5.02 (0.22) kl | 5 | 2.21 (0.07) ij | 1.86 (0.05) k | 1 | 2.05 (0.02) n | 33.05 (2.64) def |
Recia | 4.99 (0.14) kl | 5 | 2.25 (0.03) j | 1.62 (0.08) h | 1 | 1.98 (0.02) m | 34.21 (2.19) f |
Redondilla | 4.31 (0.12) cde | 5 | 1.93 (0.02) cd | 1.23 (0.02) c | 1 | 1.89 (0.04) k | 29.15 (1.43) ab |
Valenciana | 4.72 (0.11) hij | 5 | 2.02 (0.05) ef | 1.71 (0.03) ij | 1 | 1.95 (0.03) lm | 32.64 (0.97) cdef |
Verdeal | 4.18 (0.16) bcd | 5 | 1.80 (0.04) b | 1.35 (0.04) f | 1 | 1.75 (0.03) efg | 30.56 (1.99) abcd |
Verdinal | 4.11 (0.10) bc | 5 | 1.78 (0.03) b | 1.31 (0.04) def | 1 | 1.72 (0.04) ef | 30.67 (1.35) abcd |
Cultivar | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Petiole Length (cm) | Leaf Blade Length (cm) | Leaf Blade Width (cm) | 2/3 Ratio | 1/2 Ratio | Anthocyanin Coloration of Leaf Glands | |
Agapitina | 2.18 (0.31) cdefgh | 9.27 (1.27) abcd | 1.91 (0.34) bcdefg | 4.85 (0.62) abcd | 0.24 (0.03) def | Green |
Bravía | 2.06 (0.55) bcdefgh | 7.79 (1.19) a | 2.07 (0.38) cdefgh | 3.76 (0.60) a | 0.26 (0.05) f | Reddish |
Cascafina | 2.56 (0.39) ghij | 10.15 (1.18) bcdefg | 1.89 (0.21) bcdefg | 5.37 (0.58) bcd | 0.25 (0.03) ef | Green |
Cascona | 2.29 (0.23) defghi | 10.90 (1.19) cdefgh | 2.33 (0.34) efgh | 4.68 (0.65) abc | 0.21 (0.02) bcde | Green |
Cornicabra | 1.46 (0.38) a | 9.60 (1.93) abcde | 2.18 (0.50) efgh | 4.40 (0.69) ab | 0.15 (0.03) a | Green |
De Convite | 3.06 (0.33) jk | 8.42 (0.45) ab | 1.88 (0.11) bcdef | 4.48 (0.10) ab | 0.36 (0.02) g | Reddish |
Desmayo Largueta | 1.95 (0.32) abcd | 10.21 (1.15) bcdefg | 1.93 (0.43) bcdefg | 5.29 (0.90) bcd | 0.19 (0.02) abc | Green |
Desmayo Rojo | 2.43 (0.40) efghi | 12.09 (1.21) ghi | 1.85 (0.36) bcde | 6.54 (1.15) e | 0.20 (0.02) bcd | Reddish |
Esperanza | 2.03 (0.39) abcdefg | 10.52 (0.92) cdefgh | 1.33 (0.16) a | 7.91 (0.90) f | 0.19 (0.03) abc | Reddish |
Gorda José | 2.47 (0.22) fghi | 11.89 (0.98) fgh | 3.11 (0.35) i | 3.82 (0.82) a | 0.21 (0.03) bcde | Green |
Marcelina | 2.46 (0.39) efghi | 10.11 (1.02) bcdef | 2.17 (0.20) defgh | 4.66 (0.42) abc | 0.24 (0.02) def | Green |
Marcona | 2.21 (0.27) cdefghi | 11.07 (0.94) defgh | 2.47 (0.33) h | 4.48 (0.58) ab | 0.20 (0.04) bcd | Reddish |
Molar de Chavés | 2.30 (0.38) defghi | 11.52 (2.01) efgh | 2.51 (0.37) h | 4.58 (0.72) abc | 0.19 (0.03) abc | Reddish |
Mollar de Arribes | 3.40 (0.55) k | 14.03 (2.34) i | 2.36 (0.39) fgh | 5.94 (0.79) de | 0.24 (0.02) def | Reddish |
