The Role of the Enteral Route and the Composition of Feeds in the Nutritional Support of Malnourished Surgical Patients
Abstract
:1. Introduction
Malnutrition | Weight loss | BMI (kg/m2) | SGA | Albumin (g/L) | NRI [3] | NRS [4] |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
None | - | 18.5–25 | A | >35 | >97.5 | Score 0 |
Mild | <10% | <18.5 | B | <35 | 84–97.5 | Score 1 |
Moderate | Score 2 | |||||
Severe | >10% | <16 | C | <30 | <84 | Score 3 |
2. Pre-Operative Energy and Nitrogen Support
Pre-Operative Immuno-Metabolic Support
3. Post-Operative Energy and Nitrogen Support
Post-Operative Immuno-Metabolic Support
Braga 1998 [33] | Braga 1999 [34] | Braga 2002 [35] | Bozzetti 2007 [7] | Klek 2011 [36] | Klek 2011 [37] | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Type of study | RCT | RCT | RCT | Case series | RCT | RCT |
Sample size | 266 | 206 | 150 | 1410 | 167 | 305 |
Type of analysis | Post-hoc (n = 78 malnourished) | Post-hoc (n = 40 malnourished) | ITT | Post-hoc (n = 806 malnourished) | ITT | ITT |
Definition of malnutrition | WL > 10% | WL > 10% | WL > 10% | WL > 10% | ESPEN criteria | WL > 10% or BMI < 18 |
IMN formula | Impact® | Impact® | Impact® | Impact® | Stresson® | Reconvan® |
Type of control group | Standard enteral diet, TPN | Standard enteral diet | Standard enteral diet | TPN, I.V. glucose, standard enteral diet | Standard enteral diet | Standard enteral diet |
Timing of IMN | Post-op | Peri-op | Peri-op | Pre-, peri- , and post-op | Post-op | Post-op |
Duration of IMN | Until adequate oral feeding | 14 days | 14 days | Variable | 7 days | 7 days |
Improved outcome | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes |
4. Conclusions
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Nespoli, L.; Coppola, S.; Gianotti, L. The Role of the Enteral Route and the Composition of Feeds in the Nutritional Support of Malnourished Surgical Patients. Nutrients 2012, 4, 1230-1236. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu4091230
Nespoli L, Coppola S, Gianotti L. The Role of the Enteral Route and the Composition of Feeds in the Nutritional Support of Malnourished Surgical Patients. Nutrients. 2012; 4(9):1230-1236. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu4091230
Chicago/Turabian StyleNespoli, Luca, Sara Coppola, and Luca Gianotti. 2012. "The Role of the Enteral Route and the Composition of Feeds in the Nutritional Support of Malnourished Surgical Patients" Nutrients 4, no. 9: 1230-1236. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu4091230