Pestaneta de Bragança | 2.03 (0.21) abcdefg | 8.51 (0.85) ab | 1.68 (0.23) abcd | 5.06 (0.55) bcd | 0.23 (0.03) cdef | Green |
Pestañeta de Arribes | 1.94 (0.10) abcdef | 8.37 (0.50) ab | 1.60 (0.16) abc | 5.23 (0.62) bcd | 0.23 (0.01) cdef | Green |
Peta | 2.76 (0.41) ij | 11.10 (1.10) defgh | 2.38 (0.30) gh | 4.66 (0.56) abc | 0.25 (0.02) ef | Reddish |
Picuda | 2.63 (0.54) hij | 11.46 (1.10) efgh | 3.04 (0.40) i | 3.77 (0.59) a | 0.23 (0.04) cdef | Reddish |
Portuguesa | 1.89 (0.28) abcde | 11.39 (1.04) efgh | 2.26 (0.28) efgh | 5.04 (0.51) bcd | 0.17 (0.02) ab | Green |
Recia | 2.45 (0.43) efghi | 12.49 (1.66) hi | 2.37 (0.58) fgh | 5.27 (0.90) bcd | 0.20 (0.03) bcd | Green |
Redondilla | 2.01 (0.31) abcdefg | 9.09 (1.31) abc | 1.60 (0.26) abc | 5.68 (1.18) cde | 0.22 (0.02) cdef | Reddish |
Valenciana | 1.74 (0.19) abcd | 8.28 (0.96) ab | 1.96 (0.43) bcdefg | 5.96 (0.83) de | 0.21 (0.03) bcde | Green |
Verdeal | 1.59 (0.27) ab | 8.03 (1.08) a | 1.49 (0.38) ab | 5.38 (0.53) bcd | 0.19 (0.02) abc | Green |
Verdinal | 1.64 (0.36) abc | 8.12 (1.21) a | 1.50 (0.29) ab | 5.41 (0.86) bcde | 0.20 (0.03) bcd | Green |
Cultivar | Nut | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Weight (g) | Length (cm) | Width (cm) | Thickness (cm) | Volume (cm3) | Geometric Mean Diameter (mm) | ||
Agapitina | 6.49 (1.31) fg | 3.10 (0.25) abc | 2.60 (0.15) efg | 1.64 (0.17) cd | 5.18 (1.02) bcdef | 23.62 (2.16) bcd | |
Bravía | 2.72 (0.37) a | 2.82 (0.15) a | 1.82 (0.28) a | 1.31 (0.06) a | 2.42 (0.67) a | 18.86 (1.94) a | |
Cascafina | 3.17 (2.02) ab | 3.38 (0.19) bcdefgh | 2.42 (0.15) cde | 1.56 (0.08) bc | 4.68 (1.15) bcde | 23.34 (2.00) bcd | |
Cascona | 5.50 (1.15) cdefg | 3.45 (0.27) cdefghi | 2.40 (0.22) cde | 1.61 (0.14) bcd | 4.88 (1.09) bcdef | 23.69 (2.08) bcd | |
Cornicabra | 5.11 (1.28) cdef | 3.83 (0.45) ij | 2.07 (0.17) ab | 1.56 (0.08) bc | 4.23 (0.98) bc | 23.10 (1.96) bc | |
De Convite | 3.86 (0.30) abc | 3.70 (0.09) ghij | 2.37 (0.21) bcde | 1.45 (0.10) ab | 4.44 (1.12) bcd | 23.32 (2.28) bcd | |
Desmayo Largueta | 4.31 (1.33) abad | 3.56 (0.51) efghi | 2.21 (0.20) bcd | 1.34 (0.13) a | 3.63 (0.94) ab | 21.90 (1.83) ab | |
Desmayo Rojo | 5.00 (0.77) cdef | 3.24 (0.18) bcdef | 2.46 (0.13) cde | 1.64 (0.14) cd | 4.95 (1.22) bcdef | 23.53 (2.07) bcd | |
Esperanza | 4.80 (0.59) bcde | 3.38 (0.08) bcdefgh | 2.52 (0.13) de | 1.64 (0.11) cd | 5.22 (1.41) bcdef | 24.08 (1.96) bcd | |
Gorda José | 16.35 (0.87) j | 4.98 (0.23) k | 3.41 (0.15) j | 2.49 (0.11) g | 15.64 (3.83) j | 34.79 (2.41) f | |
Marcelina | 9.14 (0.52) i | 3.48 (0.15) cdefghi | 2.88 (0.10) ghi | 1.85 (0.10) ef | 7.26 (1.42) hi | 26.44 (2.17) de | |
Marcona | 5.77 (1.15) defg | 3.13 (0.20) abcd | 2.65 (0.20) efg | 1.83 (0.16) ef | 6.13 (1.00) efgh | 24.73 (2.09) bcde | |
Molar de Chavés | 5.65 (0.99) defg | 3.30 (0.39) bcdefg | 2.54 (0.20) ef | 1.62 (0.14) cd | 5.13 (1.08) bcdef | 23.85 (1.99) bcd | |
Mollar de Arribes | 5.43 (0.90) cdefg | 3.79 (0.60) hij | 2.40 (0.22) cde | 1.59 (0.12) bc | 5.10 (1.14) bcdef | 24.34 (1.86) bcd | |
Pestaneta de Bragança | 6.87 (1.01) gh | 3.20 (0.21) abcdef | 2.64 (0.19) efg | 1.64 (0.10) cd | 5.37 (1.20) cdefg | 23.99 (1.99) bcd | |
Pestañeta de Arribes | 6.80 (0.56) gh | 3.13 (0.15) abcd | 2.63 (0.06) efg | 1.63 (0.06) cd | 5.24 (1.05) bcdef | 23.74 (2.11) bcd | |
Peta | 8.22 (1.04) hi | 4.09 (0.17) j | 2.67 (0.12) efg | 1.99 (0.12) f | 7.92 (1.52) i | 27.87 (2.30) e | |
Picuda | 4.90 (0.85) cdef | 3.54 (0.21) defghi | 2.85 (0.20) fgh | 1.60 (0.06) bcd | 6.05 (1.29) defgh | 25.24 (2.04) cde | |
Portuguesa | 6.51 (0.92) fg | 3.61 (0.22) fghi | 2.68 (0.16) efg | 1.76 (0.09) de | 6.37 (1.04) fghi | 25.70 (2.15) cde | |
Recia | 5.43 (0.69) cdefg | 2.98 (0.24) ab | 2.19 (0.22) bc | 1.62 (0.26) cd | 4.04 (0.97) abc | 21.93 (1.78) ab | |
Redondilla | 6.18 (1.81) efg | 3.17 (0.47) abcde | 2.50 (0.33) cde | 1.72 (0.15) cde | 5.30 (1.11) cdefg | 23.86 (1.96) bcd | |
Valenciana | 6.51 (0.98) fg | 3.30 (0.24) bcdefg | 2.57 (0.18) efg | 1.85 (0.12) ef | 6.13 (1.26) efgh | 25.01 (2.07) bcde | |
Verdeal | 6.23 (1.02) efg | 3.40 (0.20) cdefgh | 3.17 (0.25) hij | 1.63 (0.11) cd | 6.90 (1.47) ghi | 25.97 (2.13) cde | |
Verdinal | 6.38 (0.78) efg | 3.42 (0.16) cdefghi | 3.20 (0.28) ij | 1.65 (0.09) cd | 7.11 (1.33) hi | 26.21 (2.24) cde | |
Cultivar | Nut | Kernel | |||||
Sphericity (%) | Surface Area (cm2) | Shell Hardness | Weight (g) | Length (cm) | Width (cm) | ||
Agapitina | 76.19 (6.22) ef | 17.52 (1.82) bcd | Hard | 1.47 (0.23) ef | 2.26 (0.22) ab | 1.69 (0.22) ijk | |
Bravía | 66.87 (5.16) abcde | 11.17 (2.03) a | Hard | 0.89 (0.14) a | 2.26 (0.11) ab | 1.10 (0.18) a | |
Cascafina | 69.05 (5.62) abcde | 17.11 (1.96) bc | Hard | 1.09 (0.14) abcd | 2.43 (0.14) bcdef | 1.53 (0.07) fghi | |
Cascona | 68.66 (5.47) abcde | 17.63 (2.15) bcd | Hard | 1.40 (0.28) def | 2.43 (0.17) bcdef | 1.48 (0.13) defg | |
Cornicabra | 60.31 (4.98) a | 16.76 (1.85) bc | Hard | 1.27 (0.14) cdef | 2.65 (0.23) def | 1.35 (0.20) bcde | |
De Convite | 63.02 (5.29) abc | 17.08 (2.31) bc | Soft | 1.35 (0.12) cdef | 2.67 (0.12) ef | 1.50 (0.06) efg | |
Desmayo Largueta | 61.51 (5.73) ab | 15.06 (1.67) b | Hard | 1.05 (0.37) abc | 2.60 (0.24) cdef | 1.21 (0.13) ab | |
Desmayo Rojo | 72.62 (6.00) cdef | 17.39 (1.95) bc | Intermediate | 1.18 (0.14) abcdef | 2.30 (0.15) abc | 1.33 (0.09) bcd | |
Esperanza | 71.25 (6.43) bcdef | 18.21 (2.04) bcde | Hard | 0.92 (0.07) ab | 2.23 (0.06) ab | 1.30 (0.08) bc | |
Gorda José | 69.85 (5.48) abcdef | 38.02 (3.52) h | Hard | 1.94 (0.18) g | 2.61 (0.18) cdef | 1.80 (0.11) kl | |
Marcelina | 75.97 (6.11) ef | 21.96 (2.01) fg | Hard | 2.11 (0.23) g | 2.52 (0.22) bcdef | 1.94 (0.05) l | |
Marcona | 79.00 (5.87) f | 19.21 (1.93) cdefg | Hard | 1.30 (0.14) cdef | 2.08 (0.10) a | 1.58 (0.14) ghi | |
Molar de Chavés | 72.29 (5.00) cdef | 17.87 (1.87) bcd | Intermediate | 1.33 (0.16) cdef | 2.32 (0.21) abc | 1.55 (0.16) fghi | |
Mollar de Arribes | 64.22 (5.42) abcd | 18.61 (2.26) cdef | Intermediate | 1.39 (0.13) def | 2.51 (0.24) bcdef | 1.52 (0.14) fgh | |
Pestaneta de Bragança | 74.98 (6.31) ef | 18.08 (2.38) bcde | Hard | 1.37 (0.11) cdef | 2.32 (0.16) abc | 1.76 (0.09) jk | |
Pestañeta de Arribes | 75.84 (6.19) ef | 17.70 (1.68) bcd | Hard | 1.36 (0.04) cdef | 2.30 (0.09) abc | 1.75 (0.07) jk | |
Peta | 68.14 (5.87) abcde | 24.40 (2.49) g | Hard | 1.39 (0.22) def | 2.72 (0.15) f | 1.67 (0.09) hijk | |
Picuda | 71.29 (6.01) bcdef | 20.01 (2.09) cdefg | Hard | 1.21 (0.11) abcdef | 2.25 (0.15) ab | 1.50 (0.08) efg | |
Portuguesa | 71.19 (5.99) bcdef | 20.74 (2.14) defg | Hard | 1.48 (0.22) f | 2.55 (0.13) bcdef | 1.62 (0.08) ghij | |
Recia | 73.59 (6.14) def | 15.10 (1.52) b | Hard | 1.23 (0.17) bcdef | 2.29 (0.13) abc | 1.40 (0.08) cdef | |
Redondilla | 75.26 (5.62) ef | 17.07 (1.76) bc | Hard | 1.19 (0.21) abcdef | 2.34 (0.14) abad | 1.55 (0.16) fghi | |
Valenciana | 75.78 (5.76) ef | 19.65 (1.64) cdefg | Hard | 1.15 (0.19) abcde | 2.24 (0.14) ab | 1.55 (0.09) fghi | |
Verdeal | 76.38 (6.20) ef | 21.18 (2.37) defg | Hard | 1.30 (0.17) cdef | 2.39 (0.17) abcde | 1.46 (0.11) cdefg | |
Verdinal | 76.63 (6.07) ef | 21.58 (2.43) efg | Hard | 1.31 (0.21) cdef | 2.41 (0.20) bcdef | 1.47 (0.13) defg | |
Cultivar | Kernel | ||||||
Thickness (cm) | Volume (cm3) | Geometric Mean Diameter (mm) | Sphericity (%) | Surface Area (cm2) | Doubles (%) | Taste | |
Agapitina | 0.85 (0.08) bc | 1.16 (0.21) c | 14.80 (1.02) cd | 65.49 (4.94) hi | 6.88 (0.62) de | 2 | Sweet |
Bravía | 0.84 (0.06) abc | 0.69 (0.23) a | 12.77 (1.11) a | 56.54 (3.21) bcd | 5.12 (0.59) ab | 6 | Bitter |
Cascafina | 0.73 (0.06) ab | 0.91 (0.20) abc | 13.94 (0.96) abc | 57.38 (4.89) bcdef | 6.10 (0.70) abcd | 17 | Sweet |
Cascona | 0.85 (0.08) bc | 1.04 (0.19) bc | 14.50 (1.20) bc | 59.70 (3.93) cdefghi | 6.60 (0.71) abcd | 16 | Sweet |
Cornicabra | 0.80 (0.06) abc | 0.93 (0.20) abc | 14.19 (0.99) abc | 53.55 (3.65) abc | 6.32 (0.68) abcd | 3 | Sweet |
De Convite | 0.70 (0.06) ab | 0.91 (0.22) abc | 14.09 (1.14) abc | 52.79 (4.07) ab | 6.23 (0.67) abcd | 15 | Sweet |
Desmayo Largueta | 0.68 (0.09) a | 0.68 (0.18) a | 12.88 (0.90) ab | 49.54 (4.62) a | 5.21 (0.62) abc | 14 | Sweet |
Desmayo Rojo | 0.80 (0.06) abc | 0.83 (0.21) ab | 13.47 (0.94) abc | 58.57 (3.94) bcdefg | 5.70 (0.66) abcd | 21 | Sweet |
Esperanza | 0.70 (0.07) ab | 0.68 (0.19) a | 12.66 (1.03) a | 56.77 (3.82) bcde | 5.03 (0.60) a | 20 | Sweet |
Gorda José | 0.70 (0.04) ab | 1.10 (0.23) bc | 14.86 (1.00) cd | 56.95 (3.81) bcde | 6.93 (0.72) de | 0 | Sweet |
Marcelina | 0.90 (0.06) c | 1.56 (0.21) d | 16.37 (1.28) d | 64.99 (4.83) ghi | 8.41 (0.78) e | 3 | Sweet |
Marcona | 0.78 (0.06) abc | 0.92 (0.22) abc | 13.68 (0.97) abc | 65.77 (5.02) i | 5.87 (0.70) abcd | 4 | Sweet |
Molar de Chavés | 0.80 (0.07) abc | 0.99 (0.18) abc | 14.22 (1.09) abc | 61.30 (4.15) defghi | 6.35 (0.75) abcd | 7 | Sweet |
Mollar de Arribes | 0.82 (0.10) abc | 1.05 (0.20) bc | 14.61 (1.04) c | 58.24 (4.41) bcdef | 6.70 (0.69) bcd | 5 | Sweet |
Pestaneta de Bragança | 0.80 (0.06) abc | 1.15 (0.23) bc | 14.83 (1.11) cd | 63.92 (4.87) efghi | 6.90 (0.71) cde | 3 | Sweet |
Pestañeta de Arribes | 0.80 (0.07) abc | 1.13 (0.19) bc | 14.76 (1.13) cd | 64.17 (5.06) fghi | 6.84 (0.70) de | 4 | Sweet |
Peta | 0.69 (0.09) ab | 1.02 (0.21) bc | 14.62 (0.98) c | 53.78 (3.94) abc | 6.71 (0.73) bcd | 17 | Sweet |
Picuda | 0.85 (0.06) bc | 1.00 (0.22) abc | 14.20 (1.17) abc | 63.12 (4.08) defghi | 6.33 (0.69) abad | 4 | Sweet |
Portuguesa | 0.79 (0.05) abc | 1.10 (0.20) bc | 14.82 (1.20) cd | 58.14 (4.61) bcdef | 6.89 (0.72) de | 2 | Sweet |
Recia | 0.80 (0.08) abc | 0.87 (0.23) abc | 13.68 (0.99) abc | 59.75 (4.19) cdefghi | 5.87 (0.67) abcd | 8 | Intermediate |
Redondilla | 0.79 (0.06) abc | 0.98 (0.21) abc | 14.19 (1.02) abc | 60.67 (3.76) defghi | 6.32 (0.70) abcd | 4 | Sweet |
Valenciana | 0.70 (0.08) ab | 0.83 (0.22) ab | 13.44 (0.97) abc | 60.00 (4.99) cdefghi | 5.67 (0.68) abcd | 3 | Sweet |
Verdeal | 0.79 (0.06) abc | 0.93 (0.19) abc | 14.01 (1.06) abc | 58.64 (4.52) bcdefgh | 6.16 (0.73) abcd | 5 | Sweet |
Verdinal | 0.80 (0.05) abc | 0.96 (0.21) abc | 14.14 (1.10) abc | 58.70 (3.84) bcdefgh | 6.28 (0.69) abcd | 5 | Sweet |
Cultivar | Dry Weight (%) | Lipids (%) | Proteins (%) | Dietary Fiber (%) | Carbohydrates (%) | Ash (%) | Energy (kcal/100 g) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Agapitina | 95.82 (0.71) ab | 52.76 (2.06) cd | 20.81 (0.92) cd | 15.03 (0.96) ab | 3.82 (0.42) cde | 3.55 (0.31) bcdef | 573.28 (15.07) bcdef |
Bravía | 95.69 (0.86) ab | 50.87 (2.92) abc | 23.06 (1.04) efg | 14.84 (1.13) ab | 4.04 (0.58) cdef | 3.03 (0.29) a | 566.15 (20.11) abcd |
Cascafina | 96.14 (0.79) ab | 56.13 (2.00) fg | 18.57 (0.87) b | 14.81 (1.35) ab | 3.69 (0.50) c | 3.16 (0.34) abcd | 593.83 (12.79) ef |
Cascona | 95.67 (0.69) ab | 52.67 (2.76) cd | 21.09 (0.96) cd | 15.19 (1.27) ab | 3.97 (0.52) cde | 3.09 (0.39) abc | 573.59 (18.34) bcdef |
Cornicabra | 95.76 (0.74) ab | 52.94 (3.01) cdef | 20.75 (0.83) cd | 14.78 (1.76) ab | 3.76 (0.57) cd | 3.77 (0.30) efghi | 574.26 (13.92) bcdef |
De Convite | 96.33 (0.77) ab | 52.83 (2.61) cde | 21.63 (0.91) def | 14.97 (0.92) ab | 3.91 (0.45) cde | 3.11 (0.33) ab | 577.59 (14.67) cdef |
Desmayo Largueta | 95.69 (0.80) ab | 50.77 (2.42) abc | 21.64 (0.94) def | 15.56 (1.51) ab | 4.05 (0.51) cdef | 3.82 (0.36) efghi | 559.49 (16.82) abc |
Desmayo Rojo | 96.21 (0.74) ab | 52.83 (2.38) cde | 21.02 (1.02) cd | 14.33 (1.10) a | 4.63 (0.47) ef | 3.55 (0.29) bcdef | 577.95 (11.30) bcdef |
Esperanza | 95.80 (0.79) b | 49.08 (1.97) ab | 23.39 (1.11) g | 15.07 (1.60) ab | 4.56 (0.49) def | 4.09 (0.38) ghi | 553.28 (17.83) ab |
Gorda José | 96.55 (0.68) ab | 50.26 (2.49) abc | 21.64 (0.99) def | 16.26 (1.09) b | 4.47 (0.60) cdef | 4.17 (0.28) i | 556.50 (14.12) abc |
Marcelina | 95.94 (0.83) ab | 52.52 (2.61) cd | 20.95 (0.86) cd | 14.74 (1.54) ab | 3.71 (0.58) c | 4.12 (0.33) hi | 571.28 (15.99) abcde |
Marcona | 96.03 (0.78) ab | 52.47 (2.46) cd | 21.16 (0.94) cd | 15.03 (1.49) ab | 4.10 (0.52) cdef | 3.46 (0.37) abcdef | 573.27 (21.67) abcde |
Molar de Chavés | 95.54 (0.84) a | 49.91 (1.95) abc | 23.21 (0.97) fg | 14.96 (0.90) ab | 3.99 (0.43) cde | 3.64 (0.30) defgh | 557.63 (17.22) abc |
Mollar de Arribes | 96.56 (0.80) ab | 56.80 (2.81) g | 19.67 (0.87) bc | 15.08 (1.82) ab | 2.13 (0.46) a | 3.02 (0.28) a | 598.28 (10.65) f |
Pestaneta de Bragança | 96.08 (0.75) ab | 52.73 (3.02) cd | 20.73 (0.85) cd | 15.36 (1.74) ab | 4.04 (0.52) cdef | 3.36 (0.37) abcde | 573.49 (18.34) bcdef |
Pestañeta de Arribes | 95.91 (0.87) ab | 52.97 (2.43) cdef | 20.57 (0.92) cd | 15.14 (1.66) ab | 3.80 (0.44) cd | 3.64 (0.33) defgh | 574.21 (13.96) bcdef |
Peta | 95.82 (0.78) ab | 56.06 (3.07) efg | 15.54 (0.97) a | 17.99 (1.04) c | 2.86 (0.47) ab | 3.62 (0.30) defg | 577.90 (19.57) bcdef |
Picuda | 95.59 (0.69) a | 48.82 (2.09) a | 23.35 (0.90) g | 15.64 (0.98) ab | 4.07 (0.50) cdef | 3.85 (0.27) fghi | 548.78 (12.83) a |
Portuguesa | 95.54 (0.68) a | 50.06 (2.31) abc | 23.33 (1.00) g | 14.93 (1.16) ab | 3.83 (0.53) cde | 3.53 (0.35) bcdef | 559.06 (15.71) abc |
Recia | 95.96 (0.81) ab | 54.77 (2.73) defg | 18.78 (0.83) b | 14.04 (1.07) a | 4.82 (0.56) f | 3.79 (0.37) efghi | 587.25 (19.80) def |
Redondilla | 95.94 (0.75) ab | 51.86 (2.64) abcd | 21.56 (1.06) de | 14.82 (0.93) ab | 3.86 (0.49) cde | 4.04 (0.33) ghi | 568.18 (11.82) abcd |
Valenciana | 96.23 (0.70) ab | 52.24 (2.82) bcd | 21.82 (0.98) defg | 14.99 (1.02) ab | 3.71 (0.47) c | 3.61 (0.40) cdefg | 572.24 (21.23) abcde |
Verdeal | 96.17 (0.83) ab | 52.73 (2.71) cd | 20.73 (1.11) cd | 14.88 (1.14) ab | 3.93 (0.60) cde | 4.05 (0.36) ghi | 573.09 (16.79) bcdef |
Verdinal | 96.02 (0.75) ab | 53.05 (2.00) cdef | 22.14 (0.94) defg | 14.03 (0.91) a | 3.65 (0.54) bc | 3.38 (0.31) abcdef | 580.41 (14.27) cdef |
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Pérez-Sánchez, R.; Morales-Corts, M.R. Agromorphological Characterization and Nutritional Value of Traditional Almond Cultivars Grown in the Central-Western Iberian Peninsula. Agronomy 2021, 11, 1238. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11061238
Pérez-Sánchez R, Morales-Corts MR. Agromorphological Characterization and Nutritional Value of Traditional Almond Cultivars Grown in the Central-Western Iberian Peninsula. Agronomy. 2021; 11(6):1238. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11061238
Chicago/Turabian StylePérez-Sánchez, Rodrigo, and María Remedios Morales-Corts. 2021. "Agromorphological Characterization and Nutritional Value of Traditional Almond Cultivars Grown in the Central-Western Iberian Peninsula" Agronomy 11, no. 6: 1238. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11061238